1
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Deshwal S, Gopalakrishnan DK, Purohit A, Karmakar T, Vaitla J. Diastereoselective cyclopropanation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with vinyl sulfoxonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6294-6307. [PMID: 39045784 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a three-component stereoselective cyclopropanation of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides with indane 1,3-dione and aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to previous reports, the present work shows that electrophilic addition selectively takes place at the α-position of the vinyl sulfoxonium ylide. The interesting feature of this approach is that the multicomponent reaction selectively proceeds because of the difference in nucleophilic reactivity of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides and indane 1,3-dione with electrophilic partners, such as aldehydes and in situ generated arylidenes. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) studies were conducted to investigate the difference in the reactivity of these reactants, as well as to unveil the mechanism of this three-component reaction. Furthermore, non-covalent interactions of selectivity-determining transition states explain the origin of the diastereoselectivity of cyclopropanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Deshwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | | | - Alok Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Tarak Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Janakiram Vaitla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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2
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Li X, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Accessing elusive σ-type cyclopropenium cation equivalents through redox gold catalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:901-912. [PMID: 38783040 PMCID: PMC11164686 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropenes are the smallest unsaturated carbocycles. Removing one substituent from cyclopropenes leads to cyclopropenium cations (C3+ systems, CPCs). Stable aromatic π-type CPCs were discovered by Breslow in 1957 by removing a substituent on the aliphatic position. In contrast, σ-type CPCs-formally accessed by removing one substituent on the alkene-are unstable and relatively unexplored. Here we introduce electrophilic cyclopropenyl-gold(III) species as equivalents of σ-type CPCs, which can then react with terminal alkynes and vinylboronic acids. With catalyst loadings as low as 2 mol%, the synthesis of highly functionalized alkynyl- or alkenyl-cyclopropenes proceeded under mild conditions. A class of hypervalent iodine reagents-the cyclopropenyl benziodoxoles (CpBXs)-enabled the direct oxidation of gold(I) to gold(III) with concomitant transfer of a cyclopropenyl group. This protocol was general, tolerant to numerous functional groups and could be used for the late-stage modification of complex natural products, bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Suresh R, Orbach N, Marek I. Synthesis of Stereodefined Polysubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13748-13753. [PMID: 38722207 PMCID: PMC11117409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly diastereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclobutanes possessing up to three stereodefined quaternary centers and five substituents. Our strategy involves a diastereoselective carbometalation of cyclopropenes followed by a cyclization to furnish the bicyclobutane ring system. This straightforward approach allows for the incorporation of a diverse range of substituents and functional groups, notably without the need for electron-withdrawing functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Noam Orbach
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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4
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Zhang J, Xu W, Xu MH. Low Coordination State Rh I -Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction of penta-Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216799. [PMID: 36602264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, broad-scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of various tri-substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI -complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range of penta-substituted, fused-ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI -carbene-directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weici Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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5
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Mendel M, Gnägi L, Dabranskaya U, Schoenebeck F. Rapid and Modular Access to Vinyl Cyclopropanes Enabled by Air-stable Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211167. [PMID: 36226918 PMCID: PMC10107780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While vinyl cyclopropanes are valuable functional groups in drugs or natural products as well as established precursors to trigger a rich variety of synthetic transformations, their reactive nature can make their installation via direct catalytic approaches challenging. We herein present a modular access to (di)vinyl cyclopropanes under very mild conditions and full conservation of stereochemistry, allowing access to the cis or trans cyclopropane- as well as E or Z vinyl-stereochemical relationships. Our protocol relies on air-stable dinuclear PdI catalysis, which enables rapid (<30 min) and selective access to a diverse range of vinyl cyclopropane motifs at room temperature, even on gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Lars Gnägi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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6
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Chen X, Patel K, Marek I. Stereospecific nucleophilic substitution at quaternary carbon stereocenters of cyclopropyl carbinols. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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Cohen A, Siddaraju Y, Marek I. Directed Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation and Epoxidation of Alkenyl Cyclopropyl Carbinol Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:8322-8325. [PMID: 36354275 PMCID: PMC9743385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the directed diastereoselective Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation and vanadium-catalyzed epoxidation reactions of alkenyl cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives. The reaction furnished densely substituted stereodefined bicyclopropanes and cyclopropyl oxiranes as a single diastereomer in each case. The remarkable selectivity is obtained thanks to the rigidity of the cyclopropyl core, allowing diastereoselective reactions on the alkenyl moiety. This emphasizes the uniqueness of the cyclopropyl ring as a central platform in stereoselective synthesis.
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8
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Abstract
The various facets of the chemistry of cyclopropane derivatives, the smallest carbocycle, are amazingly diverse and continue to fascinate theoreticians, synthetic or structural chemists having interest in fundamental physical, medicinal chemistry, and natural product synthesis. The challenges generated by this intriguing cyclic arrangement of only three tetravalent carbons represent a wide area of the chemical spectrum. From fundamental aspects of bonding through the synthesis of highly strained molecules, the understanding of the mode of action in biological systems to the selective cleavage into acyclic substrates makes the chemistry of these small rings fascinating. Therefore, efficient routes to prepare differently polysubstituted cyclopropanes have always been of a primordial importance. In the past decade, we and others have expanded the scope of the carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes as a broad and general method to the formation of stereodefined cyclopropane derivatives. Although cyclopropenes, with their even higher strain energy, easily undergo addition reactions of organometallic reagents, their carbometalation reactions generate new regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity issues that needed to be addressed. These various stereochemical aspects accompanied our research from its origins to today, and we are proposing in this Account, a didactic overview of the different ways by which cyclopropenes can lead to the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes or open-products possessing several stereogenic centers as a single regio- and diastereomer.We initially launched our research campaign on the chemistry of these strained three-membered rings by the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropenyl carbinols. The directing alcohol governed both the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the addition and also served as a good leaving group as it undergoes a selective 1,2-elimination reaction to provide enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. Then, we turned our attention to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes through the diastereoselective addition to sp2- monosubstituted cyclopropenyl ester derivatives. With the aim to further expand this concept to the formation of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes as single isomer, we had first to design the preparation of the required 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropenes that would control the regioselective addition of the organometallic derivatives. The synthesis of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes was then reported for the first time as a single regio- and diastereomer. It should be noted that the in situ formed cyclopropyl-metal intermediate is configurationally stable and can be subsequently functionalized with pure retention of the configuration by addition of electrophiles. Then, the enantioselective-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of achiral cyclopropenes allowed the synthesis of several new classes of cyclopropane derivatives in high enantiomeric ratios. Finally, by combining the regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation reaction of a cyclopropene with a subsequent reaction of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species, a selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage was observed to lead to the preparation of acyclic substrates possessing several stereocenters including a quaternary carbon stereogenic center. Our original vision of using strain within an embedded double bond in a three-membered ring has provided new routes to the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes and has been extremely successful, as it represents a current new tool for the synthesis of persubstituted cyclopropanes as a single diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000 Israel
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9
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Tu HF, Jeandin A, Suero MG. Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclopropenium Cations with Rh-Carbynoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16737-16743. [PMID: 36074785 PMCID: PMC9501905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first catalytic one-step synthesis of cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) with readily available alkynes and hypervalent iodine reagents as carbyne sources. Key to the process is the catalytic generation of a novel Rh-carbynoid that formally transfers monovalent cationic carbynes (:+C-R) to alkynes via an oxidative [2+1] cycloaddition. Our process is able to synthesize a new type of CPC substituted with an ester group that underpins the regioselective attack of a broad range of carbon and heteroatomic nucleophiles, thus providing a new platform for the synthesis of valuable cyclopropenes difficult or not possible to make by current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aliénor Jeandin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos G. Suero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Abstract
![]()
A new approach to
polysubstituted spiropentanes is developed
through
a regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation of sp2-disubstituted
cyclopropenes. The control of selectivity originates from a combined syn-facial diastereoselective carbometalation with a regio-directed
addition. The regio-controlling element subsequently serves as a leaving
group in an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. This method
allows the preparation of various polysubstituted spiropentanes with
up to five contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Dor Toledano
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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11
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Augustin AU, Di Silvio S, Marek I. Borylated Cyclopropanes as Spring-Loaded Entities: Access to Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16298-16302. [PMID: 36041738 PMCID: PMC9479080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present the formation of acyclic frameworks
bearing
two consecutive stereocenters of either tertiary or quaternary nature
starting from easily accessible cyclopropenes. This holistic approach
involves a regio- and diastereoselective hydro- or carboborylation
of substituted cyclopropenyl esters. Formation of boronate complexes
of the latter via the addition of nucleophiles and subsequent stereospecific
1,2-migration with carbon–carbon bond cleavage delivered the
title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- André U Augustin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Sergio Di Silvio
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
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12
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Siddaraju Y, Sabbatani J, Cohen A, Marek I. Preparation of Distant Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Double Selective Ring-Opening of 1,1-Biscyclopropyl Methanol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203652. [PMID: 35521738 PMCID: PMC9401570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diastereoselective double carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes provides, in a single-pot operation, two ω-ene-[1,1]-bicyclopropyl ester derivatives. One regioisomer then undergoes a Pd-catalyzed addition of aryl iodide to provide skipped dienes possessing several distant stereocenters including two congested quaternary carbon centers with excellent diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Siddaraju
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion City3200009HaifaIsrael
| | - Juliette Sabbatani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion City3200009HaifaIsrael
| | - Anthony Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion City3200009HaifaIsrael
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion City3200009HaifaIsrael
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13
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Chen X, Marek I. Stereoinvertive Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203673. [PMID: 35471589 PMCID: PMC9324837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio- and diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of cyclopropyl ketones and cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives using TMSBr, DMPSCl and TMSN3 as nucleophiles has been developed. A variety of acyclic tertiary alkyl bromides, chlorides and azides were therefore prepared with excellent diastereopurity. The substitution occurs at the most substituted quaternary carbon center in a stereoinvertive manner, which may be attributed to the existence of a bicyclobutonium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa3200009Israel
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14
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Chen X, Marek I. Stereoinvertive Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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15
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Siddaraju Y, Sabbatani J, Cohen A, Marek I. Preparation of Distant Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Double Selective Ring‐Opening of 1,1‐Biscyclopropyl Methanol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Cohen
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Chemistry ISRAEL
| | - Ilan Marek
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion City 32000 Haifa ISRAEL
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16
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Zhou G, Shen X. Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalyzed [2+1] Cyclization of Alkynes and Trifluoroacetylsilanes. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1840-5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of common cyclopropenes has been widely studied, but the synthesis of cyclopropenols is a significant challenge. Herein, we highlight our recent work on the synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropenols through [2+1] cycloaddition reaction between alkynes and trifluoroacetylsilanes under visible-light-induced organocatalysis. The novel amphiphilic donor-acceptor carbenes derived from trifluoroacetylsilanes can react effectively with both activated and unactivated alkynes. Broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance have been achieved. Besides, the synthetic potential of this reaction was highlighted by a gram-scale reaction and the one-pot diastereoselective synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropanols.
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17
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Patel K, Lanke V, Marek I. Stereospecific Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters from Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7066-7071. [PMID: 35412821 PMCID: PMC9052742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Organoaluminum species
promote a smooth nucleophilic substitution
at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of stereodefined polysubstituted
cyclopropyl methyl phosphate with a complete inversion of configuration,
even when more reactive functional groups are present. The regio-
and diastereoselectivity of the substitution is attributed to the
existence of a bicyclobutonium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalendra Patel
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Veeranjaneyulu Lanke
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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18
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Cohen A, Kaushansky A, Marek I. Mechanistic Insights on the Selectivity of the Tandem Heck-Ring-Opening of Cyclopropyldiol Derivatives. JACS AU 2022; 2:687-696. [PMID: 35373195 PMCID: PMC8970019 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a new class of alkenyl cyclopropyl diols, easily available through a copper-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes, has enabled the study of key mechanistic aspects of the tandem Heck-cyclopropane ring-opening reaction. Utilizing these substrates containing two distinct hydroxyl groups allowed us to examine parameters affecting the reaction outcome and selectivity. The combination of these experimental results with detailed DFT studies shed light on the mechanism governing the regio- and stereoselectivity of the cyclopropane ring-opening. A thorough investigation displayed the dual roles fulfilled by the hydroxyl group during the reaction, which is key to this remarkable transformation. In addition to its mechanistic implication, the reaction granted access to various lactones possessing up to four stereocenters as a single diastereomer, conveniently prepared in only two catalytic steps from easily accessible achiral cyclopropenes.
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19
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Ning Y, Huo M, Wu L, Bi X. Silver-catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes with alkynyl N-nosylhydrazones leading to alkynyl cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3485-3488. [PMID: 35191450 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, a novel method for the stereoselective synthesis of alkynyl cyclopropanes, by the silver-catalyzed alkynylcyclopropanation of alkenes using alkynyl N-nosylhydrazones as alkynyl carbene precursors, is reported. This method provides a straightforward and powerful approach for preparing various alkynyl cyclopropanes in high yield with excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, the practicality of this method was demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and late-stage modification of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mengtian Huo
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Lizuo Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Zhou G, Shen X. Synthesis of Cyclopropenols Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalyzed [2+1] Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115334. [PMID: 34994996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of common cyclopropenes has been well studied, the access to cyclopropenols is rather limited. Herein, we report the first synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated cyclopropenols via 2+1 cycloaddition reactions between alkynes and trifluoroacylsilanes, enabled by visible-light-induced organocatalysis. The novel ambiphilic donor-acceptor carbenes derived from trifluoroacetylsilanes reacted efficiently with both activated and non-activated alkynes. The reaction features simple operation, mild conditions, broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential of the reaction is highlighted by the gram-scale reactions and first synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated cyclopropanols through the combination of the 2+1 cyclization and high diastereoselective hydrogenation reaction in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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21
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Chang TY, Adrion DM, Meyer AR, Lopez SA, Garcia-Garibay MA. A Green Chemistry Approach toward the Stereospecific Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Cyclopropanes via the Solid-State Photodenitrogenation of Crystalline 1-Pyrazolines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2277-2288. [PMID: 35041410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopropane ring features prominently in active pharmaceuticals, and this has spurred the development of synthetic methodologies that effectively incorporate this highly strained motif into such molecules. As such, elegant solutions to prepare densely functionalized cyclopropanes, particularly ones embedded within the core of complex structures, have become increasingly sought-after. Here we report the stereospecific synthesis of a set of cyclopropanes with vicinal quaternary stereocenters via the solvent-free solid-state photodenitrogenation of crystalline 1-pyrazolines. Density functional theory calculations at the M062X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory were used to determine the origin of regioselectivity for the synthesis of the 1-pyrazolines; favorable in-phase frontier molecular orbital interactions are responsible for the observation of a single pyrazoline regioisomer. It was also shown that the loss of N2 may take place via a highly selective solid-state thermal reaction. Scalability of the solid-state photoreaction is enabled through aqueous nanocrystalline suspensions, making this method a "greener" alternative to effectively facilitate the construction of cyclopropane-containing molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alana Rose Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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22
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Zhou G, Shen X. Synthesis of Cyclopropenols Enabled by Visible‐Light‐Induced Organocatalyzed [2+1] Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Wuhan University Institute for Advanced Studies CHINA
| | - Xiao Shen
- Wuhan University Institute for Advanced Studies 299 Bayi Road 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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23
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Cohen Y, Marek I. Directed Regioselective Carbometallation of 1,2-Dialkyl-Substituted Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26368-26372. [PMID: 34617656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of 1,2-dialkylated cyclopropenes is reported. The regioselectivity is controlled by a subtle tethered Lewis basic moiety. The chelating moieties allow the differentiation between two electronically tantamount organometallic intermediates. Further functionalization grants access to polysubstituted stereodefined cyclopropanes bearing up to five alkyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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24
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Cohen Y, Marek I. Directed Regioselective Carbometallation of 1,2‐Dialkyl‐Substituted Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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25
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Krieg SC, Grimmer J, Kramer P, Bolte M, Kelm H, Manolikakes G. Oxyenamides as Versatile Building Blocks for a Highly Stereoselective One-Pot Synthesis of the 1,3-Diamino-2-ol-Scaffold Containing Three Continuous Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23667-23671. [PMID: 34463410 PMCID: PMC8597051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective one-pot synthesis of the 1,3-diamino-2-alcohol unit bearing three continuous stereocenters is described. This method utilizes 2-oxyenamides as a novel type of building block for the rapid assembly of the 1,3-diamine scaffold containing an additional stereogenic oxygen functionality at the C2 position. A stereoselective preparation of the required (Z)-oxyenamides is reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara-Cathrin Krieg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jennifer Grimmer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Philipp Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Kelm
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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26
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Krieg S, Grimmer J, Kramer P, Bolte M, Kelm H, Manolikakes G. Oxyenamide als vielseitige Bausteine für eine hochgradig stereoselektive Eintopf‐Synthese der 1,3‐Diamino‐2‐ol‐Einheit mit drei fortlaufenden Stereozentren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara‐Cathrin Krieg
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Grimmer
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Philipp Kramer
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Harald Kelm
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
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27
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Mato M, Montesinos-Magraner M, Sugranyes AR, Echavarren AM. Rh(II)-Catalyzed Alkynylcyclopropanation of Alkenes by Decarbenation of Alkynylcycloheptatrienes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10760-10769. [PMID: 34236835 PMCID: PMC8299462 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkynylcyclopropanes have found promising applications in both organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry but remain rather underexplored due to the challenges associated with their preparation. We describe a convenient two-step methodology for the alkynylcyclopropanation of alkenes, based on the rhodium(II)-catalyzed decarbenation of 7-alkynyl cycloheptatrienes. The catalytic system employed circumvents a fundamental problem associated with these substrates, which usually evolve via 6-endo-dig cyclization or ring-contraction pathways under metal catalysis. This unique performance unlocks a rapid access to a diverse library of alkynylcyclopropanes (including derivatives of complex drug-like molecules), versatile intermediates that previously required much lengthier synthetic approaches. Combining experiments and DFT calculations, the complete mechanistic picture for the divergent reactivity of alkynylcycloheptatrienes under metal catalysis has been unveiled, rationalizing the unique selectivity displayed by rhodium(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arnau R. Sugranyes
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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