1
|
Chen D, Mu S. Molten Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Catalysts for Energy Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408285. [PMID: 39246151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A breakthrough in manufacturing procedures often enables people to obtain the desired functional materials. For the field of energy conversion, designing and constructing catalysts with high cost-effectiveness is urgently needed for commercial requirements. Herein, the molten salt-assisted synthesis (MSAS) strategy is emphasized, which combines the advantages of traditional solid and liquid phase synthesis of catalysts. It not only provides sufficient kinetic accessibility, but effectively controls the size, morphology, and crystal plane features of the product, thus possessing promising application prospects. Specifically, the selection and role of the molten salt system, as well as the mechanism of molten salt assistance are analyzed in depth. Then, the creation of the catalyst by the MSAS and the electrochemical energy conversion related application are introduced in detail. Finally, the key problems and countermeasures faced in breakthroughs are discussed and look forward to the future. Undoubtedly, this systematical review and insights here will promote the comprehensive understanding of the MSAS and further stimulate the generation of new and high efficiency catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shichun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Susman MD, Pham HN, West D, Chinta S, Datye AK, Rimer JD. High-Index NiO Particle Synthesis in Alkali Chloride Salts: Nonclassical Crystallization Pathways and Thermally-Induced Surface Restructuring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308166. [PMID: 38321841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The formation mechanism(s) of high-index facets in metal oxides is not widely understood but remains a topic of interest owing to the challenges of stabilizing high-energy surfaces. These metal oxide crystal surfaces are expected to provide unique physicochemical characteristics; therefore, understanding crystallization pathways may enable the rational design of materials with controlled properties. Here the crystallization of NiO via thermal decomposition of a nickel source in excess of alkali chlorides is examined, focusing on KCl, which produces trapezohedral NiO (311) particles that are difficult to achieve through alternative methods. Trapezohedral NiO crystals are confirmed to grow via a molten eutectic where NiO nucleation is followed by nonclassical crystallization through processes resembling colloidal assembly. Aggregates comprised of NiO nanocrystals form mesostructures that ripen with heating time and exhibit fewer grain boundaries as they transition into single-crystalline particles. At temperatures higher than those of NiO crystallization, there is a restructuring of (311) facets into microfacets exposing (111) and (100) surfaces. These findings illustrate the complex crystallization processes taking place during molten salt synthesis. The ability to generate metal oxide particles with high-index facets has the potential to be a more generalized approach to unlock the physicochemical properties of materials for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano D Susman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Blvd., Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA
| | - Hien N Pham
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Microengineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - David West
- SABIC Technology Center, 1600 Industrial Blvd. Sugar Land, Houston, TX, 77478, USA
| | | | - Abhaya K Datye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Microengineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Blvd., Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye C, Liu B, Li Q, Yu M, Liu Y, Tai Z, Pan Z, Qiu Y. Activating Inert Crystal Face via Facet-Dependent Quench-Engineering for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309856. [PMID: 38100241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing a facile strategy to activate the inert crystal face of an electrocatalyst is critical to full-facet utilization, yet still challenging. Herein, the electrocatalytic activity of the inert crystal face is activated by quenching Co3O4 cubes and hexagonal plates with different crystal faces in Fe(NO3)3 solution, and the regulation mechanism of facet-dependent quench-engineering is further revealed. Compared to the Co3O4 cube with exposed {100} facet, the Co3O4 hexagonal plate with exposed {111} facet is more responsive to quenching, accompanied by a rougher surface, richer defect, and more Fe doping. Theoretical calculations indicate that the {111} facet has a more open structure with lower defect formation energy and Fe doping energy, ensuring its electronic and coordination structure is easier to optimize. Therefore, quench-engineering largely increases the catalytic activity of {111) facet for oxygen evolution reaction by 13.2% (the overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 decreases from 380 to 330 mV), while {100} facet only increases by 7.6% (from 393 to 363 mV). The quenched Co3O4 hexagonal plate exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability in both zinc-air battery and water-splitting. The work reveals the influence mechanism of crystal face on quench-engineering and inspires the activation of the inert crystal face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529100, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Minxing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529100, China
| | - Zhixing Tai
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529100, China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yongcai Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cox SJ. A theory for the stabilization of polar crystal surfaces by a liquid environment. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094701. [PMID: 36075740 DOI: 10.1063/5.0097531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar crystal surfaces play an important role in the functionality of many materials and have been studied extensively over many decades. In this article, a theoretical framework is presented that extends existing theories by placing the surrounding solution environment on an equal footing with the crystal itself; this is advantageous, e.g., when considering processes such as crystal growth from solution. By considering the polar crystal as a stack of parallel plate capacitors immersed in a solution environment, the equilibrium adsorbed surface charge density is derived by minimizing the free energy of the system. In analogy to the well-known diverging surface energy of a polar crystal surface at zero temperature, for a crystal in solution it is shown that the "polar catastrophe" manifests as a diverging free energy cost to perturb the system from equilibrium. Going further than existing theories, the present formulation predicts that fluctuations in the adsorbed surface charge density become increasingly suppressed with increasing crystal thickness. We also show how, in the slab geometry often employed in both theoretical and computational studies of interfaces, an electric displacement field emerges as an electrostatic boundary condition, the origins of which are rooted in the slab geometry itself, rather than the use of periodic boundary conditions. This aspect of the work provides a firmer theoretical basis for the recent observation that standard "slab corrections" fail to correctly describe, even qualitatively, polar crystal surfaces in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Cox
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Portehault D, Gómez-Recio I, Baron MA, Musumeci V, Aymonier C, Rouchon V, Le Godec Y. Geoinspired syntheses of materials and nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4828-4866. [PMID: 35603716 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for new materials is intimately linked to the development of synthesis methods. In the current urge for the sustainable synthesis of materials, taking inspiration from Nature's ways to process matter appears as a virtuous approach. In this review, we address the concept of geoinspiration for the design of new materials and the exploration of new synthesis pathways. In geoinspiration, materials scientists take inspiration from the key features of various geological systems and processes occurring in nature, to trigger the formation of artificial materials and nanomaterials. We discuss several case studies of materials and nanomaterials to highlight the basic geoinspiration concepts underlying some synthesis methods: syntheses in water and supercritical water, thermal shock syntheses, molten salt synthesis and high pressure synthesis. We show that the materials emerging from geoinspiration exhibit properties differing from materials obtained by other pathways, thus demonstrating that the field opens up avenues to new families of materials and nanomaterials. This review focuses on synthesis methodologies, by drawing connections between geosciences and materials chemistry, nanosciences, green chemistry, and environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabel Gómez-Recio
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marzena A Baron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Valentina Musumeci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Virgile Rouchon
- IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Yann Le Godec
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of Calcination Temperature on CO-Sensing Mechanism for NiO-Based Gas Sensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NiO-sensitive materials have been synthesized via the hydrothermal synthesis route and calcined in air at 400 °C and, alternatively, at 500 °C. Structural, morphological, and spectroscopic investigations were involved. As such, the XRD patterns showed a higher crystallinity degree for the NiO calcined at 500 °C. Such an aspect is in line with the XPS data indicating a lower surface hydroxylation relative to NiO calcined at 400 °C. An HRTEM microstructural investigation revealed that the two samples differ essentially at the morphological level, having different sizes of the crystalline nanoparticles, different density of the surface defects, and preferential faceting according to the main crystallographic planes. In order to identify their specific gas-sensing mechanism towards CO exposure under the in-field atmosphere, the simultaneous evaluation of the electrical resistance and contact potential difference was carried out. The results allowed the decoupling of the water physisorption from the chemisorption of the ambient oxygen species. Thus, the specific CO interaction mechanism induced by the calcination temperature of NiO has been highlighted.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv S, Liu D, Sun Y, Li M, Zhou Y, Song C, Wang D. Graphene oxide coupled high-index facets CdZnS with rich sulfur vacancies for synergistic boosting visible-light-catalytic hydrogen evolution in natural seawater: Experimental and DFT study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:34-43. [PMID: 35561574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Constructing photocatalysts with high activity and anti-photocorrosion is a key to harvesting hydrogen energy from seawater efficiently. Herein, graphene oxide closely coupled high-index facets CdZnS with rich sulfur vacancies (Vs-CZS@GO) has been successfully synthesized via one-pot sulfidation accompanied pyrolysis. DFT calculation confirmed the delicate surface/interface/defect engineering endowed high-index facets Vs-CZS@GO with a lower ΔGH* value and significant charge transfer behavior for efficient H2-generation. The synergistic effect of sulfur vacancy, high-index facets, and tightly coupling interface not only enhanced intrinsic active sites and carrier separation efficiencies, but also greatly promoted H2 evolution rate and stability. Consequently, Vs-CZS@GO displayed a significantly high H2-generation rate of 23.2 mmol∙g-1∙h-1 in natural seawater under visible-light irradiation, which is up to 82% of that in pure water. This work provides deeply insight into the synergistic regulation of electronic structure for exposed high-index facets photocatalysts via defect engineering and interface engineering for synergistic boosting visible-light-to-H2 evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Lv
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongzheng Liu
- Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Caixia Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Debao Wang
- Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zan L, Zhang H, Ye Z, Wei Q, Dong H, Sun S, Weng Q, Bo X, Xia H, Li Y, Fu F. Solvent-induced crystal-facet effect of nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide for highly efficient overall water splitting. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials have been universally acknowledged to be promising candidates for alternative precious metal in the field of catalysis. The crystal-facet effect is currently rare in the field of...
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheula R, Susman MD, West DH, Chinta S, Rimer JD, Maestri M. Local Ordering of Molten Salts at NiO Crystal Interfaces Promotes High‐Index Faceting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cheula
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa, 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Mariano D. Susman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston 4726 Calhoun Road Houston TX 77204-4004 USA
| | - David H. West
- SABIC Technology Center 1600 Industrial Blvd. Sugar Land Houston TX 77478 USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston 4726 Calhoun Road Houston TX 77204-4004 USA
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa, 34 20156 Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheula R, Susman MD, West DH, Chinta S, Rimer JD, Maestri M. Local Ordering of Molten Salts at NiO Crystal Interfaces Promotes High-Index Faceting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25391-25396. [PMID: 34406684 PMCID: PMC9290742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Given the strong influence of surface structure on the reactivity of heterogeneous catalysts, understanding the mechanisms that control crystal morphology is an important component of designing catalytic materials with targeted shape and functionality. Herein, we employ density functional theory to examine the impact of growth media on NiO crystal faceting in line with experimental findings, showing that molten-salt synthesis in alkali chlorides (KCl, LiCl, and NaCl) imposes shape selectivity on NiO particles. We find that the production of NiO octahedra is attributed to the dissociative adsorption of H2 O, whereas the formation of trapezohedral particles is associated with the control of the growth kinetics exerted by ordered salt structures on high-index facets. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that growth inhibition of metal-oxide facets occurs by a localized ordering of molten salts at the crystal-solvent interface. These findings provide new molecular-level insight on kinetics and thermodynamics of molten-salt synthesis as a predictive route to shape-engineer metal-oxide crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cheula
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic ProcessesDipartimento di EnergiaPolitecnico di MilanoVia La Masa, 3420156MilanoItaly
| | - Mariano D. Susman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Houston4726 Calhoun RoadHoustonTX77204-4004USA
| | - David H. West
- SABIC Technology Center1600 Industrial Blvd. Sugar LandHoustonTX77478USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Houston4726 Calhoun RoadHoustonTX77204-4004USA
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic ProcessesDipartimento di EnergiaPolitecnico di MilanoVia La Masa, 3420156MilanoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Susman MD, Rimer JD, Bollini P. Tuning selectivity in nickel oxide-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane through control over non-stoichiometric oxygen density. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermally stable nickel oxide cubes are used to vary, exclusively, bulk non-stoichimetric oxygen density, and to rationalize ethene selectivities in the oxidative dehydorgenation of ethane under a wide range of conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Mariano D. Susman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Praveen Bollini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hermawan A, Hanindriyo AT, Ramadhan ER, Asakura Y, Hasegawa T, Hongo K, Inada M, Maezono R, Yin S. Octahedral morphology of NiO with (111) facet synthesized from the transformation of NiOHCl for the NOx detection and degradation: experiment and DFT calculation. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NiO with polar (111) facets was successfully synthesized from the transformation of a layered NiOHCl, exhibiting excellent NOx detection and degradation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angga Hermawan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira
- Sendai
- Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Asakura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Takuya Hasegawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kenta Hongo
- School of Information Science
- JAIST
- Nomi
- Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Computing Infrastructure
| | - Miki Inada
- Center of Advanced Instrumental Analysis
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga-Shi
- Japan
| | | | - Shu Yin
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira
- Sendai
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu Z, Yin Q, Li X, Meng Q, Xu L, Lv B, Zhang G. Self-assembly of a highly stable and active Co 3O 4/H-TiO 2 bulk heterojunction with high-energy interfacial structures for low temperature CO catalytic oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01477j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a highly stable and active Co3O4/H-TiO2 bulk heterojunction with high-energy interfacial structures was realized for low temperature CO catalytic oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehai Xu
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Qingchuan Yin
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Xiong Li
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Qin Meng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Lusheng Xu
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Boshen Lv
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology
- State Key Lab Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| |
Collapse
|