1
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Seong HG, Jin Z, Chen Z, Hu M, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Block Copolymers at the Interface of Immiscible Liquids: Adsorption and Lateral Packing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13000-13009. [PMID: 38710503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), having a hydrophilic bottlebrush polymer (BP) linked covalently to a hydrophobic BP, were found to segregate to liquid-liquid interfaces to minimize the free energy of the system. The key parameter influencing the outcome of the experiments is the ratio between the degree of polymerization of the backbone (NBB) and that of the side-chain brushes (NSC). Specifically, a spherical, star-like configuration results when NBB < NSC, while a cylindrical, bottlebrush-like shape is preferred when NBB > NSC. Dynamic interfacial tension (γ) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements show that the BBCP configuration influences the areal density and in-plane diffusion at the fluid interface. The characteristic relaxation times associated with BBCP adsorption (τA) and reorganization (τR) were determined by fitting time-dependent interfacial tension measurements to a sum of two exponential relaxation functions. Both τA and τR initially increased with NBB up to 92 repeat units, due to the larger hydrodynamic radius in solution and slower in-plane diffusivity, attributed to a shorter cross-sectional diameter of the side-chains near the block junction. This trend reversed at NBB = 190, with shorter τA and τR attributed to increased segregation strength and exposure of the bare water/toluene interface due to tilting and/or wiggling of the backbone chains, respectively. The adsorption energy barrier decreased with higher NBB, due to a reduced BBCP packing density at the fluid interface. This study provides fundamental insights into macromolecular assembly at fluid interfaces, as it pertains to unique bottlebrush block architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zichen Jin
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Liu W, Zang Z, Luo Y, Sun S, Zhang S, Russell TP, Shi S, Wu Z. Amphiphilic Polyphosphazene for Fluorocarbon Emulsion Stabilization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312275. [PMID: 38573924 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) have been of great interest for fabricating fluorinated porous polymers having controlled pore structures and excellent physicochemical properties. However, it remains a challenge to prepare stable fluorocarbon HIPEs, due to the lack of suitable surfactants. By randomly grating hydrophilic and fluorophilic side chains to polyphosphazene (PPZ), a comb-like amphiphilic PPZ surfactant with biodegradability is designed and synthesized for stabilizing water/fluorocarbon oil-based emulsions. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of PPZs can be controlled by tuning the grating ratio of the two side chains, leading to the preparation of stable water-in-oil HIPEs and oil-in-water emulsions, and the production of fluorinated porous polymers and particles by polymerizing the oil phase. These fluorinated porous polymers show excellent thermal stability and, due to the hydrophobicity and porous structure, applications in the field of oil/water separation can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiyi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuzheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Yan F, Hu L, Ji Z, Lyu Y, Chen S, Xu L, Hao J. Highly Interfacial Active Gemini Surfactants as Simple and Versatile Emulsifiers for Stabilizing, Lubricating and Structuring Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318926. [PMID: 38381597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To date, locking the shape of liquids into non-equilibrium states usually relies on jamming nanoparticle surfactants at an oil/water interface. Here we show that a synthetic water-soluble zwitterionic Gemini surfactant can serve as an alternative to nanoparticle surfactants for stabilizing, structuring and additionally lubricating liquids. By having a high binding energy comparable to amphiphilic nanoparticles at the paraffin oil/water interface, the surfactant can attain near-zero interfacial tensions and ultrahigh surface coverages after spontaneous adsorption. Owing to the strong association between neighboring surfactant molecules, closely packed monolayers with high mechanical elasticity can be generated at the oil/water interface, thus allowing the surfactant to produce not only ultra-stable emulsions but also structured liquids with various geometries by using extrusion printing and 3D printing techniques. By undergoing tribochemical reactions at its sulfonic terminus, the surfactant can endow the resultant emulsions with favorable lubricity even under high load-bearing conditions. Our study may provide new insights into creating complex liquid devices and new-generation lubricants capable of combining the characteristics of both liquid and solid lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Yan
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Lulin Hu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongying Ji
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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4
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Kelly MT, Zhao B. Worm-globule transition of amphiphilic pH-responsive heterografted bottlebrushes at air-water interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1224-1235. [PMID: 38230501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterografted molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) with side chains composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA, pKa = 7.4) have been shown to be efficient, robust, and responsive emulsifiers. However, it remains unknown how they respond to external stimuli at interfaces. In this work, the shape-changing behavior of six hetero- and homografted MBBs at air-water interfaces in response to pH changes and lateral compression was investigated using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and atomic force microscopy. At a surface pressure of 0.5 mN m-1, PDEAEMA-containing MBBs showed no worm-globule transitions when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0, at which PDEAEMA becomes insoluble in water. Upon lateral compression at pH 4.0, MBBs with a mole fraction of PDEAEMA side chains (xPDEAEMA) < 0.50 underwent pronounced worm-globule shape transitions; there was an increasing tendency for bottlebrushes to become connected with increasing xPDEAEMA. At xPDEAEMA = 0.76, the molecules remained wormlike even at high compression. These observations were presumably caused by the increased electrostatic repulsion between protonated PDEAEMA side chains in the subphase with increasing xPDEAEMA, hindering the shape change. At pH 10.0, MBBs with xPDEAEMA < 0.50 showed a lower tendency to change their wormlike morphologies upon compression than at pH 4.0. No shape transition was observed when xPDEAEMA > 0.50, attributed to the relatively high affinity toward water and the rigidity of PDEAEMA. This study revealed the shape-changing behavior of amphiphilic pH-responsive MBBs at air-water interfaces, which could be useful for future design of multicomponent MBBs for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Bak M, Mihály J, Gyulai G, Szalai I, Varga I, Mészáros R. Structuring liquids through solvent-assisted interfacial association of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and amphiphiles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1097-1104. [PMID: 37467638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Sculpting liquids into different shapes is usually based on the interfacial interactions of functionalized nanoparticles or polymers with specific ligands, leading to exciting material properties due to the combination of the mobility of liquid components with the solid-like characteristic of the arrested liquid/liquid interface. There is an intense interest in novel structured liquids produced from simple compounds with versatile application potentials. Complexes of oppositely charged commercial polyelectrolytes and traditional aliphatic surfactants are good candidates for this goal since they reveal rich structural features and could adsorb at various interfaces. However, they have not been applied yet for structuring liquids. EXPERIMENTS The interfacial interactions and film formation between aqueous sodium poly(styrene) sulfonate solutions (NaPSS) and hexadecylamine (HDA) solutions in various alkanols were investigated by surface tension measurements and ATR-IR spectroscopy. 3D printing experiments also assessed the robustness of the formed films. FINDINGS Arrested fatty alcohol/water interfaces were formed due to the interfacial association of NaPSS, HDA, and alkanol molecules, which also act as cosurfactants in the surface region. These solid films enable the synthesis of temperature-sensitive all-in-liquid constructs and offer alternatives to bulk polyion/mixed surfactant assemblies prepared earlier through numerous synthesis steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Bak
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gyulai
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - István Szalai
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Imre Varga
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Róbert Mészáros
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary; Department of Chemistry, J. Selye University, 945 01 Komárno, Slovakia.
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7
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Seong HG, Fink Z, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Polymers at Liquid Interfaces: Assembly Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, and All-Liquid Printed Constructs. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37490585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymer surfactants (BPSs), formed by the interfacial interactions between bottlebrush polymers (BPs) with poly(acrylic acid) side chains dissolved in an aqueous phase and amine-functionalized ligands dissolved in the oil phase, assemble and bind strongly to the fluid-fluid interface. The ratio between NBB (backbone degree of polymerization) and NSC (side chain degree of polymerization) defines the initial assembly kinetics, interface packing efficiency, and stress relaxation. The equilibrium interfacial tension (γ) increases when NBB < NSC, but decreases when NBB ≫ NSC, correlating to a pronounced change in the effective shape of the BPs from being spherical to worm-like structures. The apparent surface coverage (ASC), i.e., the interfacial packing efficiency, decreases as NBB increases. The dripping-to-jetting transition of an injected polymer solution, as well as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, revealed faster initial assembly kinetics for BPs with higher NBB. Euler buckling of BPS assemblies with different NBB values was used to characterize the stress relaxation behavior and bending modulus. The stress relaxation behavior was directly related to the ASC, reflecting the strong influence of macromolecular shape on packing efficiency. The bending modulus of BPSs decreases for NBB < NSC, but increased when NBB ≫ NSC, showing the effect of molecular architecture and multisite anchoring. All-liquid printed constructs with lower NBB BPs yielded more stable structured liquids, underscoring the importance of macromolecular packing efficiency at fluid interfaces. Overall, this work elucidates fundamental relationships between nanoscopic structures and macroscopic properties associated with various bottlebrush polymer architectures, which translate to the stabilization of all-fluidic printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zachary Fink
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Evaluation of interfacial, micellar, and foaming properties of the solutions comprising fluorocarbon surfactant, cocamidopropyl betaine, and Gleditsia saponin as fire-extinguishing agents. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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9
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Wang B, Yin B, Yu H, Zhang Z, Wang G, Shi S, Gu X, Yang W, Tang BZ, Russell TP. Interfacial Assembly and Jamming of Soft Nanoparticle Surfactants into Colloidosomes and Structured Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54287-54292. [PMID: 36440677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle surfactant (NPS) offers a powerful strategy to generate all-liquid constructs that integrate the inherent properties of the NPs into 3D architectures. Here, using the co-assembly of fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles and amine-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, the assembly and jamming behavior of a new type of NPS at the oil-water interface is uncovered. Unlike "solid" inorganic nanoparticles, "soft" polymeric nanoparticles can reorganize when jammed, leading to a relaxation and deformation of the interfacial assemblies, for example, the 3D printed sugar-coated haw stick-like liquid tubules. With NPS serving as emulsifiers, stable Pickering emulsions are prepared that can be converted into robust colloidosomes with pH responsiveness, showing numerous potential applications for encapsulation and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Gerdt P, Studer A. Alternating Terpolymers through Cyclopolymerization and Subsequent Orthogonal Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206964. [PMID: 35622377 PMCID: PMC9796892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of functionalized alternating copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization was developed. Copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer of hexenyl vinyl ether with a novel fluorinated divinyl monomer yields alternating cyclopolymers that can be chemoselectively modified by three distinct orthogonal functionalization reactions. Along the thiol-ene click reaction and amidation, a third functionalization was achieved via NHC-catalyzed transesterification or acylation resulting in a small library of ABC-type alternating terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gerdt
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
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11
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Gerdt P, Studer A. Alternating Terpolymers through Cyclopolymerization and Subsequent Orthogonal Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gerdt
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Fachbereich 12 Chemie und Pharmazie: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Fachbereich 12 Chemie und Pharmazie Chemistry and pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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12
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Seong HG, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Reconfiguration and Reorganization of Bottlebrush Polymer Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200530. [PMID: 35224828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush random copolymers (BRCPs), having randomly distributed hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains, are shown to reconfigure into hydrophilic-rich and hydrophobic-rich conformations at liquid-liquid interfaces to reduce interfacial energy. Both the degree of polymerization (NBB ) and extent of grafting in these BRCPs were found to impact surface coverage and assembly kinetics. The time-dependence of the interfacial tension is described as the sum of two exponential relaxation functions characterizing BRCP diffusion, interfacial adsorption, and reorganization. Interfacial tension (γ) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) results showed that higher molecular weight BRCPs require longer time to adsorb to the water-oil interface, but less time for interfacial reorganization. Overall, this work describes fundamental principles of BRCP assembly at liquid-liquid interfaces, with implications pertaining to polymer design with enhanced understanding of emulsification, adhesion, and related properties in fluids and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Lian X, Song C, Wang Y. Regulating the Oil-Water Interface to Construct Double Emulsions: Current Understanding and Their Biomedical Applications. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Seong H, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Reconfiguration and Reorganization of Bottlebrush Polymer Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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15
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Wang B, Yin B, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Russell TP, Shi S. The Assembly and Jamming of Nanoparticle Surfactants at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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16
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Wang B, Yin B, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Russell TP, Shi S. The Assembly and Jamming of Nanoparticle Surfactants at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114936. [PMID: 34964229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Using the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and polymeric ligands to generate nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at the liquid-liquid interface, the binding energy of the NP to the interface can be significantly increased, irreversibly binding the NPSs to the interface. By designing a simplified NPS model, where the NP size can be precisely controlled and the characteristic fluorescence of the NPs be used as a direct probe of their spatial distribution, we provide new insights into the attachment mechanism of NPSs at the liquid-liquid interface. We find that the binding energy of NPSs to the interface can be reduced by competitive ligands, resulting in the dissociation and disassembly of NPSs at the interface, and allowing the construction of responsive, reconfigurable all-liquid systems. Smaller NPSs that are loosely packed (unjammed) and irreversibly bound to the interface can be displaced by larger NPSs, giving rise to a size-dependent assembly of NPSs at the interface. However, when the smaller size NPSs are densely packed and jam at the interface, the size-dependent assembly of NPSs at the interface can be completely suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing city Chaoyang District North Third Ring Road 15, 100029, Beijing, CHINA
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17
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Sun S, Xie C, Chen J, Yang Y, Li H, Russell TP, Shi S. Responsive Interfacial Assemblies Based on Charge-Transfer Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26363-26367. [PMID: 34687127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) interactions have been widely used to construct supramolecular systems, such as functional nanostructures and gels. However, to date, there is no report on the generation of CT complexes at the liquid-liquid interface. Here, by using an electron-deficient acceptor dissolved in water and an electron-rich donor dissolved in oil, we present the in situ formation and assembly of CT complex surfactants (CTCSs) at the oil-water interface. With time, CTCSs can assemble into higher-order nanofilms with exceptional mechanical properties, allowing the stabilization of liquids and offering the possibility to structure liquids into nonequilibrium shapes. Moreover, due to the redox-responsiveness of the electron-deficient acceptor, the association and dissociation of CTCSs can be reversibly manipulated in a redox process, leading to the switchable assembly and disassembly of the resultant constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chenxia Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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18
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Sun S, Xie C, Chen J, Yang Y, Li H, Russell TP, Shi S. Responsive Interfacial Assemblies Based on Charge‐Transfer Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chenxia Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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