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Kadiyam RK, Sangolkar AA, Faizan M, Pawar R. Bispericyclic Ambimodal Dimerization of Pentafulvene: The Origin of Asynchronicity and Kinetic Selectivity of the Endo Transition State. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6813-6825. [PMID: 38661667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The propensity of fulvenes to undergo dimerization has long been known, although the in-depth mechanism and electronic behavior during dimerization are still elusive. Herein, we made an attempt to gain insights into the reactivity of pentafulvene for Diels-Alder (DA) and [6 + 4]-cycloadditions via conventional and ambimodal routes. The result emphasizes that pentafulvene dimerization preferentially proceeds through a unique bifurcation mechanism where two DA pathways merge together to produce two degenerate [4 + 2]-cycloadducts from a single TS. Despite the [6 + 4]-cycloadduct being thermodynamically preferred, [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions are kinetically driven. Singlet biradicaloid is involved in through-space 6e- delocalization as a secondary orbital interaction that originates asynchronicity and stabilizes the bispericyclic transition state (TS). The transformation of various actively participating intrinsic bonding orbitals (IBOs) unambiguously forecasts the formation of multiple products from a single TS and rationalizes the mechanism of ambimodal reactions that are rather difficult to probe with other analyses. The changes in active IBOs clearly distinguish the conventional reactions from bifurcation reactions and can be employed to characterize and confirm the ambimodal mechanism. This report gains a crucial theoretical insight into the mechanism of bifurcation, the origin of asynchronicity, and electronic behavior in ambimodal TS, which will certainly be of enormous value for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Kadiyam
- Laboratory of Advanced Computation and Theory for Materials and Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Akanksha Ashok Sangolkar
- Laboratory of Advanced Computation and Theory for Materials and Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Mohmmad Faizan
- Laboratory of Advanced Computation and Theory for Materials and Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Ravinder Pawar
- Laboratory of Advanced Computation and Theory for Materials and Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
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Barløse CL, Faghtmann J, Kaasik M, Mastroddi R, Jørgensen KA. Exploring Heterotropones and Examining Their Propensity to Undergo [4 + 2] Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:1539-1543. [PMID: 38364106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient strategy to obtain a broad array of chiral and achiral heterotropones and their corresponding [4 + 2] cycloadducts is disclosed. This strategy enables access to unique heterotropones and intricate bicyclic structures in high yields and diastereoselectivities through a simple procedure and from easily accessible starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Faghtmann
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Roberta Mastroddi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kaasik M, Chen PP, Ričko S, Jørgensen KA, Houk KN. Asymmetric [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [6 + 4] Cycloadditions of Isomeric Formyl Cycloheptatrienes Catalyzed by a Chiral Diamine Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23874-23890. [PMID: 37862136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel asymmetric aminocatalytic cycloadditions are described between formyl cycloheptatrienes and 6,6-dimethylfulvene that lead to [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadducts. The unprecedented reaction course is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality in the cycloheptatriene core, and each formyl cycloheptatriene isomer displays a distinct reactivity pattern. The formyl cycloheptatriene isomers are activated by a chiral primary diamine catalyst, and the activation mode is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality relative to the cycloheptatriene core. The [4 + 2] and [6 + 2] cycloadducts are formed via rare iminocatalytic inverse electron-demand cycloadditions, while the [4 + 6] cycloadduct is formed by a normal electron-demand cycloaddition. The reactivity displayed by the different formyl cycloheptatrienes was investigated by DFT calculations. These computational studies account for the different reaction paths for the three isomeric formyl cycloheptatrienes. The aminocatalytic [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadditions proceed by stepwise processes, and the interplay between conjugation, substrate distortion, and dispersive interactions between the fulvene and aminocatalyst mainly defines the outcome of each cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sebastijan Ričko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Mechanistic elucidation of Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions between quinoflavonoid and substituted butadiene using LOL, ELF, QTAIM, and DFT studies. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207004. [PMID: 35670364 PMCID: PMC9401604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic synthetic strategy has resulted in a two‐step total synthesis of (±)‐ulodione A and the prediction of two potential natural products, (±)‐ulodiones C and D. This work was guided by computational investigations into the selectivity of a proposed biosynthetic Diels–Alder dimerization, which was then utilized in the chemical synthesis. This work highlights how biosynthetic considerations can both guide the design of efficient synthetic strategies and lead to the anticipation of new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David J. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Helen E. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- Current address: Oncology R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Panagiotis G. Kalomenopoulos
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- Current address: Process Chemistry Pharmaron Hoddesdon EN11 9FH UK
| | - Rafal Szabla
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wrocław Poland
| | - Andrew L. Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David J. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Helen E. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Rafal Szabla
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology: Politechnika Wroclawska Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry POLAND
| | - Andrew Leslie Lawrence
- University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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Ito T, Maeda S, Harabuchi Y. Kinetic Analysis of a Reaction Path Network Including Ambimodal Transition States: A Case Study of an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1663-1671. [PMID: 35099971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a methodology for the kinetic analysis of a reaction path network including ambimodal transition states (TSs), through which an ensemble of trajectories bifurcates to multiple minima in a phenomenon called dynamical bifurcation. The proposed methodology consists of three techniques: an automated reaction path search to construct a reaction path network including ambimodal TSs, an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate the branching ratio, and the definition of rate constants incorporating this ratio. Applying the procedure to a Diels-Alder reaction, it was found that the inclusion of dynamical bifurcations is necessary to explain the experimental reaction yield of a byproduct. In addition, it was verified that the products take 1013 s to reach thermal equilibrium and that the experimental selectivity is determined by the dynamical bifurcations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Zhu M, Zheng C. Post-spin crossing dynamics determine the regioselectivity in open-shell singlet biradical recombination. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01757h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive computational studies reveal unique dynamic effects in a multi-spin-state reaction that determine the regioselectivity of a biradical recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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