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Jin L, Li Y, Mao Y, He XB, Lu Z, Zhang Q, Shi BF. Chiral dinitrogen ligand enabled asymmetric Pd/norbornene cooperative catalysis toward the assembly of C-N axially chiral scaffolds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4908. [PMID: 38851721 PMCID: PMC11162495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
C - N axially chiral compounds have recently attracted significant interest among synthetic chemistry community due to their widespread application in pharmaceuticals, advanced materials and organic synthesis. Although the emerging asymmetric Catellani reaction offers great opportunity for their modular and efficient preparation, the only operative chiral NBE strategy to date requires using half stoichiometric amount of chiral NBE and 2,6-disubstituted bromoarenes as electrophiles. We herein report an efficient assembly of C-N axially chiral scaffolds through a distinct chiral ligand strategy. The crucial chiral source, a biimidazoline (BiIM) chiral dinitrogen ligand, is used in relatively low loading and permits the use of less bulky bromoarenes. The method also features the use of feedstock plain NBE, high reactivity, good enantioselectivity, ease of operation and scale-up. Applications in the preparation of chiral optoelectronic material candidates featuring two C-N chiral axes and a chiral ligand for asymmetric C-H activation have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bao He
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Choi S, Dong G. Rapid and Modular Access to Multifunctionalized 1,2-Azaborines via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9512-9518. [PMID: 38551167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Azaborines, a unique class of BN-isosteres of benzene, have attracted great interest across several fields. While significant advancements have been made in the postfunctionalization of 1,2-azaborines, challenges still exist for the selective functionalization of the C4 position and access to 1,2-azaborines with five or six independently installed substituents. Here we report a rapid and modular method for C3 and C4 difunctionalization of 1,2-azaborines using the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. Enabled by the C2 amide-substituted NBE, diverse 3-iodo-1,2-azaborines can be used as substrates, showing broad functional group tolerance. Besides ortho arylation, preliminary success of ortho alkylation has also been realized. In addition, a range of alkenes and nucleophiles can be employed for ipso C3 functionalization. The reaction is scalable, and various postfunctionalizations, including forming hexa-substituted 1,2-azaborines, have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Niu ZJ, Li ZM, Li Q, Shi WY, Ding T, Liu XY, Liang YM. A Practical and Regioselective Strategy for Aromatic C-H Difunctionalization via Site-Selective C-H Thianthrenation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1813-1818. [PMID: 38386925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel Catellani-type reaction that employed aryl-thianthrenium salts as aryl substrates to trigger the subsequent palladium/norbornene cooperatively catalyzed progress. This strategy can achieve site-selective C-H difunctionalization of aryl compounds without directing groups or a known initiating reagent. A series of functionalized syntheses of bioactive molecules further demonstrated the potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuo-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Sukowski V, van Borselen M, Mathew S, de Bruin B, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. meta-C-H Arylation of Aniline Derivatives via Palladium/ S,O-Ligand/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317741. [PMID: 38079090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines are ubiquitous moieties in organic molecules and their direct functionalization is of great interest in many research areas due to their prevalence in pharmaceuticals and organic electronics. While several synthetic tools exist for the ortho- and para-functionalization of anilines, the functionalization of the less reactive meta-position is not easy to achieve with current methods. To date, the meta-C-H arylation of aniline derivatives has been restricted to either the use of directing groups & templates, or their transformation into anilides & quaternary anilinium salts. Herein, we report the first general and efficient meta-C-H-arylation of non-directed aniline derivatives via cooperative catalysis with a palladium-S,O-ligand-norbornene system. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of aniline derivatives and aryl iodides, while being operationally simple and scalable. Our preliminary mechanistic investigation-including the isolation of several palladium complexes and deuterium experiments-reveal useful insights into the substituent-effects of both the aniline-substrate and the norbornene-mediator during the meta-C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sukowski
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela van Borselen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Qi X, Li R, Liu P, Dong G. Palladium/Norbornene-Catalyzed Direct Vicinal Di-Carbo-Functionalization of Indoles: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310697. [PMID: 37672173 PMCID: PMC10591888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods that can simultaneously install multiple different functional groups to heteroarenes via C-H functionalizations are valuable for complex molecule synthesis, which, however, remain challenging to realize. Here we report the development of vicinal di-carbo-functionalization of indoles in a site- and regioselective manner, enabled by the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. The reaction is initiated by the Pd(II)-mediated C3-metalation and specifically promoted by the C1-substituted NBEs. The mild, scalable, and robust reaction conditions allow for a good substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The resulting C2-arylated C3-alkenylated indoles can be converted to diverse synthetically useful scaffolds. The combined experimental and computational mechanistic study reveals the unique role of the C1-substituted NBE in accelerating the turnover-limiting oxidative addition step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Renhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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6
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Sumida A, Ogawa K, Imoto H, Naka K. Steric and electronic effects of arsa-Buchwald ligands on Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2838-2844. [PMID: 36756968 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction is one of the most commonly used cross-coupling reactions. Bulky biaryldialkyl monophosphine ligands, i.e., Buchwald ligands, are beneficial for the SMC reaction. We recently developed a synthetic procedure for arsa-Buchwald ligands, arsenic analogs of Buchwald ligands, and found that these ligands are effective for sterically hindered substrates because of facilitating the transmetalation step owing to the longer arsenic-palladium bond. However, the relationship between the structure and steric/electronic properties of the arsa-Buchwald ligands has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, a series of arsa-Buchwald ligands with various alkyl substituents were synthesized. The cyclopentyl group afforded the highest catalytic activity for the SMC reaction, particularly with sterically hindered substrates. Furthermore, the steric/electronic properties of the arsa-Buchwald ligands were computationally analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenta Ogawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. .,Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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7
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Recent progress on Catellani reaction. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Sumida A, Imoto H, Naka K. Synthetic Strategy for AB 2-Type Arsines via Bidentate Dithiolate Leaving Groups. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17419-17426. [PMID: 36206531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite their potential for several transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, arsenic ligands are poorly diversified. In this work, we developed an efficient synthetic methodology for AB2-type ligands, which is a typical motif in phosphorus systems, for example, in Buchwald ligands. The introduction of 1,2-benzenedithiol to tribromoarsine reduces the reactivity of two of the three reaction sites. After the substitution reaction with the first nucleophile involving the elimination of bromide, the substitution reaction with the second nucleophile produced AB2-type arsines through the elimination of the dithiolate anion. Among the various types of obtained AB2-type arsines, the arsa-Buchwald ligands, which are arsenic analogues of Buchwald ligands, were applied to the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Some of the arsa-Buchwald ligands showed activity comparable to that of the well-known Buchwald ligand, SPhos. Furthermore, the arsenic analogue of SPhos showed higher activity and stability than SPhos under open-air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.,Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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9
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Sukowski V, van Borselen M, Mathew S, Fernández‐Ibáñez MÁ. S,O‐Ligand Promoted
meta
‐C−H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201750. [PMID: 35639463 PMCID: PMC9401001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reversing the conventional site‐selectivity of C−H activation processes provides new retrosynthetic disconnections to otherwise unreactive bonds. Here, we report a new catalytic system based on palladium/norbornene and an S,O‐ligand for the meta‐C−H arylation of aryl ethers that significantly outperforms previously reported systems. We demonstrate the unique ability of this system to employ alkoxyarene substrates bearing electron donating and withdrawing substituents. Additionally, ortho‐substituted aryl ethers are well tolerated, overcoming the “ortho constraint”, which is the necessity to have a meta‐substituent on the alkoxyarene to achieve high reaction efficiency, by enlisting novel norbornene mediators. Remarkably, for the first time the monoarylation of alkoxyarenes is achieved efficiently enabling the subsequent introduction of a second, different aryl coupling partner to rapidly furnish unsymmetrical terphenyls. Further insight into the reaction mechanism was achieved by isolation and characterization of some Pd‐complexes—before and after meta C−H activation—prior to evaluation of their respective catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sukowski
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Manuela van Borselen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Ángeles Fernández‐Ibáñez
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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10
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Sukowski V, van Borselen M, Mathew S, Fernández‐Ibáñez MÁ. S,O‐Ligand Promoted
meta
‐C−H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sukowski
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Manuela van Borselen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Ángeles Fernández‐Ibáñez
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang J, Xie M, Wu J, Li Y, Sun P, Zhang Y. Access to Functionalized Pyrrolophenanthridine via an ortho C-H Amination/Interannular C-H Arylation Cascade of N-Arylpyrroles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Brandes DS, Muma AD, Ellman JA. Synthesis of α-Branched Amines by Three- and Four-Component C-H Functionalization Employing a Readily Diversifiable Hydrazone Directing Group. Org Lett 2021; 23:9597-9601. [PMID: 34881902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of α-branched amines by three- and four-component C-H functionalization employing a diversifiable hydrazone directing group have been developed. The hydrazone in the α-branched amine products has been readily converted to multiple desirable functionalities such as a nitrile, a carboxylic acid, alkenes, and heterocycles using diverse heterolytic chemistry and homolytic transition metal- or photoredox-catalyzed processes. This study represents the first example of a four-component C-H functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Brandes
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alex D Muma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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