1
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Ju YY, Luo H, Li ZJ, Zheng BH, Xing JF, Chen XW, Huang LX, Nie GH, Zhang B, Liu J, Tan YZ. Helical Nanographenes Bearing Pentagon-Heptagon Pairs by Stepwise Dehydrocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402621. [PMID: 38443314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of pentagon-heptagon pairs into helical nanographenes lacks a facile synthetic route, and the impact of these pairs on chiroptical properties remains unclear. In this study, a method for the stepwise construction of pentagon-heptagon pairs in helical nanographenes by the dehydrogenation of [6]helicene units was developed. Three helical nanographenes containing pentagon-heptagon pairs were synthesized and characterized using this approach. A wide variation in the molecular geometries and photophysical properties of these helical nanographenes was observed, with changes in the helical length of these structures and the introduction of the pentagon-heptagon pairs. The embedded pentagon-heptagon pairs reduced the oxidation potential of the synthesized helical nanographenes. The high isomerization energy barriers enabled the chiral resolution of the helicene enantiomers. Chiroptical investigations revealed remarkably enhanced circularly polarized luminescence and luminescence dissymmetry factors with an increasing number of the pentagon-heptagon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Ju
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ze-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bing-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling-Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guo-Hui Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Mishra S, Vilas-Varela M, Lieske LA, Ortiz R, Fatayer S, Rončević I, Albrecht F, Frederiksen T, Peña D, Gross L. Bistability between π-diradical open-shell and closed-shell states in indeno[1,2-a]fluorene. Nat Chem 2024; 16:755-761. [PMID: 38332330 PMCID: PMC11087267 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Indenofluorenes are non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons that have received great interest owing to their unusual electronic structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics and photovoltaics. Here we report the generation of unsubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorene on various surfaces by the cleavage of two C-H bonds in 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene through voltage pulses applied by the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope. On bilayer NaCl on Au(111), indeno[1,2-a]fluorene is in the neutral charge state, but it exhibits charge bistability between neutral and anionic states on the lower-workfunction surfaces of bilayer NaCl on Ag(111) and Cu(111). In the neutral state, indeno[1,2-a]fluorene exhibits one of two ground states: an open-shell π-diradical state, predicted to be a triplet by density functional and multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations, or a closed-shell state with a para-quinodimethane moiety in the as-indacene core. We observe switching between open- and closed-shell states of a single molecule by changing its adsorption site on NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shadi Fatayer
- Applied Physics Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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3
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Mathey P, Sobczak Q, Darvish A, Morin JF. Synthesis of an azulene-containing graphene nanoribbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4854-4857. [PMID: 38619615 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00968a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The solution-phase synthesis of a non-benzenoid nanoribbon from an azulene-containing polymer via alkyne benzannulation is reported. The nanoribbon is soluble in common organic solvents and exhibits conductivity values up to 1.5 × 10-3 S cm-1 once doped by protonation in the thin film state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mathey
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Quentin Sobczak
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Ali Darvish
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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4
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Zhang H, Lu CJ, Cai GH, Xi LL, Feng J, Liu RR. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbene coupling en route to inherently chiral heptagon-containing polyarenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3353. [PMID: 38637535 PMCID: PMC11026441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing facile and direct synthesis routes for enantioselective construction of cyclic π-conjugated molecules is crucial. However, originate chirality from the distorted structure around heptagon-containing polyarenes is largely overlooked, the enantioselective construction of all-carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes remains a challenge. Herein, we present a highly enantioselective synthesis route for fabricating all carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes via palladium-catalyzed carbene-based cross-coupling of benzyl bromides and N-arylsulfonylhydrazones. A wide range of nonplanar, saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives are efficiently prepared in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities using this approach. In addition, stereochemical stability experiments show that these saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives have high inversion barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Gao-Hui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Long Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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5
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Misselwitz E, Spengler J, Rominger F, Kivala M. Indenoannulated Tridecacyclene: An All-Carbon Seven-Stage Redox-Amphoter. Chemistry 2024:e202400696. [PMID: 38563636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We disclose an indenoannulated tridecacyclene comprising a central cyclooctatetraene moiety with multiple adjacent pentagonal rings which is accessible in a concise synthetic sequence. The saddle-shaped geometry of the non-benzenoid polycyclic scaffold and its unique packing behavior in the solid state were characterized by X-ray crystallography. In electrochemical studies, the compound undergoes seven reversible redox events comprising five reductions and two oxidations. The dicationic and dianionic species obtained by chemical oxidation and reduction, respectively, were characterized spectroscopically in solution. Density functional theory calculations were applied to provide insights into aromaticity evolution in the respective charged species, highlighting the beneficial effect of the non-benzenoid moieties on charge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Spengler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Gan F, Zhang G, Liang J, Shen C, Qiu H. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes with Dual Negatively Curved Heptagons: Extensive Synthesis and Spontaneous Resolution into Strippable Homochiral Lamellae with Helical Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320076. [PMID: 38230611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a unique category of π-extended diaza[7]helicenes with double negative curvatures. This is achieved by two-fold regioselective heptagonal cyclization of the oligoarylene-carbazole precursors through either intramolecular C-H arylation or Scholl reaction. The fusion of two heptagonal rings in the helical skeleton dramatically increases the intramolecular strain and forces the two terminal carbazole moieties to stack in a compressed fashion. The presence of the deformable negatively curved heptagonal rings endows the resulting diaza[7]helicenes with dynamic chiral skeletons, aggregation-induced emission feature and relatively low racemization barrier of ca. 25.6 kcal mol-1 . Further π-extension on the carbazole moieties subsequently leads to a more sophisticated C2 -symmetric homochiral triple helicene. Notably, these π-extended diaza[7]helicenes show structure-dependent stacking upon crystallization, switching from heterochiral packing to intra-layer homochiral stacking. Interestingly, the C2 -symmetric triple helicene molecules spontaneously resolve into a homochiral lamellar structure with 31 helix symmetry. Upon ultrasonication in a nonsolvent, the crystals can be readily exfoliated into large-area ultrathin nanosheets with height of ca. 4.4 nm corresponding to two layers of stacked triple helicene molecules and relatively thicker nanosheets constituted by even-numbered molecular lamellae. Moreover, regular hexagonal thin platelets with size larger than 30 μm can be readily fabricated by flash aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Ji B, Qi Z, Ye T, Li S, Shi Y, Cui S, Xiao J. Straightforward Synthesis of Pentagon-Embedded Expanded [11]Helicenes for Radiative Cooling Property. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302893. [PMID: 37867144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new pentagon-embedded carbo[11]helicenes have been designed and synthesized in a three-step process, which are the first example of carbo[11]helicenes through the post-functionalization of twistacene. TD-DFT analyses indicate that both of them possess high enantiomerization barriers of 42.29 kcal/mol and 40.76 kcal/mol, respectively. They emit strong red fluorescence and can be chemically oxidized into stable cationic radicals upon addition of AgSbF6 evidenced by the bathochromic-shifted absorption spectra and the appearance of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals. In addition, such helical derivatives can be chosen as radiative cooling materials in a glass model house, and the maxima of 5.4 °C for the former and 6.5 °C for the latter are found in the comparative tests, which might be caused by the NIR reflective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuangxuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Division of Analysis, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Co. Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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8
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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9
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David AG, Mañas-Torres MC, Codesal MD, López-Sicilia I, Martín-Romero MT, Camacho L, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Giner-Casares JJ, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Campaña AG. Supramolecular Large Nanosheets Assembled at Air/Water Interfaces and in Solution from Amphiphilic Heptagon-Containing Nanographenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:163-173. [PMID: 38087461 PMCID: PMC10777395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new set of amphiphilic saddle-shaped heptagon-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) functionalized with tetraethylene glycol chains and their self-assembly into large two-dimensional (2D) polymers. An in-depth analysis of the self-assembly mechanism at the air/water interface has been carried out, and the proposed arrangement models are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. Quite remarkably, the number and disposition of the tetraethylene glycol chains significantly influence the disposition of the PAHs at the interface and conditionate their packing under pressure. For the three compounds studied, we observed three different behaviors in which the aromatic core is parallel, perpendicular, and tilted with respect to the water surface. We also show that these curved PAHs are able to self-assemble in solution into remarkably large sheets of up to 150 μm2. These results show the relationship, within a family of curved nanographenes, between the monomer configuration and their self-assembly capacity in air/water interfaces and organic-water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur
H. G. David
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mari C. Mañas-Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcos D. Codesal
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene López-Sicilia
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Martín-Romero
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Camacho
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J. Giner-Casares
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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10
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Liu B, Chen M, Liu X, Fu R, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Zhang L. Bespoke Tailoring of Graphenoid Sheets: A Rippled Molecular Carbon Comprising Cyclically Fused Nonbenzenoid Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28137-28145. [PMID: 38095317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nonbenzenoid rings into the hexagonal networks of graphenoid nanostructures is of immense importance for electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties, but the underlying mechanisms of nonbenzenoid ring fusion are rather unexplored. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a rippled C84 molecular carbon, which contains 10 nonbenzenoid rings (five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings) that are contiguously fused to give a cyclic geometry. The fused nonbenzenoid rings impart high solubility, configurational stability, multiple reversible redox behaviors, unique aromaticity, and a narrow band gap to the system. Moreover, this carbon nanostructure allows for further functionalization via electrophilic substitution and metalation reactions, enabling access to finely tuned derivatives. Interestingly, both the bowl-shaped and planar conformations of the core in molecular carbon are observed in the solid state. Additionally, this molecular carbon displays ambipolar transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihua Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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11
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Sanil G, Krzeszewski M, Chaładaj W, Danikiewicz W, Knysh I, Dobrzycki Ł, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Cyrański MK, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Aryl Shift and Double Alkyne Benzannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311123. [PMID: 37823245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tandem intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes accompanied by a 1,2-aryl shift is described. Harnessing the unique electron-rich character of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, we demonstrate that the hydroarylation of alkynes proceeds at the already occupied positions 2 and 5 leading to a 1,2-aryl shift. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds only in the presence of cationic gold catalyst, and it leads to heretofore unknown π-expanded, centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The utility is verified in the preparation of 13 products that bear six conjugated rings. The observed compatibility with various functional groups allows for increased tunability with regard to the photophysical properties as well as providing sites for further functionalization. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of the six-membered rings accompanied with a 1,2-aryl shift is both kinetically and thermodynamically favourable over plausible formation of products containing 7-membered rings. Steady-state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S-shaped N-doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. Their optical properties are rationalized through time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Oró A, Romeo-Gella F, Perles J, Fernández-García JM, Corral I, Martín N. Tetrahedraphene: A Csp 3 -centered 3D Molecular Nanographene Showing Aggregation-Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312314. [PMID: 37846849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of 3D tetrakis(hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenyl)methane, "tetrahedraphene", is reported. This molecular nanographene constituted by four hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units attached to a central sp3 carbon atom, shows a highly symmetric arrangement of the HBC units disposed in the apex of a tetrahedron. The X-ray crystal structure reveals a tetrahedral symmetry of the molecule and the packing in the crystal is achieved mostly by CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions since the interstitial solvent molecules prevent the π⋅⋅⋅π interactions. In solution, tetrahedraphene shows the same electrochemical and photophysical properties as the hexa-t Bu-substituted HBC (t Bu-HBC) molecule. However, upon water addition, it undergoes a fluorescence change in solution and in the precipitated solid, showing an aggregation induced emission (AIE) process, probably derived from the restriction in the rotation and/or vibration of the HBCs. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal that upon aggregation, the high energy region of the emission band decreases in intensity, whereas the intensity of the red edge emission signal increases and presents a smoother decay, compared to the non-aggregated molecule. All in all, the excellent correlation between our simulations and the experimental findings allows explaining the colour change observed in the different solutions upon increasing the water fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Oró
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Romeo-Gella
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zhao M, Chen S, He C, Zhou Y. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Nitrogen-Boron-Nitrogen-Embedded Polycyclic π-System Containing a Pleiaheptalene Framework. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38015797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel polycyclic π-system (1) featuring both a pleiaheptalene framework (a three-fused heptagon system) and nitrogen-boron-nitrogen (NBN) unit was constructed by electrophilic borylation. A combined experimental and computational study demonstrated that 1 has a highly twisted π-backbone with approximate C2 symmetry, which can undergo conformational isomerization at room temperature in contrast to pleiaheptalene. It was also found that 1 can bind the fluoride ion in the solution, which induces changes in the absorption and emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chun He
- Apeloa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongyang, Zhejiang 322118, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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14
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Guo Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Han H, Petrukhina MA, Zhou Z. Stepwise deprotonation of truxene: structures, metal complexation, and charge-dependent optical properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13219-13227. [PMID: 38023520 PMCID: PMC10664571 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a planar subunit of C60-fullerene, truxene (C27H18) represents a highly symmetrical rigid hydrocarbon with strong blue emission. Herein, we used truxene as a model to investigate the chemical reactivity of a fullerene fragment with alkali metals. Monoanion, dianion, and trianion products with different alkali metal counterions were crystallized and fully characterized, revealing the core curvature dependence on charge and alkali metal coordination. Moreover, a 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance study coupled with computational analysis demonstrated that deprotonation of the aliphatic CH2 segments introduces aromaticity in the five-membered rings. Importantly, the UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence of truxenyl anions with different charges reveal intriguing charge-dependent optical properties, implying variation of the electronic structure based on the deprotonation process. An increase in aromaticity and π-conjugation yielded a red shift in the absorption and photoluminescent spectra; in particular, large Stokes shifts were observed in the truxenyl monoanion and dianion with high emission quantum yield and time of decay. Overall, stepwise deprotonation of truxene provides the first crystallographically characterized examples of truxenyl anions with three different charges and charge-dependent optical properties, pointing to their potential applications in carbon-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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15
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Kumar V, Bharathkumar HJ, Dongre SD, Gonnade R, Krishnamoorthy K, Babu SS. Isomer Effect on Energy Storage of π-Extended S-Shaped Double[6]Heterohelicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311657. [PMID: 37782466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral and nonplanar cutouts of graphene have been the favorites due to their unique optical, electronic, and redox properties and high solubility compared with their planar counterparts. Despite the remarkable progress in helicenes, π-extended heterohelicenes have not been widely explored. As an anode in a lithium-ion battery, the racemic mixture of π-extended double heterohelical nanographene containing thienothiophene core exhibited a high lithium storage capability, attaining a specific capacity of 424 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 with excellent rate capability and superior long-term cycling performance over 6000 cycles with negligible fade. As a first report, the π-extended helicene isomer (PP and MM), with the more interlayer distance that helps faster diffusion of ions, has exhibited a high capacity of 300 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 with long-term cycling performance over 1500 cycles compared to the less performing MP and PM isomer and racemic mixture (150 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ). As supported by single-crystal X-ray analysis, a unique molecular design of nanographenes with a fixed (helical) molecular geometry, avoiding restacking of the layers, renders better performance as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Interestingly, the recycled nanographene anode material displayed comparable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viksit Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - H J Bharathkumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sangram D Dongre
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Rajesh Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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16
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Borstelmann J, Bergner J, Rominger F, Kivala M. A Negatively Curved π-Expanded Pyracylene Comprising a Tropylium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312740. [PMID: 37739928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We disclose π-expanded pyracylenes and their cationic species comprising 7-membered rings. The compounds were synthesized by stepwise oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to monitor the effect of successive cyclization on the structural and optoelectronic properties. As shown by X-ray crystallography, the complete cyclization leads to a boat-shaped scaffold featuring negative curvature provided by the 7-membered ring. The embedded tropone unit enabled the convenient generation of a stabilized tropylium cation, showing bathochromically shifted absorption bands reaching into the near-infrared region beyond 1000 nm. The altered structural features, supported by theoretical calculations, point towards the positively charged 7-membered ring having aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Yamada KE, Stepek IA, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Heptagon-Containing Polyarenes by Catalytic C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311770. [PMID: 37902441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons incorporating non-hexagonal aromatic rings - such as five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings - have various intriguing physical properties such as curved structures, unique one-dimensional packing, and promising magnetic, optical, and conductivity properties. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic approach to polycyclic aromatics containing seven-membered rings via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ar-H/Ar-Br coupling. In addition to all-hydrocarbon scaffolds, heteroatom-embedded heptagon-containing polyarenes can be efficiently constructed with this method. Rhodium- and palladium-catalyzed sequential six- and seven-membered ring formations also afford complex heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons from readily available arylacetylenes and biphenyl boronic acids. Detailed mechanistic analysis by DFT calculations showed the feasibility of seven-membered ring formation by a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism. This reaction can serve as a template for the synthesis of a wide range of seven-membered ring-containing molecular nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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18
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Wang K, Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Aratani N, Osuka A, Song J. Post-Installation of Fused Benzoheptagons at the Periphery of NiII Porphyrins: Helical Structures and Conformation-Adjustable Fullerenes Binding. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301955. [PMID: 37518990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Fused-benzoheptagon-installed NiII porphyrins were synthesized by a protocol consisting of (2-formyl)arylation at the meso-position(s) of NiII porphyrins, conversion of formyl group to methoxyethene group by Wittig reaction, and final Bi(OTf)3 -catalyzed cyclization. The structures of these porphyrins have been revealed by X-ray analysis. Owing to the installed heptagon ring(s), these porphyrins show curved structures with conformational flexibility. Dimer has been shown to have a small activation barrier for inversion and to capture C60 and C70 with large association constants with adjustable conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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19
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Qi Z, Shang H, Ji B, Shi Y, Ye T, Li Y, Xiao J. Heptagon-Embedded Helicene Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structural Analyses, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14550-14558. [PMID: 37812747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Two pairs of isomers of heptagon-embedded helical arenes (3/6 and 10/13) have been strategically prepared, where the molecular structures of 3 and 13 have been identified through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of the heptagon unit on the physical properties of 3, 6, 10, and 13 is investigated in a comparative manner, and the results indicate that the optical enantiomers of 13 obtained from HPLC exhibit promising chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Shang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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20
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Wu MX, Li Y, Liu P, Shi X, Kang H, Zhao XL, Xu L, Li X, Fang J, Fang Z, Cheng Y, Yu H, Shi X, Yang HB. Functionalization of Pentacene: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309619. [PMID: 37610742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) starting from the functionalized pentacene was established. A series of novel PAHs 1-4 and their derivatives were synthesized through a simple two-step synthesis procedure involving an intramolecular reductive Friedel-Crafts cyclization of four newly synthesized pentacene aldehydes 5-8 as a key step. All the molecules were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied in detail. Interestingly, the most striking feature of 1-4 is their highly contorted carbon structures and the accompanying helical chirality. In particular, the optical resolution of 2 was successfully achieved by chiral-phase HPLC, and the enantiomers were characterized by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Despite the highly nonplanar conformations, these contorted PAHs exhibited emissive properties with moderate-to-good fluorescence quantum yields, implying the potential utility of this series PAHs as high-quality organic laser dyes. By using a self-assembly method with the help of epoxy resin, a bottle microlaser based on 3 a was successfully illustrated with a lasing wavelength of 567.8 nm at a threshold of 0.3 mJ/cm2 . We believe that this work will shed light on the chemical versatility of pentacene and its derivatives in the construction of novel functionalized PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yantong Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huakang Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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21
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Duan Y, Chen M, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Liu X, Zhang L. Buckybowl and its chiral hybrids featuring eight-membered rings and helicene units. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10420-10428. [PMID: 37800001 PMCID: PMC10548505 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of a novel buckybowl (7) with a high bowl-to-bowl inversion barrier (ΔG‡ = 38 kcal mol-1), which renders the rate of inversion slow enough at room temperature to establish two chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). By strategic fusion of eight-membered rings to the rim of 7, the chiral hybrids 8 and 9 are synthesized and display helicity and positive and negative curvature, allowing the enantiomers to be configurationally stable and their chiroptical properties are thoroughly examined. Computational and experimental studies reveal the enantiomerization mechanisms for the chiral hybrids and demonstrate that the eight-membered ring strongly affects the conformational stability. Because of its static and doubly curved conformation, 9 shows a high binding affinity towards C60. The OFET performance of 7-9 could be tuned and the hybrids show ambipolar characteristics. Notably, the 9·C60 cocrystal exhibits well-balanced ambipolar performance with electron and hole mobilities of up to 0.19 and 0.11 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. This is the first demonstration of a chiral curved PAH and its complex with C60 for organic devices. Our work presents new insight into buckybowl-based design of PAHs with configurational stability and intriguing optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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22
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Fu L, Liu P, Xue R, Tang XY, Cao J, Yao ZF, Liu Y, Yan S, Wang XY. Unravelling the Superiority of Nonbenzenoid Acepleiadylene as a Building Block for Organic Semiconducting Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306509. [PMID: 37417837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Acepleiadylene (APD), a nonbenzenoid isomer of pyrene, exhibits a unique charge-separated character with a large molecular dipole and a small optical gap. However, APD has never been explored in optoelectronic materials to take advantage of these appealing properties. Here, we employ APD as a building block in organic semiconducting materials for the first time, and unravel the superiority of nonbenzenoid APD in electronic applications. We have synthesized an APD derivative (APD-IID) with APD as the terminal donor moieties and isoindigo (IID) as the acceptor core. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that APD-IID has an obvious charge-separated structure and enhanced intermolecular interactions as compared with its pyrene-based isomers. As a result, APD-IID displays significantly higher hole mobilities than those of the pyrene-based counterparts. These results imply the advantages of employing APD in semiconducting materials and great potential of nonbenzenoid polycyclic arenes for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
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23
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Wang C, Deng Z, Phillips DL, Liu J. Extension of Non-alternant Nanographenes Containing Nitrogen-Doped Stone-Thrower-Wales Defects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306890. [PMID: 37421410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alternant topologies have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics in recent years. Here, three novel topological nanographenes molecular models of nitrogen-doped Stone-Thrower-Wales (S-T-W) defects were achieved through intramolecular direct arylation. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal analysis. Among them, threefold intramolecular direct arylation compound (C42 H21 N) is the largest nanographene bearing a N-doped non-alternant topology to date, in which the non-benzenoid rings account for 83 % of the total molecular skeleton. The absorption maxima of this compound was located in the near-infrared region with a long tail up to 900 nm, which was much longer than those reported for similarly sized N-doped nanographene with six-membered rings (C40 H15 N). In addition, the electronic energy gaps of these series compounds clearly decreased with the introduction of non-alternant topologies (from 2.27 eV to 1.50 eV). It is noteworthy that C42 H21 N possesses such a low energy gap (Eg opt =1.40 eV; Eg cv =1.50 eV), yet is highly stable under ambient conditions. Our work reported herein demonstrates that the non-alternant topology could significantly influence the electronic configurations of nanocarbons, where the introduction of a non-alternanting topology may be an effective way to narrow the energy gap without extending the molecular π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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24
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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25
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Diaz-Andres A, Marín-Beloqui J, Wang J, Liu J, Casado J, Casanova D. Rational design of anti-Kasha photoemission from a biazulene core embedded in an antiaromatic/aromatic hybrid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6420-6429. [PMID: 37325150 PMCID: PMC10266467 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The violation of the Kasha photoemission rule in organic molecules has intrigued chemists since their discovery, being always of relevance given its connection with unique electronic properties of molecules. However, an understanding of the molecular structure-anti-Kasha property relationship in organic materials has not been well-established, possibly because of the few existing cases available, limiting their prospective exploration and ad hoc design. Here we introduce a novel strategy to design organic emitters from high excited states combining intramolecular J-coupling of anti-Kasha chromophores with the hindering of vibrationally-induced non-radiative decay channels by enforcing molecular rigidity. We apply our approach to the integration of two antiparallel azulene units bridged with one heptalene all inserted into a polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbon (PCH). With the help of quantum chemistry calculations, we identify a suitable PCH embedding structure and predict its anti-Kasha emission from the third high energy excited singlet state. Finally, steady fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy studies corroborate the photophysical properties in a recently synthesized chemical derivative with this pre-designed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Diaz-Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
| | - Jose Marín-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Malaga Spain
| | - Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Malaga Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
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26
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Mahlmeister B, Schembri T, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Stolte M, Würthner F. Enantiopure J-Aggregate of Quaterrylene Bisimides for Strong Chiroptical NIR-Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be tailored for next-generation photonic materials by carefully designing their molecular as well as supramolecular architectures. Hence, excitonic coupling can boost the chiroptical response in extended aggregates but is still challenging to achieve by pure self-assembly. Whereas most reports on these potential materials cover the UV and visible spectral range, systems in the near infrared (NIR) are underdeveloped. We report a new quaterrylene bisimide derivative with a conformationally stable twisted π-backbone enabled by the sterical congestion of a fourfold bay-arylation. Rendering the π-subplanes accessible by small imide substituents allows for a slip-stacked chiral arrangement by kinetic self-assembly in low polarity solvents. The well dispersed solid-state aggregate reveals a sharp optical signature of strong J-type excitonic coupling in both absorption (897 nm) and emission (912 nm) far in the NIR region and reaches absorption dissymmetry factors up to 1.1 × 10-2. The structural elucidation was achieved by atomic force microscopy and single-crystal X-ray analysis which we combined to derive a structural model of a fourfold stranded enantiopure superhelix. We could deduce that the role of phenyl substituents is not only granting stable axial chirality but also guiding the chromophore into a chiral supramolecular arrangement needed for strong excitonic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schembri
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Sharma PK, Babbar A, Mallick D, Das S. Constructing 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10- e]acephenanthrylene for the Synthesis of a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Containing a Formal Azulene Unit. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5473-5482. [PMID: 37040656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
peri-Acenoacenes are attractive synthetic targets, but their non-benzenoid isomeric counterparts were unnoticed. 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10-e]acephenanthrylene 8 was synthesized and converted to azulene-embedded 9, which is a tribenzo-fused non-alternant isomeric motif of peri-anthracenoanthracene. Aromaticity and single-crystal analyses suggested a formal azulene core for 9, which showed a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap with a charge-transfer absorption band and brighter fluorescence than 8 (quantum yield (Φ): 9 = 41.8%, 8 = 8.9%). The reduction potentials of 8 and 9 were nearly identical, and the observations were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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29
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Fujishiro K, Morinaka Y, Ono Y, Tanaka T, Scott LT, Ito H, Itami K. Lithium-Mediated Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8163-8175. [PMID: 37011146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodehydrogenation is an essential synthetic method for the preparation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds, and nanographenes. Among the many examples, anionic cyclodehydrogenation using potassium(0) has attracted synthetic chemists because of its irreplaceable reactivity and utility in obtaining rylene structures from binaphthyl derivatives. However, existing methods are difficult to use in terms of practicality, pyrophoricity, and lack of scalability and applicability. Herein, we report the development of a lithium(0)-mediated mechanochemical anionic cyclodehydrogenation reaction for the first time. This reaction could be easily performed using a conventional and easy-to-handle lithium(0) wire at room temperature, even under air, and the reaction of 1,1'-binaphthyl is complete within 30 min to afford perylene in 94% yield. Using this novel and user-friendly protocol, we investigated substrate scope, reaction mechanism, and gram-scale synthesis. As a result, remarkable applicability and practicality over previous methods, as well as limitations, were comprehensively studied by computational studies and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated two-, three-, and five-fold cyclodehydrogenations for the synthesis of novel nanographenes. In particular, quinterrylene ([5]rylene or pentarylene), the longest nonsubstituted molecular rylene, was synthesized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Fujishiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuta Morinaka
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Yohei Ono
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Tosoh Corporation, 3-8-2 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8623, Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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30
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Saha PK, Mallick A, Turley AT, Bismillah AN, Danos A, Monkman AP, Avestro AJ, Yufit DS, McGonigal PR. Rupturing aromaticity by periphery overcrowding. Nat Chem 2023; 15:516-525. [PMID: 36879076 PMCID: PMC10070187 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The balance between strain relief and aromatic stabilization dictates the form and function of non-planar π-aromatics. Overcrowded systems are known to undergo geometric deformations, but the energetically favourable π-electron delocalization of their aromatic ring(s) is typically preserved. In this study we incremented the strain energy of an aromatic system beyond its aromatic stabilization energy, causing it to rearrange and its aromaticity to be ruptured. We noted that increasing the steric bulk around the periphery of π-extended tropylium rings leads them to deviate from planarity to form contorted conformations in which aromatic stabilization and strain are close in energy. Under increasing strain, the aromatic π-electron delocalization of the system is broken, leading to the formation of a non-aromatic, bicyclic analogue referred to as 'Dewar tropylium'. The aromatic and non-aromatic isomers have been found to exist in rapid equilibrium with one another. This investigation demarcates the extent of steric deformation tolerated by an aromatic carbocycle and thus provides direct experimental insights into the fundamental nature of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
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31
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Shu H, Guo M, Wang M, Fan S, Zhou M, Xu L, Rao Y, Osuka A, Song J. Rhodium-Catalyzed [5 + 2] Annulation of Pyrrole Appended BODIPYs: Access to Azepine-Fused BODIPYs. Org Lett 2023; 25:1817-1822. [PMID: 36920165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed C-H/N-H [5 + 2] annulations of 8-(pyrrol-2-yl)-appended boron-complexed dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) with internal alkynes have been established to afford a series of azepine-fused BODIPYs with good yields and excellent regioselectivity, in which the pyrrol-2-yl unit serves as the directing group as a rare example. A RhI intermediate was obtained to indicate a RhI/RhIII catalytic process involved in this reaction. Importantly, the [5 + 2] C-H annulation is demonstrated as a concise strategy to change the optical properties of BODIPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Machongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuibo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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32
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Gan F, Shen C, Cui W, Qiu H. [1,4]Diazocine-Embedded Electron-Rich Nanographenes with Cooperatively Dynamic Skeletons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5952-5959. [PMID: 36795894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Curved nanographenes (NGs) are emerging as promising candidates for organic optoelectronics, supramolecular materials, and biological applications. Here we report a distinctive type of curved NGs bearing a [1,4]diazocine core that is fused with four pentagonal rings. This is formed by Scholl-type cyclization of two adjacent carbazole moieties through an unusual diradical cation mechanism followed by C-H arylation. Owing to the strain in the unique 5-5-8-5-5-membered ring skeleton, the resulting NG adopts an interesting concave-convex cooperatively dynamic structure. By peripheral π-extension, a helicene moiety with fixed helical chirality can be further mounted to modulate the vibration of the concave-convex structure, through which the distant bay region of the curved NG inherits the chirality of the helicene moiety in a reversed fashion. The [1,4]diazocine-embedded NGs show typical electron-rich characteristics and form charge transfer complexes with tunable emissions with a series of electron acceptors. The relatively protruding armchair edge also allows the fusion of three NGs into a C2 symmetric triple diaza[7]helicene which reveals a subtle balance of fixed and dynamic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute of Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wenying Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute of Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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Ejlli B, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Ring-Expanding Rearrangement of Benzo-Fused Tris-Cycloheptenylenes towards Nonplanar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203735. [PMID: 36602008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A strongly twisted benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylene, containing three dibenzosuberenone units fused to a common benzene ring, was subjected to Ramirez olefination and subsequent palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. The high steric demand within the overcrowded, benzene-rich benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylenes enforced an unprecedented 1,2-rearrangement upon π-extension during the Suzuki coupling reaction. According to crystal structure analysis, the resulting negatively curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consist of two heptagons and one octagon surrounding a central benzene ring as a result of strain release. In the solid state, the materials exhibit a blue to blue-green fluorescence with increased quantum yields and a hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima compared to their respective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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34
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Wang W, Li X, Qi Z, Ji B, Wang Z, Wang S, Xiao J. Synthesis, Crystal Analysis, and Physical Properties of Double [6]helicene-Containing Heteroarenes with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Org Lett 2023; 25:1343-1347. [PMID: 36583556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two novel helical heteronanographenes bearing a [6]helicene unit (3a and 5a) have been synthesized, and their molecular structures are unambiguously determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the as-prepared compounds have isomerization barriers of 29.02 kcal/mol for 3a and 34.07 kcal/mol for 5a, respectively. Optical enantiomers of 5a exhibit appealing chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Zewei Qi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Zenghao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China
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35
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Zhang K, Hope PA, El Bitar Nehme M, Linden A, Spingler B, Rickhaus M. Azatriseptanes: Strained Framework Analogs of [7,7,7]Circulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203954. [PMID: 36542683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds are essential for understanding the effect of negative curvature on carbon allotropes such as fullerenes and graphenes that have applications in functional organic materials. However, owing to the synthetic difficulties in functionalizing and embedding seven-membered rings, these strain-challenged structures are relatively unexplored. We report here the synthesis, characterization, and properties of a triarylamine core bridged with ethano chains at the 2,2'-positions. In doing so, we provide access to the first heterocycle containing three fused heptagon rings with a nitrogen at its core (BATA-NHAc). X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations revealed a remarkably strained structure wherein two of the bridged aryl units approach coplanarity, while the third ring is twisted out of plane at 70°. UV-vis and emission spectroscopies identify red-shifted absorption and concentration-dependent emission profiles, respectively, as a result of the unique conformation and self-assembly properties of BATA-NHAc. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry shows a decrease in the oxidation potential for BATA-NHAc in comparison to the non-bridged analog. This study opens new avenues in understanding the structure-property relationships of curved π-aromatics and the construction of π-frameworks of increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mélissa El Bitar Nehme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Saddle-shaped aza-nanographene with multiple odd-membered rings. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2353-2360. [PMID: 36873850 PMCID: PMC9977460 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A saddle-shaped aza-nanographene containing a central 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) has been prepared via a rationally designed four-step synthetic pathway encompassing intramolecular direct arylation, the Scholl reaction, and finally photo-induced radical cyclization. The target non-alternant, nitrogen-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) incorporates two abutting pentagons between four adjacent heptagons forming unique 7-7-5-5-7-7 topology. Such a combination of odd-membered-ring defects entails a negative Gaussian curvature within its surface with a significant distortion from planarity (saddle height ≈ 4.3 Å). Its absorption and fluorescence maxima are located in the orange-red region, with weak emission originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that this stable under ambient conditions aza-nanographene underwent three fully reversible oxidation steps (two one-electron followed by one two-electron) with an exceptionally low first oxidation potential of E ox1 = -0.38 V (vs. Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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37
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Wang J, Gámez FG, Marín-Beloqui J, Diaz-Andres A, Miao X, Casanova D, Casado J, Liu J. Synthesis of a Dicyclohepta[a,g]heptalene-Containing Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbon and the Impact of Non-Alternant Topologies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217124. [PMID: 36511094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating non-hexagonal rings into polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) can significantly affect their electronic and optoelectronic properties and chemical reactivities. Here, we report the first bottom-up synthesis of a dicyclohepta[a,g]heptalene-embedded PCH (1) with four continuous heptagons, which are arranged in a "Z" shape. Compared with its structural isomer bischrysene 1 R with only hexagonal rings, compound 1 presents a distinct antiaromatic character, especially the inner heptalene core, which possesses clear antiaromatic nature. In addition, PCH 1 exhibits a narrower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap than its benzenoid contrast 1 R, as verified by experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. Our work reported herein not only provides a new way to synthesize novel PCHs with non-alternant topologies but also offers the possibility to tune their electronic and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fernando Gordillo Gámez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Marín-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Aitor Diaz-Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xiaohe Miao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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39
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Yang L, Ju YY, Medel MA, Fu Y, Komber H, Dmitrieva E, Zhang JJ, Obermann S, Campaña AG, Ma J, Feng X. Helical Bilayer Nonbenzenoid Nanographene Bearing a [10]Helicene with Two Embedded Heptagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216193. [PMID: 36413379 PMCID: PMC10107200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The precision synthesis of helical bilayer nanographenes (NGs) with new topology is of substantial interest because of their exotic physicochemical properties. However, helical bilayer NGs bearing non-hexagonal rings remain synthetically challenging. Here we present the efficient synthesis of the first helical bilayer nonbenzenoid nanographene (HBNG1) from a tailor-made azulene-embedded precursor, which contains a novel [10]helicene backbone with two embedded heptagons. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals its highly twisted bilayer geometry with a record small interlayer distance of 3.2 Å among the reported helical bilayer NGs. Notably, the close interlayer distance between the two layers offers intramolecular through-space conjugation as revealed by in situ spectroelectrochemistry studies together with DFT simulations. Furthermore, the chiroptical properties of the P/M enantiomers of HBNG1 are also evaluated by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang-Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Miguel A Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)., Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)., Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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41
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Pedersen VBR, Pedersen SK, Jin Z, Kofod N, Laursen BW, Baryshnikov GV, Nuckolls C, Pittelkow M. Electronic Materials: An Antiaromatic Propeller Made from the Four-Fold Fusion of Tetraoxa[8]circulene and Perylene Diimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212293. [PMID: 36173989 PMCID: PMC9828547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an antiaromatic tetraoxa[8]circulene annulated with four perylene diimides (PDI), giving a dynamic non-planar π-conjugated system, is described. The molecule contains 32 aromatic rings surrounding one formally antiaromatic planarized cyclooctatetraene (COT). The intense absorption (ϵ=3.35×105 M-1 cm-1 in CH2 Cl2 ) and emission bands are assigned to internal charge-transfer transitions in the combined PDI-circulene π-system. The spectroscopic data is supported by density functional theory calculations, and nuclear independent chemical shift calculation indicate that the antiaromatic COT has increased aromaticity in the reduced state. Electrochemical studies show that the compound can reversibly reach the tetra- and octa-anionic states by reduction of the four PDI units, and the deca-anionic state by reduction of the central COT ring. The material functions effectively in bulk hetero junction solar cells as a non-fullerene acceptor, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 6.4 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor B. R. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University3000 BroadwayNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Organic ElectronicsLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE-60174Sweden
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University3000 BroadwayNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
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42
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Schnitzlein M, Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. π-Extended Pleiadienes by [5+2] Annulation of 1-Boraphenalenes and ortho-Dihaloarenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202053. [PMID: 35921514 PMCID: PMC9804371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed [5+2] annulation of 1-boraphenalenes with ortho-dihaloarenes afforded negatively curved π-extended pleiadienes. Two benzo[1,2-i:4,5-i']dipleiadienes (BDPs) featuring a seven-six-seven-membered ring arrangement were synthesized and investigated. Their crystal structure revealed a unique packing arrangement and theoretical calculations were employed to shed light onto the dynamic behavior of the BDP moiety and its aromaticity. Further, a naphthalene-fused pleiadiene was stitched together by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to yield an additional five-membered ring. This formal azulene moiety led to distinct changes in optical and redox properties and increased perturbation of the aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnitzlein
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular SolidsMinistry of Educationand School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241002P. R. China
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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43
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Shu H, Guo M, Wang M, Zhou M, Zhou B, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Efficient Synthesis of Multiply Seven‐Membered‐Ring Fused Porphyrins by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [5+2] Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209594. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Machongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bixiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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44
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Bergner J, Walla C, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Kivala M. Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201554. [PMID: 35652474 PMCID: PMC9543126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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45
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Hong J, Xiao X, Liu H, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Yu Z, Li M, Ohto T, Liu J, Narita A, Liu P, Tada H, Cao X, Wang X, Zou Y, Müllen K, Hu Y. Controlling the Emissive, Chiroptical, and Electrochemical Properties of Double [7] Helicenes through Embedded Aromatic Rings. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202243. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Xuxian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zidong Yu
- College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐De Li
- College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 P. R. China
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son, Kunigami-gun Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Xiao‐Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
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46
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Wang W, Yuan Z, Wang S, Li X, Ji B, Xiao J. Effect of Annulation Mode of Twistarene on the Physical Property and Self‐Assembly Behavior of Functionalized Curved Aromatic Molecules. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201233. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
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47
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Wang S, Tang M, Wu L, Bian L, Jiang L, Liu J, Tang Z, Liang Y, Liu Z. Linear Nonalternant Isomers of Acenes Fusing Multiple Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205658. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Lifang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Zheng‐Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
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48
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Shu H, Guo M, Wang M, Zhou M, Zhou B, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Efficient Synthesis of Multiply Seven‐Membered‐Ring Fused Porphyrins by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [5+2] Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shu
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mengjie Guo
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Machongyang Wang
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bixiang Zhou
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ling Xu
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yutao Rao
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianxin Song
- Hunan Normal University Chemistry Yue Lu Qu Lushan Road 36 410081 Changsha CHINA
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49
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Delouche T, Hissler M, Bouit PA. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing heavy group 14 elements: From synthetic challenges to optoelectronic devices. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Kantarod K, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Surawatanawong P, Wattanathana W, Reutrakul V, Leowanawat P. Color-tunable emissive heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9468-9471. [PMID: 35894790 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides were developed as new push-pull fluorescent dyes through palladium-catalysed [4+3] annulation followed by nucleophilic substitution. The introduction of a seven-membered ring in these push-pull systems can efficiently modulate the optical properties leading to an enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.93 with color tunable emission covering the visible-NIR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritchasorn Kantarod
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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