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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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2
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The marriage of dual-acceptor strategy and C-H activation polymerization: naphthalene diimide-based n-type polymers with adjustable molar mass and decent performance. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Eder T, Kraus D, Höger S, Vogelsang J, Lupton JM. Vibrations Responsible for Luminescence from HJ-Aggregates of Conjugated Polymers Identified by Cryogenic Spectroscopy of Single Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6382-6393. [PMID: 35394735 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A single polymer chain can be thought of as a covalently bound J-aggregate, where the microscopic transition-dipole moments line up to emit in phase. Packing polymer chains into a bulk film can result in the opposite effect, inducing H-type coupling between chains. Cofacial transition-dipole moments oscillate out of phase, canceling each other out, so that the lowest-energy excited state turns dark. H-aggregates of conjugated polymers can, in principle, be coaxed into emitting light by mixing purely electronic and vibronic transitions. However, it is challenging to characterize this electron-phonon coupling experimentally. In a bulk film, many different conformations exist with varying degrees of intrachain J-type and interchain H-type coupling strengths, giving rise to broad and featureless aggregate absorption and emission spectra. Even if single nanoparticles consisting of only a few single chains are grown in a controlled fashion, the luminescence spectra remain broad, owing to the underlying molecular dynamics and structural heterogeneity at room temperature. At cryogenic temperatures, emission from H-type aggregates should be suppressed because, in the absence of thermal energy, internal conversion drives the aggregate to the lowest-energy dark state. At the same time, electronic and vibronic transitions narrow substantially, facilitating the attribution of spectral signatures to distinct vibrational modes. We demonstrate how to distinguish signatures of interchain H-type aggregate species from those of intramolecular J-type coupling. Whereas all dominant vibronic modes revealed in the photoluminescence (PL) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectra of a single chromophore within a single polymer chain are identified in the J-type aggregate luminescence spectra, they are not all present at once in the H-type spectra. Universal spectral features are found for the luminescence from strongly HJ-coupled chains, clearly resolving the vibrations responsible for the nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics that enable light emission. We discuss the possible combinations of vibrational modes responsible for H-type aggregate PL and demonstrate that only one, mainly the lowest energy one, of the three dominant vibrational modes contributes to the 0-1 transition, whereas combinations of all three are found in the 0-2 transition. From this analysis, we can distinguish between energy shifts due to either J-type intrachain coupling or H-type interchain interactions, offering a means to directly discriminate between structural and energetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Eder
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Mahalingavelar P, Kanvah S. α-Cyanostilbene: A Multifunctional Spectral Engineering Motif. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23049-23075. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable photophysical phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission offers excellent strategies to obtain the molecular materials possessing unique spectral signatures such as high fluorescence intensity, excellent quantum yield, large Stokes shift...
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5
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Zou Y, Wang D, Guo J, Yang J, Pu Y, Chen JF. Synthesis of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) in a rotating packed bed with enhanced performance for polymer light-emitting diode. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most suitable methods for synthesizing conjugated polymers is the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction because of high tolerance and stability. Herein, we report an improved strategy to synthesize conjugated...
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6
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Rajappan SC, Vestrheim O, Sharafi M, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Carbonyl-to-Alkyne Electron Donation Effects in up to 10-nm-Long, Unimolecular Oligo( p-phenylene ethynylenes). ORGANIC MATERIALS 2021; 3:337-345. [PMID: 34505058 PMCID: PMC8425378 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized some of the longest unimolecular oligo(p-phenylene ethynylenes) (OPEs), which are fully substituted with electron-withdrawing ester groups. An iterative convergent/divergent (a.k.a. iterative exponential growth - IEG) strategy based on Sonogashira couplings was utilized to access these sequence-defined macromolecules with up to 16 repeating units and 32 ester substituents. The carbonyl groups of the ester substituents interact with the triple bonds of the OPEs, leading to (i) unusual, angled triple bonds with increased rotational barrier, (ii) enhanced conformational disorder, and (iii) associated broadening of the UV/Vis absorption spectrum. Our results demonstrate that fully air-stable, unimolecular OPEs with ester groups can readily be accessed with IEG chemistry, providing new macromolecular backbones with unique geometrical, conformational, and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu C Rajappan
- University of Vermont, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Olav Vestrheim
- University of Vermont, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Mona Sharafi
- University of Vermont, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- University of Vermont, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- University of Vermont, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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7
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Witte F, Rietsch P, Sinha S, Krappe A, Joswig JO, Götze JP, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Resch-Genger U, Eigler S, Paulus B. Fluorescence Quenching in J-Aggregates through the Formation of Unusual Metastable Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4438-4446. [PMID: 33881311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aggregation alters the optical properties of a system as fluorescence may be activated or quenched. This is usually described within the well-established framework of H- and J-aggregates. While H-aggregates show nonfluorescent blueshifted absorption bands with respect to the isolated monomer, J-aggregates are fluorescent displaying a redshifted peak. In this publication, we employ a combined approach of experiment and theory to study the complex aggregation features and photophysical properties of diaminodicyanoquinone derivatives, which show unusual and puzzling nonfluorescent redshifted absorption bands upon aggregation. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that stable aggregates do not account for the experimental observations. Instead, we propose an unprecedented mechanism involving metastable dimeric species formed from stable dimers to generate nonfluorescent J-aggregates. These results represent a novel kind of aggregation-induced optical effect and may have broad implications for the photophysics of dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witte
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Rietsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shreya Sinha
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Krappe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-O Joswig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P Götze
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Xia J, Li Z, Xie Z, Zheng M. Near-Infrared absorbing J-Aggregates of boron dipyrromethene for high efficient photothermal therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:476-483. [PMID: 33962208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Constructing bioactive materials remains a big challenge through the aggregates of molecules. Herein, a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative containing three nitro groups (BDP-(NO2)3) was synthesized, which displays the characteristic of J-aggregate with pronounced red-shifted absorption in nonpolar solvent and aqueous media. The bathochromic shift from 635 to 765 nm facilitates photothermal transition upon the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light. Interestingly, BDP-(NO2)3 nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated from BDP-(NO2)3 and poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) copolymer (F-127), still exhibit obvious J-aggregate, which possess the merits of hydrophilicity, NIR absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency, excellent biosafety, and can behave as unique candidates for photothermal therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments validate that BDP-(NO2)3 NPs can effectively suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and lead to tumor ablation. This assembly method would be a generic and efficient mode for reasonable design of functional nanomaterials, and could inspire more study on aggregates of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China.
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9
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Hedley GJ, Schröder T, Steiner F, Eder T, Hofmann FJ, Bange S, Laux D, Höger S, Tinnefeld P, Lupton JM, Vogelsang J. Picosecond time-resolved photon antibunching measures nanoscale exciton motion and the true number of chromophores. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1327. [PMID: 33637741 PMCID: PMC7910429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The particle-like nature of light becomes evident in the photon statistics of fluorescence from single quantum systems as photon antibunching. In multichromophoric systems, exciton diffusion and subsequent annihilation occurs. These processes also yield photon antibunching but cannot be interpreted reliably. Here we develop picosecond time-resolved antibunching to identify and decode such processes. We use this method to measure the true number of chromophores on well-defined multichromophoric DNA-origami structures, and precisely determine the distance-dependent rates of annihilation between excitons. Further, this allows us to measure exciton diffusion in mesoscopic H- and J-type conjugated-polymer aggregates. We distinguish between one-dimensional intra-chain and three-dimensional inter-chain exciton diffusion at different times after excitation and determine the disorder-dependent diffusion lengths. Our method provides a powerful lens through which excitons can be studied at the single-particle level, enabling the rational design of improved excitonic probes such as ultra-bright fluorescent nanoparticles and materials for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Florian Steiner
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Theresa Eder
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix J Hofmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Laux
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Abdulkarim A, Nathusius M, Bäuerle R, Strunk KP, Beck S, Räder HJ, Pucci A, Melzer C, Jänsch D, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Beyond p-Hexaphenylenes: Synthesis of Unsubstituted p-Nonaphenylene by a Precursor Protocol. Chemistry 2021; 27:281-288. [PMID: 32786130 PMCID: PMC7839583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of unsubstituted oligo‐para‐phenylenes (OPP) exceeding para‐hexaphenylene—in the literature often referred to as p‐sexiphenyl—has long remained elusive due to their insolubility. We report the first preparation of unsubstituted para‐nonaphenylenes (9PPs) by extending our precursor route to poly‐para‐phenylenes (PPP) to a discrete oligomer. Two geometric isomers of methoxylated syn‐ and anti‐cyclohexadienylenes were synthesized, from which 9PP was obtained via thermal aromatization in thin films. 9PP was characterized via optical, infrared and solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry, and compared to polymeric analogues. Due to the lack of substitution, para‐nonaphenylene, irrespective of the precursor isomer employed, displays pronounced aggregation in the solid state. Intermolecular excitonic coupling leads to formation of H‐type aggregates, red‐shifting emission of the films to greenish. 9PP allows to study the structure–property relationship of para‐phenylene oligomers and polymers, especially since the optical properties of PPP depend on the molecular shape of the precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdulkarim
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Nathusius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Bäuerle
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Philipp Strunk
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Melzer
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jänsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Huang HY, Ca KB, Io CC, Chen PW, Soebroto RJ, Shen JL, Yeh JM, Yuan CT. Electronically Coupled Gold Nanoclusters Render Deep-Red Emission with High Quantum Yields. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9344-9350. [PMID: 33090790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electronic coupling can be used to tailor electronic states and optical properties of the luminophores. Therefore, electronically coupled systems would provide unique properties, which cannot be achieved by individual constituents. Here, electronically coupled gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were prepared on the basis of organosilane grafting and a sol-gel-derived porous silica template. After prolonged drying, the formed AuNCs@silica composites exhibited red-shifted, line-width-narrowed, deep-red emission with high quantum yields (QYs) of ∼66% due to electronic-coupling-enhanced radiative rates and covalent-bonding-suppressed nonradiative relaxation. Meanwhile, the absorption maximum was slightly blue-shifted, leading to a large Stokes shift. All experimental findings revealed the formation of electronically coupled AuNC aggregates confined inside the nanopores and bonded to silica matrix. The mechanism is distinctly different from conventional aggregation-enhanced emission. Our work would provide great potential to engineer photophysical properties by controlling the packing modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying Huang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Bin Ca
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Cho Io
- Master Program in Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Jeane Soebroto
- Master Program in Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Master Program in Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Kerfoot J, Svatek SA, Korolkov VV, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Antolin E, Beton PH. Fluorescence and Electroluminescence of J-Aggregated Polythiophene Monolayers on Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13886-13893. [PMID: 32897689 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of a semiconducting polymer is manipulated through molecular self-assembly on an insulating surface. Adsorption of polythiophene (PT) monolayers on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) leads to a structurally induced planarization and a rebalancing of inter- and intrachain excitonic coupling. This conformational control results in a dominant 0-0 photoluminescence peak and a reduced Huang-Rhys factor, characteristic of J-type aggregates, and optical properties which are significantly different to both PT thin films and single polymer strands. Adsorption on hBN also provides a route to explore electroluminescence from PT monolayers though incorporation into hybrid van der Waals heterostructures whereby the polymer monolayer is embedded within a hBN tunnel diode. In these structures we observe up-converted singlet electroluminescence from the PT monolayer, with an excitation mechanism based upon inelastic electron scattering. We argue that surface adsorption provides a methodology for the study of fundamental optoelectronic properties of technologically relevant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kerfoot
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Simon A Svatek
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Elisa Antolin
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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13
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Hicks GEJ, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Panchuk JR, Manion JG, Seferos DS. Oxidation promoted self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6383-6392. [PMID: 34094104 PMCID: PMC8159418 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly is an attractive strategy for organizing molecules into ordered structures that can span multiple length scales. Crystallization Driven Self-Assembly (CDSA) involves a block copolymer with a crystallizable core-forming block and an amorphous corona-forming block that aggregate into micelles with a crystalline core in solvents that are selective for the corona block. CDSA requires core- and corona-forming blocks with very different solubilities. This hinders its use for the self-assembly of purely π-conjugated block copolymers since blocks with desirable optoelectronic properties tend to have similar solubilities. Further, this approach is not readily reversible, precluding stimulus-responsive assembly and disassembly. Here, we demonstrate that selective oxidative doping of one block of a fully π-conjugated block copolymer promotes the self-assembly of redox-responsive micelles. Heteroatom substitution in polychalcogenophenes enables the modulation of the intrinsic polymer oxidation potential. We show that oxidized micelles with a narrow size distribution form spontaneously and disassemble in response to a chemical reductant. This method expands the scope of π-conjugated polymers that can undergo controlled self-assembly and introduces reversible, redox-responsive self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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14
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Eder T, Vogelsang J, Bange S, Remmerssen K, Schmitz D, Jester SS, Keller TJ, Höger S, Lupton JM. Interplay Between J- and H-Type Coupling in Aggregates of π-Conjugated Polymers: A Single-Molecule Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18898-18902. [PMID: 31596527 PMCID: PMC6973276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Strong dipole–dipole coupling within and between π‐conjugated segments shifts electronic transitions, and modifies vibronic coupling and excited‐state lifetimes. Since J‐type coupling between monomers along the conjugated‐polymer (CP) chain and H‐type coupling of chromophores between chains of a CP compete, a superposition of the spectral modifications arising from each type of coupling emerges, making the two couplings hard to discern in the ensemble. We introduce a single‐molecule H‐type aggregate of fixed spacing and variable length of up to 10 nm. HJ‐type aggregate formation is visualized intuitively in the scatter of single‐molecule spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Eder
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Remmerssen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmitz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan-S Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tristan J Keller
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Angewandte und Experimentelle Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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