1
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Zhao Z, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhu T, Chen X, Yuan WZ. Photochromic luminescence of organic crystals arising from subtle molecular rearrangement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5054. [PMID: 38871698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) colour-changing materials in response to photostimulus play an increasingly significant role in intelligent applications for their programmability. Nevertheless, current research mainly focuses on photochemical processes, with less attention to PL transformation through uniform aggregation mode adjustment. Here we show photochromic luminescence in organic crystals (e.g. dimethyl terephthalate) with PL varying from dark blue to purple, then to bright orange-red, and finally to red. This change is attributed to the emergence of clusters with red emission, which is barely achieved in single-benzene-based structures, thanks to the subtle molecular rearrangements prompted by light. Crucial to this process are the through-space electron interactions among molecules and moderate short contacts between ester groups. The irradiated crystals exhibit reversible PL transformation upon sufficient relaxation, showing promising applications in information storage and smart optoelectronic devices. This research contributes to the development of smart photochromic luminescent materials with significant PL colour transformations through molecular rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusong Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anze Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Lu G, Tan J, Wang H, Man Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Delayed room temperature phosphorescence enabled by phosphines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3705. [PMID: 38697970 PMCID: PMC11066103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) usually emerges instantly and immediately decays after excitation removal. Here we report a new delayed RTP that is postponed by dozens of milliseconds after excitation removal and decays in two steps including an initial increase in intensity followed by subsequent decrease in intensity. The delayed RTP is achieved through introduction of phosphines into carbazole emitters. In contrast to the rapid energy transfer from single-molecular triplet states (T1) to stabilized triplet states (Tn*) of instant RTP systems, phosphine groups insert their intermediate states (TM) between carbazole-originated T1 and Tn* of carbazole-phosphine hybrids. In addition to markedly increasing emission lifetimes by ten folds, since TM → Tn* transition require >30 milliseconds, RTP is thereby postponed by dozens of milliseconds. The emission character of carbazole-phosphine hybrids can be used to reveal information through combining instant and delayed RTP, realizing multi-level time resolution for advanced information, biological and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China.
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3
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Wu P, Li P, Chen M, Rao J, Chen G, Bian J, Lü B, Peng F. 3D Printed Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Enabled by Edible Natural Konjac Glucomannan. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402666. [PMID: 38632497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Shaping room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials into 3D bodies is important for stereoscopic optoelectronic displays but remains challenging due to their poor processability and mechanical properties. Here, konjac glucomannan (KGM) is employed to anchor arylboronic acids with various π conjugations via a facile B─O covalent reaction to afford printable inks, using which full-color high-fidelity 3D RTP objects with high mechanical strength can be obtained via direct ink writing-based 3D printing and freeze-drying. The doubly rigid structure supplied by the synergy of hydrogen bonding and B─O covalent bonding can protect the triplet excitons; thus, the prepared 3D RTP object shows a striking lifetime of 2.14 s. The printed counterparts are successfully used for 3D anti-counterfeiting and can be recycled and reprinted nondestructively by dissolving in water. This success expands the scope of printable 3D luminescent materials, providing an eco-friendly platform for the additive manufacturing of sophisticated 3D RTP architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Division of Analysis, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Analytical Instrumentation Center of Peking, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gegu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baozhong Lü
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li J, Liu S, Liu Y. Mechanical Stretch α-Cyclodextrin Pseudopolyrotaxane Elastomer with Reversible Phosphorescence Behavior. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307777. [PMID: 38311575 PMCID: PMC11005743 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol chains in two terminals of the naphthalene functional group are threaded into α-cyclodextrin cavities to form the pseudopolyrotaxane (NPR), which not only effectively induces the phosphorescence of the naphthalene functional group by the cyclodextrin macrocycle confinement, but also provides interfacial hydrogen bonding assembly function between polyhydroxy groups of cyclodextrin and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) chains to construct elastomers. The introduction of NPR endows the elastomer with enhanced mechanical properties and excellent room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) emission (phosphorescence remains in water, acid, alkali, and organic solvents, even at 160 °C high temperatures). Especially, the reversible mechanically responsive room temperature phosphorescence behavior (phosphorescence intensity increased three times under 200% strain) can be observed in the mechanical stretch and recover process, owing to strain-induced microstructural changes further inhibiting the non-radiative transition and the vibration of NPR. Therefore, changing the phosphorescence behavior of supramolecular elastomers through mechanical stretching provides a new approach for supramolecular luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Qiu Li
- College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Song‐En Liu
- College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
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Miao Y, Lin F, Guo D, Chen J, Zhang K, Wu T, Huang H, Chi Z, Yang Z. Stable and ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent copolymers with excellent adhesion, resistance, and toughness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3354. [PMID: 38457505 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing stable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission without being affected by moisture and mechanical force remains a great challenge for purely organic systems, due to their triplet states sensitive to the infinitesimal motion of phosphors and the oxygen quencher. We report a kind of highly robust phosphorescent systems, by doping a rigid phosphor into a copolymer (polyvinyl butyral resin) matrix with a balance of mutually exclusive features, including a rigidly hydrophilic hydrogen bond network and elastically hydrophobic constituent. Impressively, these RTP polymeric films have superior adhesive ability on various surfaces and showed reversible photoactivated RTP with lifetimes up to 5.82 seconds, which can be used as in situ modulated anticounterfeit labels. They can maintain a bright afterglow for over 25.0 seconds under various practical conditions, such as storage in refrigerators, soaking in natural water for a month, or even being subjected to strong collisions and impacts. These findings provide deep insights for developing stable ultralong RTP materials with desirable comprehensive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Miao
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Faxu Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Danman Guo
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinzheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Kaimin Zhang
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tongfei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Huahua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Chemicals, XinHuaYue Group, Maoming 525000, P.R. China
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6
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Nie F, Yan D. Photo-Controllable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence: State of the Art. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303611. [PMID: 38072832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this concept, we showcase the upsurge in the studies of dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials containing inorganic and/or organic components as versatile photo-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of photo-controllable RTP, and meanwhile delve into the underlying RTP properties of various classes of photochromic materials including metal-organic complexes, organic-inorganic co-crystals, purely organic small molecules and organic polymers. In particular, the design principles governing the integration of the photochromic and RTP moieties within a single material system, and the tuning of dynamic RTP in response to light are emphasized. As such, this concept sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of using these tunable RTP materials for potential applications in optoelectronics, particularly highlighting their use of reversible information encryption, erasable light printing and rewritable smart paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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7
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Liang Y, Hu P, Zhang H, Yang Q, Wei H, Chen R, Yu J, Liu C, Wang Y, Luo S, Shi G, Chi Z, Xu B. Enabling Highly Robust Full-Color Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Stable White Organic Afterglow from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318516. [PMID: 38241198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, full-color and stable white organic afterglow materials with outstanding water, organic solvents, and temperature resistances have been developed for the first time by embedding the selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into melamine-formaldehyde polymer via solution polymerization. The afterglow quantum yields and lifetimes of the resulting polymer films were up to 22.7 % and 4.83 s, respectively, under ambient conditions. For the coronene-doped sample, its afterglow color could be linearly tuned between yellow and blue by adjusting the temperature, and it could still emit an intense blue afterglow with a lifetime of 0.68 s at 440 K. Moreover, the films showed a bright and stable white afterglow at 370 K with a lifetime of 2.80 s and maintained an excellent afterglow performance after soaking in water and organic solvents for more than 150 days. In addition, the application potential of the polymer films in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Liang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengtao Hu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingchen Yang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hengshan Wei
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruitai Chen
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahai Yu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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8
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Shen Y, Le X, Wu Y, Chen T. Stimulus-responsive polymer materials toward multi-mode and multi-level information anti-counterfeiting: recent advances and future challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:606-623. [PMID: 38099593 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Information storage and security is one of the perennial hot issues in society, while the further advancements of related chemical anti-counterfeiting systems remain a formidable challenge. As emerging anti-counterfeiting materials, stimulus-responsive polymers (SRPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique stimulus-responsiveness and charming discoloration performance. At the same time, single-channel decryption technology with low-security levels has been unable to effectively prevent information from being stolen or mimicked. As a result, it would be of great significance to develop SRPs with multi-mode and multi-level anti-counterfeiting characteristics. This study summarizes the latest achievements in advance anti-counterfeiting strategies based on SRPs, including multi-mode anti-counterfeiting (static information) and multi-level anti-counterfeiting (dynamic information). In addition, the promising applications of such materials in anti-counterfeiting labels, identification platforms, intelligent displays, and others are briefly reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are discussed. This review serves as a useful resource for manipulating SRP-based anti-counterfeiting materials and creating cutting-edge information security and encryption systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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9
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Yu J, Sun Z, Ma H, Wang C, Huang W, He Z, Wu W, Hu H, Zhao W, Zhu WH. Efficient Visible-Light-Activated Ultra-Long Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Triggered by Multi-Esterification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202316647. [PMID: 37968887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescence (UL-RTP) in processable amorphous organic materials is highly desirable for applications in flexible displays, anti-counterfeiting, and bio-imaging. However, achieving efficient UL-RTP from amorphous materials remains a challenging task, especially with activation by visible light and a bright afterglow. Here we report a general and rational molecular-design strategy to enable efficient visible-light-excited UL-RTP by multi-esterification of a rigid large-plane phosphorescence core. Notably, multi-esterification minimizes the aggregation-induced quenching and accomplishes a 'four birds with one stone' possibility in the generation and radiation process of UL-RTP: i) shifting the excitation from ultraviolet light to blue-light through enhancing the transition dipole moment of low-lying singlet-states, ii) facilitating the intersystem crossing process through the incorporation of lone-pair electrons, iii) boosting the decay process of long-lived triplet excitons resulting from a significantly increased transition dipole moment, and iv) reducing the intrinsic triplet nonradiative decay by substitution of high-frequency vibrating hydrogen atoms. All these factors synergistically contribute to the most efficient and stable visible-light-stimulated UL-RTP (lifetime up to 2.01 s and efficiency up to 35.4 % upon excitation at 450 nm) in flexible films using multi-esterified coronene, which allows high-tech applications in single-component time-delayed white light-emitting diodes and information technology based on flashlight-activated afterglow encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zikai He
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Honglong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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10
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Li X, Li W, Liu X, Zhang M, Yu EY, Law AWK, Ou X, Zhang J, Sung HHY, Tan X, Sun J, Lam JWY, Guo Z, Tang BZ. A Photoactivatable Luminescent Motif through Ring-Flipping Isomerization for Multiple Photopatterning. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38051539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable luminescent materials have garnered enormous attention in the field of intelligent responsive materials, yet their design and applications remain challenging due to the limited variety of photoactivatable motifs. In the work described herein, we discovered a new photoactivatable luminescent motif that underwent ring-flipping isomerization under UV irradiation. The emission of this motif exhibited a rapid transformation from dark yellow to bright green, accompanied by a significant enhancement of quantum yield from 1.9% to 34.2%. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the effective intramolecular motion (EIM) was crucial to the distinct luminescence performance between two isomers. In addition, polymers containing this motif were achieved through a one-pot alkyne polymerization, exhibiting both photofluorochromic and photo-cross-linking properties. Furthermore, multiple types of photopatterning, including luminescent encryption, fluorescent grayscale imaging, and high-resolution photolithographic patterns, were realized. This work developed a new photoactivatable luminescent motif and demonstrated its potential applications in both small molecules and macromolecules, which will help in the future design of photoactivatable luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wenlang Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Anthony W K Law
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Zhao S, Yang Z, Zhang X, Liu H, Lv Y, Wang S, Yang Z, Zhang ST, Yang B. A functional unit combination strategy for enhancing red room-temperature phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9733-9743. [PMID: 37736641 PMCID: PMC10510757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Red room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials based on non-metallic organic compounds are less reported compared to the commonly found green RTP materials. Here, we propose a novel approach to obtain red RTP materials by integrating and combining two functional units, resembling a jigsaw puzzle. In this approach, benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole (BZT) serves as the red RTP unit, while a folding unit containing sulphur/oxygen is responsible for enhancing spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to accelerate the intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Three new molecules (SS-BZT, SO-BZT, and OO-BZT) were designed and synthesized, among which SS-BZT and SO-BZT with folded geometries demonstrate enhanced red RTP in their monodisperse films compared to the parent BZT. Meanwhile, the SS-BZT film shows a dual emission consisting of blue fluorescence and red RTP, with a significant spectral separation of approximately 150 nm, which makes the SS-BZT film highly suitable for applications in optical oxygen sensing and ratiometric detection. Within the oxygen concentration range of 0-1.31%, the SS-BZT film demonstrates a quenching constant of 2.66 kPa-1 and a quenching efficiency of 94.24%, indicating that this probe has the potential to accurately detect oxygen in a hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yingbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Shiyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhongzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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12
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Zhang ZY, Deng CY, Shen CC, Xu RY, Wang XZ, Wang YH, Ding B, Li B, Li J, Li C. Phosphorescence enhancement of pyridinium macrocycles by poly(vinylalcohol). Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11248-11251. [PMID: 37661728 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A phosphorescence enhancement of pyridinium macrocycle/monomer phosphors is realized with up to 14.7-fold prolonging of the phosphorescence lifetimes and visible afterglow by doping into a poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) matrix. The abundant hydrogen-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions between the phosphors and the PVA suppressed the nonradiative decay processes, slowed down the radiative decay and nonradiative decay of triplet states, and therefore promoted the long-lived RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chun-Yun Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Chen Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Yao Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Zhen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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13
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Wu S, Zhang H, Mao Z, Liang Y, Li JA, Hu P, Zhang Q, Liu C, Luo S, Wang Y, Shi G, Xu B. Achieving Stable and Switchable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Luminescent Materials with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Light-Manipulated Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39896-39904. [PMID: 37555378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing polymer-based organic afterglow materials with switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) that are insensitive to moisture remains challenging. Herein, two organic luminogens, BBCC and BBCS, were synthesized by attaching 7H-benzo[c]carbazole (BBC) to benzophenone and diphenyl sulfone. These two emitters were employed as guest molecules and doped into epoxy polymers (EPs), which were constructed by in situ polymerization to achieve polymer materials BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP. It was found that BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP films exhibited significant photoactivated UOP properties. After light irradiation, they could produce a conspicuous organic afterglow with phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes up to 5.35% and 1.91 s, respectively. Meanwhile, BBCS-EP also presented photochromic characteristics. Upon thermal annealing, the UOP could be turned off, and the polymer films recovered to their pristine state, showing switchable organic afterglow. In addition, BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP displayed excellent water resistance and still produced obvious UOP after soaking in water for 4 weeks. Inspired by the unique photoactivated UOP and photochromic properties, BBCC and BBCS in the mixtures of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 1,3-propanediamine were employed as security inks for light-controlled multilevel anticounterfeiting. This work may provide helpful guidance for developing photostimuli-responsive polymer-based organic afterglow materials, especially those with stable UOP under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaohui Liang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-An Li
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengtao Hu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Yang X, Wang S, Sun K, Liu H, Ma M, Zhang ST, Yang B. A Heavy-atom-free Molecular Motif Based on Symmetric Bird-like Structured Tetraphenylenes with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP) Afterglow over 8 s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306475. [PMID: 37367201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with highly efficient and long-persistent afterglow has drawn substantial awareness. Commonly, spin-orbit coupling can be improved by introducing heavy atoms into pure-organic molecules. However, this strategy will simultaneously increase the radiative and non-radiative transition rate, further resulting in dramatic decreases in the excited state lifetime and afterglow duration. Here in this work, a highly symmetric bird-like structure tetraphenylene (TeP), and its three symmetrical halogenated derivatives (TeP-F, TeP-Cl and TeP-Br) are synthesized, while their RTP properties and mechanisms are systematically investigated by both theoretical and experimental approaches. As the results, the rigid, highly twisted conformation of TeP restricts the non-radiative processes of RTP and gives rise to the enhancement of electron-exchange, which can contribute to the RTP radiation process. Despite the faint RTP of the bromine and chlorine-substituted ones (TeP-Br, TeP-Cl), the fluoro-substituted TeP-F exhibited a long phosphorescent lifetime up to 890 ms, corresponding to an extremely long RTP afterglow over 8 s, which could be incorporated into the best series of non-heavy-atom RTP materials reported in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Shiyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Ke Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 4089 Shahe West Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 (P. R. China)
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