1
|
Hu J, Yang Y, Shen Q, Wang S, Chen X, Luan C, Yu K. Room-Temperature Formation of CdTeSe Magic-Size Clusters from Oleate-Capped CdTe Precursor Compounds via CdSe Monomer Substitution. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38833379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the first room-temperature synthesis of ternary CdTeSe magic-size clusters (MSCs) that have mainly the surface ligand oleate (OA). The MSCs display sharp optical absorption peaking at ∼399 nm and are thus referred to as MSC-399. They are made from prenucleation-stage samples of binary CdTe and CdSe, which are prepared by two reactions in 1-octadecene (ODE) of cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2) and tri-n-octylphosphine chalcogenide (ETOP, E = Te and Se) at 25 °C for 120 min and 80 °C for 15 min, respectively. When the two binary samples are mixed at room temperature and dispersed in a mixture of toluene (Tol) and octylamine (OTA), the CdTeSe MSC-399 develops. Also, when the CdSe sample is added to CdTe MSC-371 in a dispersion, the transformation from CdTe MSC-371 to CdTeSe MSC-399 is seen. We propose that the MSCs develop from their precursor compounds (PCs) that are relatively transparent in optical absorption, such as CdTeSe MSC-399 from CdTeSe PC-399 and CdTe MSC-371 from CdTe PC-371. The formation of CdTeSe PC-399 undergoes monomer substitution and not anion exchange, which is the reaction of CdTe PC-371 and the CdSe monomer to produce CdTeSe PC-399 and the CdTe monomer. Our study provides evidence of monomer substitution for the transformation from binary CdTe to ternary CdTeSe PCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Shen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue J, Wang S, Wang Z, Luan C, Li Y, Chen X, Yu K. Pathway of Room-Temperature Formation of CdSeS Magic-Size Clusters from Mixtures of CdSe and CdS Samples. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402121. [PMID: 38634202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The synthetic application of prenucleation-stage samples of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is in its infancy. It is shown that when two prenucleation-stage samples of binary CdSe and CdS are mixed, ternary CdSeS magic-size clusters (MSCs) grow at room temperature in dispersion. As the amount of the CdS sample increases, the optical absorption of the CdSeS MSCs blueshifts from ≈380 to ≈360 nm. It is proposed that the cluster in the CdSe sample reacts with the CdS monomer from the CdS sample. The monomer substitution reaction of CdSe by CdS can proceed continuously; thus, CdSeS MSCs with tunable compositions are obtained. The present study provides compelling evidence that clusters formed in the prenucleation stage of QDs. The clusters are precursor compounds (PCs) of MSCs, transforming at room temperature with the thermoneutrality principle of isodesmic reactions. The nucleation and growth of QDs follows a multi-step non-classical instead of one-step classical nucleation model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xue
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhang M, Yu K. Precursor Compound-Assisted Formation of CdS Magic-Size Clusters in Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18290-18298. [PMID: 37883791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the formation pathway of semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) in aqueous solutions are quite limited. Here, we present our understanding about a precursor compound (PC)-assisted formation pathway of aqueous-phase CdS MSCs exhibiting a characteristic absorption peak at about 360 nm (MSC-360). The reaction uses CdCl2 as the Cd source and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as both the S source and ligand in alkaline aqueous solutions. The mixture remains absorption featureless upon incubation at room temperature but with MSC-360 absorption observed upon adding butylamine. The longer the incubation period of the aqueous solution, the more MSC-360 forms after adding butylamine. We propose that Cd-TGA complexes form first, in which the TGA moieties then decompose partially to form PC of MSC-360 (PC-360) that cannot be observed in the optical absorption spectrum. The resulting PC-360 transforms to MSC-360 via quasi-isomerization in the presence of butylamine. The present study provides an in-depth understanding about the formation of aqueous-phase MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Shen Q, Zhang C, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Luan C, Yu K. Direct and Indirect Pathways of CdTeSe Magic-Size Cluster Isomerization Induced by Surface Ligands at Room Temperature. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:519-530. [PMID: 36968545 PMCID: PMC10037450 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The field of isomerization reactions for colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that MSCs isomerize via two fundamental pathways that are regulated by the acidity and amount of an incoming ligand, with CdTeSe as the model system. When MSC-399 isomerizes to MSC-422 at room temperature, the peak red-shift from 399 to 422 nm is continuous (pathway 1) and/or stepwise (pathway 2) as monitored in situ and in real time by optical absorption spectroscopy. We propose that pathway 1 is direct, with intracluster configuration changes and a relatively large energy barrier. Pathway 2 is indirect, assisted by the MSC precursor compounds (PCs), from MSC-399 to PC-399 to PC-422 to MSC-422. Pathway 1 is activated when PC-422 to MSC-422 is suppressed. Our findings unambiguously suggest that when a change occurs directly on a nanospecies, its absorption peak continuously shifts. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of the transformative behavior of MSCs via ligand-induced isomerization upon external chemical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Shen
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical
& Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He L, Luan C, Liu S, Chen M, Rowell N, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Lu J, Zhang M, Liang B, Yu K. Transformations of Magic-Size Clusters via Precursor Compound Cation Exchange at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19060-19069. [PMID: 36215103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) from zinc to cadmium chalcogenide (ZnE to CdE) at low temperatures has received scant attention. Here, we report the first room-temperature evolution of CdE MSCs from ZnE samples and our interpretation of the transformation pathway. We show that when prenucleation stage samples of ZnE are mixed with cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2), CdE MSCs evolve; without this mixing, ZnE MSCs develop. When ZnE MSCs and Cd(OA)2 are mixed, CdE MSCs also form. We propose that Cd(OA)2 reacts with the precursor compounds (PCs) of the ZnE MSCs but not directly with the ZnE MSCs. The cation exchange reaction transforms the ZnE PCs into CdE PCs, from which CdE MSCs develop. Our findings suggest that in reactions that lead to the production of binary ME quantum dots, the E precursor dominates the formation of binary ME PCs (M = Zn or Cd) to have similar stoichiometry. The present study provides a much more profound view of the formation and transformation mechanisms of the ME PCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shangpu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ze Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luan C, Shen Q, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Huang W, Yu K. A Real‐Time In‐situ Demonstration of Direct and Indirect Transformation Pathways in CdTe Magic‐size Clusters at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Luan
- Sichuan University Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital CHINA
| | - Qiu Shen
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Nelson Rowell
- National Research Council Canada Metrology Research Centre CANADA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Sichuan University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wen Huang
- Sichuan University Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital CHINA
| | - Kui Yu
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luan C, Shen Q, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Huang W, Yu K. A Real-Time In Situ Demonstration of Direct and Indirect Transformation Pathways in CdTe Magic-Size Clusters at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205784. [PMID: 35794715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The transformations of colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) are expected to occur with only discrete, step-wise redshifts in optical absorption. Here, we challenge this assumption presenting a novel, conceptually different transformation, for which the redshift is continuous. In the room-temperature transformation from CdTe MSC-448 to MSC-488 (designated by the peak wavelengths in nanometer), the redshift of absorption monitored in situ displays distinctly continuous and/or step-wise behavior. Based on conclusive evidence provided by real-time experiments, the former transformation is apparently direct and intra-cluster with a relatively large energy barrier. The latter transformation is indirect and assisted by MSC precursor compounds (PCs). The former transformation follows the latter often, being predominant at a relatively high temperature. The present findings encourage a reconsideration of the absorption redshift reported previously for transformations of binary II-VI MSCs, together with the pathway associated without the increase of cluster mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Cao Z, Zhang H, Luan C, Chen X, Li Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Zeng J, Yu K. Room-Temperature Evolution of Ternary CdTeS Magic-Size Clusters Exhibiting Sharp Absorption Peaking at 381 nm. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 13:4941-4948. [PMID: 35635487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Li Y, Luan C, Rowell N, Wang S, Zhang C, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic‐Size Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Rowell N, Luan C, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu K. A Two-Pathway Model for the Evolution of Colloidal Compound Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Magic-Size Clusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107940. [PMID: 35119147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of formation pathways is critical to the controlled synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. As ultrasmall-size quantum dots (QDs) sometimes emerge in reactions along with magic-size clusters (MSCs), distinguishing their individual pathway of evolution is important, but has proven difficult. To decouple the evolution of QDs and MSCs, an unconventional, selective approach has been developed, along with a two-pathway model that provides a fundamental understanding of production selectivity. For on-demand production of either ultrasmall QDs or MSCs, the key enabler is in how to allow a reaction to proceed in the time prior to nucleation and growth of QDs. In this prenucleation stage, an intermediate compound forms, which is the precursor compound (PC) to the MSC. Here, the two-pathway model and the manipulation of such PCs to synthesize either ultrasmall QDs or binary and ternary MSCs are highlighted. The two-pathway model will assist the development of nucleation theory as well as provide a basis for a mechanism-enabled design and predictive synthesis of functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology West China School of Medicine West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Li Y, Luan C, Rowell N, Wang S, Zhang C, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic-Size Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114551. [PMID: 34842312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rarely studied transformation in colloidal ternary magic-size clusters (MSCs) is addressed. We report the first observation of the transformation from ternary CdTeSe MSC-399 to MSC-422, which occurs at room temperature. These two MSC types display sharp optical absorption resonances at 399 and 422 nm, respectively, and are related in that they are quasi isomers, together with their counterpart precursor compounds (PCs). Binary CdTe and CdSe samples were prepared in the prenucleation stage also called the induction period (IP). After they were mixed and placed in a mixture of toluene and octylamine, the transformation was found to take place and to be assisted by the addition of the CdSe IP sample. A binary IP sample contains corresponding binary PCs and monomers (Mo) and fragments (Fr). We argue that the transformation pathway is enabled by the corresponding ternary PCs, involving the substitution reaction, namely CdTeSe PC-399 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)-1 ⇒ CdTeSe PC-422 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)-2. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of the formation characteristics of the MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu J, Cao Z, Zhu Y, Rowell N, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Jiang G, Zhang M, Zeng J, Yu K. Transformation Pathway from CdSe Magic‐Size Clusters with Absorption Doublets at 373/393 nm to Clusters at 434/460 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yongcheng Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu J, Cao Z, Zhu Y, Rowell N, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Jiang G, Zhang M, Zeng J, Yu K. Transformation Pathway from CdSe Magic-Size Clusters with Absorption Doublets at 373/393 nm to Clusters at 434/460 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20358-20365. [PMID: 33960093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Divergent interpretations have appeared in the literature regarding the structural nature and evolutionary behavior for photoluminescent CdSe nanospecies with sharp doublets in optical absorption. We report a comprehensive description of the transformation pathway from one CdSe nanospecies displaying an absorption doublet at 373/393 nm to another species with a doublet at 433/460 nm. These two nanospecies are zero-dimensional (0D) magic-size clusters (MSCs) with 3D quantum confinement, and are labeled dMSC-393 and dMSC-460, respectively. Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) returns a radius of gyration of 0.92 nm for dMSC-393 and 1.14 nm for dMSC-460, and indicates that both types are disc shaped with the exponent of the SAXS form factor equal to 2.1. The MSCs develop from their unique counterpart precursor compounds (PCs), which are labeled PC-393 and PC-460, respectively. For the dMSC-393 to dMSC-460 transformation, the proposed PC-enabled pathway is comprised of three key steps, dMSC-393 to PC-393 (Step 1), PC-393 to PC-460 (Step 2 involving monomer addition), and PC-460 to dMSC-460 (Step 3). The present study provides a framework for understanding the PC-based evolution of MSCs and how PCs enable transformations between MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongcheng Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He Z, Wang D, Yu Q, Zhang M, Wang S, Huang W, Luan C, Yu K. Evolution of Photoluminescent CdS Magic-Size Clusters Assisted by Adding Small Molecules with Carboxylic Group. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14458-14466. [PMID: 34124468 PMCID: PMC8190887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report our investigation on the formation of photoluminescent CdS magic-size clusters (MSCs), which exhibit absorption peaking at 373 nm, along with sharp band edge emission at ∼385 nm. Denoted as MSC-373, the MSCs were synthesized from the reaction of cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2) and S powder in 1-octadecene at room temperature, together with the addition of acetic acid (HOAc) or acetate salts (M(OAc)2, M = Zn and Mn) during the prenucleation stage (120 °C). The morphology of as-synthesized MSC-373 was dot-like, which could be altered to flake-like morphology after purification. We found the formation of MSC-373 was related to the ligand exchange, resulting from the addition of small molecules with carboxylic group. The addition of HOAc not only promotes the formation of CdS MSC-373 but suppresses the formation of MSC-311 and nucleation and growth of quantum dots (QDs). When the amount of HOAc addition was increased, another photoluminescent CdS MSCs, namely, MSC-406, evolved. This study provides an overall understanding of the CdS MSC-373 and introduces a new approach to synthesize photoluminescent CdS MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian He
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Yu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical
& Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering
Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen Q, Luan C, Rowell N, Zhang M, Wang K, Willis M, Chen X, Yu K. Reversible Transformations at Room Temperature among Three Types of CdTe Magic-Size Clusters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4243-4251. [PMID: 33764044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the reversible transformations that occur among three types of CdTe magic-size clusters (MSCs) in dispersion at room temperature and discuss our understanding of the transformation pathway. The reversible transformations were achieved with CdTe prenucleation stage samples, which were prepared with reactions of cadmium oleate [Cd(OA)2] and tri-n-octylphosphine telluride in 1-octadecene and were then dispersed in mixtures of toluene and a primary amine at room temperature. Three types of OA-passivated CdTe MSCs evolved, exhibiting sharp optical absorption singlets peaking at 371, 417, and 448 nm. The MSCs and their immediate precursor compounds (PCs; with no sharp optical absorption) are labeled by the MSC absorption peak wavelengths. The transformation between MSC-371 and MSC-417 has a distinct isosbestic point at ∼385 nm and that between MSC-417 and MSC-448 at ∼430 nm. Our findings suggest that these PC-enabled reversible transformations occur through a process of quasi-isomerization, transforming between PCs and their counterpart MSCs, combined with substitution reactions that cause transformation between the two involved PCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Maureen Willis
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He L, Luan C, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu K. Transformations Among Colloidal Semiconductor Magic-Size Clusters. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:776-786. [PMID: 33533599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A knowledge of colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) is essential for understanding how fundamental properties evolve during transformations from individual molecules to semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Compared to QDs, MSCs display much narrower optical absorption bands; the higher cluster stability gives rise to a narrower size distribution. During the production of binary QDs such as II-VI metal (M) chalcogenide (E) ones, binary ME MSCs observed were interpreted as side products and/or the nuclei of QDs. Prior to the current development of our two-step approach followed by our two-pathway model, it had been extremely challenging to synthesize MSCs as a unique product without the nucleation and growth of QDs. With the two-step approach, we have demonstrated that MSCs can be readily engineered as a sole product at room temperature from a prenucleation stage sample, also called an induction period (IP) sample. It is important that we were able to discover that the evolution of the MSCs follows first-order reaction kinetics behavior. Accordingly, we proposed that a new type of compound, termed as "precursor compounds" (PCs) of MSCs, was produced in an IP sample. Such PCs are optically transparent at the absorption peak positions of their MSC counterparts as well as to longer wavelengths. It is thought that quasi isomerization of a single PC results in the development of one MSC.In this Account, we provide an overview of our latest advances regarding the transformations among binary CdE MSCs as well as from binary CdTe to ternary CdTeSe MSCs. Optical absorption spectroscopy has been employed to study these transformations, all of which display well-defined isosbestic points. We have proposed that these MSC to MSC transformations occur via their corresponding PCs, also called immediate PCs. It is reasonable that the as-synthesized PC (in an IP sample) and the immediate PC (in an incubated and/or diluted sample) probably have different configurations. A transformation between two PCs may involve an intermolecular reaction, with either first-order reaction kinetics or a more complicated time profile. A transformation between one immediate PC and its counterpart MSC may contain an intramolecular reaction. The present Account, which addresses the PC-enabled MSC transformations with isosbestic points probed by optical absorption spectroscopy, calls for more experimental and theoretical attention to understand these magic species and their transformation processes more precisely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Geng Q, Liu D, Duan L, Wang Y, Cui J. Ratiometric Dual Signal-Enhancing-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Kanamycin Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52713-52720. [PMID: 33170623 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the signal amplification elements of planar VS2/AuNPs nanocomposites and CoFe2O4 nanozyme, we herein developed an electrochemical biosensor for sensitive kanamycin (Kana) quantification. A ratiometric sensing platform was presented by incorporating VS2/AuNPs nanocomposites as a support material with excellent conductivity and high specific surface area, as well as hairpin DNA (hDNA) with complementary hybridization of biotinylated Kana-aptamer. In addition, streptavidin-functionalized CoFe2O4 nanozyme with superior peroxidase-like catalytic activity were immobilized onto the aptasensor, hence the peroxidase-like catalytic reaction could yield amplified electrochemical signals. With the presence of Kana, the aptamer-biorecognition resulted in a quantitative decrease of nanozyme accumulation and an increase of methylene blue response. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical signal ratio of the aptasensor revealed a linear relation along with the logarithmic concentration of Kana from 1 pM to 1 μM, with the limit of detection reaching to 0.5 pM. Moreover, this aptasensor exhibited excellent precision, as well as high repeatability, hence possessing potentials in real samples and for diverse targets detection by easy replacement of the matched aptamer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Liubo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Geng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Daxi Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wan W, Zhang M, Zhao M, Rowell N, Zhang C, Wang S, Kreouzis T, Fan H, Huang W, Yu K. Room-temperature formation of CdS magic-size clusters in aqueous solutions assisted by primary amines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4199. [PMID: 32826911 PMCID: PMC7442802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous-phase approaches to semiconductor CdS magic-size clusters (MSCs) and the formation pathway have remained relatively unexplored. Here, we report the demonstration of an aqueous-phase, room-temperature approach to CdS MSCs, together with an exploration of their evolution pathway. The resulting CdS MSCs display a sharp optical absorption peak at about 360 nm and are labeled MSC-360. With CdCl2 and thiourea as the respective Cd and S sources, and 3-mercarpotopropionic acid as the ligand, CdS MSC-360 develops in a mixture of a primary amine and water. We argue that the primary amine facilitates room-temperature decomposition of thiourea when CdCl2 is present, and the formation pathway of MSCs is similar to that in organic-phase approaches. Our findings show there is a viable avenue to room-temperature aqueous-phase formation of CdS MSCs. Providing explanations of the procedure developed including the formation of large aggregates, the present study represents an important advance towards a mechanistic understanding of nanocrystal synthesis. CdS magic-size clusters have, so far, been prepared only in organic solvents. Here, the authors report an aqueous-phase synthesis for CdS magic-size clusters at room temperature and reveal insights into the formation mechanism, including the key role of primary amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Theo Kreouzis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China. .,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China. .,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|