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Shayan M, Abdollahi MF, Lawrence MC, Guinand EC, Goulet M, George T, Masuda JD, Katz MJ, Laventure A, Werner-Zwanziger U, Chitnis SS. Rigid PN cages as 3-dimensional building blocks for crystalline or amorphous networked materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2629-2632. [PMID: 38345342 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional covalent connectors are valuable synthons for accessing crystalline or amorphous networks. Currently, fused polycyclic alkanes are employed as connectors in this context. We debut phosphorus-nitrogen (PN) cages as new 3-dimensional (3-D) inorganic connectors that yield crystalline and amorphous networks, including examples with gas porosity. We show that the high tunability of PN cages accelerates network diversification and the presence of a responsive 31P NMR spectroscopic handle provides structural insight. Collectively, this work unlocks a new and convenient 3-D synthon for reticular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shayan
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Maryam F Abdollahi
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mason Chester Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland 45 Arctic Avenue, St. Johns, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Etienne C Guinand
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland 45 Arctic Avenue, St. Johns, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Maxime Goulet
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Tanner George
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Jason D Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Michael J Katz
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland 45 Arctic Avenue, St. Johns, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Audrey Laventure
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Land MA, Ren J, Roberts NJ, Bamford KL, Shayan M, Kutulska A, George T, Masuda JD, Chitnis SS. An Improved Synthesis of PN-adamantanoid Cages P 4 (NR) 6 and a Mechanistic Study of their Fourfold Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300561. [PMID: 37497841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-nitrogen (PN) adamantanoid cages are valuable precursors for materials chemistry, but their syntheses are based on harsh methods that sometimes require access to restricted reagents. We report a new and scalable synthesis of PN adamantanoid compounds by chlorosilane elimination between bis-silylated amines and phosphorus trichloride. We further study the mechanism of the recently-reported four-fold oxidation of such cages with Me3 SiN3 to yield tetravalent tetrahedral connectors for materials chemistry. Reaction monitoring and kinetic modelling revealed the key rate-limiting step, but attempts to accelerate this using Lewis acid additives were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, a new four-fold oxidized PN-adamantanoid cage has been prepared and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Land
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jincheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karlee L Bamford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shayan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anastasiia Kutulska
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanner George
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Jason D Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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3
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Bedard J, Linford-Wood TG, Thompson BC, Werner-Zwanziger U, Marczenko KM, Musgrave RA, Chitnis SS. A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7569-7579. [PMID: 36961918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
While polymers containing chain or ring motifs in their backbone are ubiquitous, those containing well-defined molecular cages are very rare and essentially unknown for the inorganic elements. We report that a rigid and dinucleophilic cage (PNSiMe3)2(NMe)6, which is chemically robust and accessible on a multi-gram scale from commercial precursors, serves as a linear and divalent connector that forms cage-dense inorganic materials. Reaction of the cage with various ditopic P(III) dihalide comonomers proceeded via Me3SiCl elimination to give high molecular weight (30 000-70 000 g mol-1), solution-processable polymers that form free-standing films. The end groups of the polymers could be tuned to engender orthogonal reactivity and form block copolymers. Networked cage-dense materials could be accessed by using PCl3 as a tritopic P(III) linker. Detailed mechanistic studies implicate a stepwise polycondensation that proceeds via phosphino-phosphonium ion intermediates, prior to Me3SiCl loss. Thus, metathesis between the dinucleophilic cage and polyhalides represents a general strategy to making cage-dense polymers, setting the stage for systematically understanding the consequences of the three-dimensional microstructure on macroscopic material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bedard
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Thomas G Linford-Wood
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Benedict C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Katherine M Marczenko
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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4
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Siu TC, Imex Aguirre Cardenas M, Seo J, Boctor K, Shimono MG, Tran IT, Carta V, Su TA. Site‐Selective Functionalization of Sila‐Adamantane and Its Ensuing Optical Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206877. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Siu
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | | | - Jacob Seo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Kirllos Boctor
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Miku G. Shimono
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Isabelle T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Timothy A. Su
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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Siu TC, Imex Aguirre Cardenas M, Seo J, Boctor K, Shimono MG, Tran IT, Carta V, Su TA. Site‐Selective Functionalization of Sila‐Adamantane and Its Ensuing Optical Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Siu
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | | | - Jacob Seo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Kirllos Boctor
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Miku G. Shimono
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Isabelle T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Timothy A. Su
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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