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Qi H, Tong Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shang J, Wang K, Wang H. Homogenizing Energy Landscape for Efficient and Spectrally Stable Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409319. [PMID: 39302002 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted enormous attention; however, their unsatisfactory device efficiency and spectral stability still remain great challenges. Unfavorable low-dimensional phase distribution and defects with deeper energy levels usually cause energy disorder, substantially limiting the device's performance. Here, an additive-interface optimization strategy is reported to tackle these issues, thus realizing efficient and spectrally stable blue PeLEDs. A new type of additive-formamidinium tetrafluorosuccinate (FATFSA) is introduced into the quasi-2D mixed halide perovskite accompanied by interface engineering, which effectively impedes the formation of undesired low-dimensional phases with various bandgaps throughout the entire film, thereby boosting energy transfer process for accelerating radiative recombination; this strategy also diminishes the halide vacancies especially chloride-related defects with deep energy level, thus reducing nonradiative energy loss for efficient radiative recombination. Benefitting from homogenized energy landscape throughout the entire perovskite emitting layer, PeLEDs with spectrally-stable blue emission (478 nm) and champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.9% are realized, which represents a record value among this type of PeLEDs in the pure blue region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Shang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Lyu B, Li D, Wang Q, Sun J, Xiong Q, Zhang D, Su H, Choy WCH. Pattern-Matched Polymer Ligands Toward Near-Perfect Synergistic Passivation for High-Performance and Stable Br/Cl Mixed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408726. [PMID: 38804083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mixed Br/Cl perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) exhibit bright pure-blue emission benefiting for fulfilling the Rec. 2100 standard. However, phase segregation remains a significant challenge that severely affects the stability and emission spectrum of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we demonstrate the optimization of the spacing between polydentate functional groups of polymer ligands to match the surface pattern of CsPbBr1.8Cl1.2 PeNCs, resulting in effective synergistic passivation effect and significant improvements in PeLED performances. The block and alternating copolymers with different inter-functional group spacing are facilely synthesized as ligands for PeNCs. Surprisingly, block copolymers with a higher functional group density do not match PeNCs, while alternating copolymers enable efficient PeNCs with the high photoluminescence intensity, low non-radiative recombination rate and high exciton binding energy. Density functional theory calculations clearly confirm the almost perfect match between alternating copolymers and PeNCs. Finally, pure-blue PeLEDs are achieved with the emission at 467 nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.131, 0.071), high external quantum efficiency (9.1 %) and record spectral and operational stabilities (~80 mins) in mixed-halide PeLEDs. Overall, this study contributes to designing the polymer ligands and promoting the development of high-performance and stable pure-color PeLEDs towards display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzheng Lyu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jiayun Sun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dezhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Yu X, Fang Y, Sun X, Xie Y, Liu C, Wang K, Xiao G, Zou B. Pressure-Tuning Localized Excitons Toward Enhanced Emission, Photocurrent Enhancement and Piezochromism in Unconventional ACI-Type 2D Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412756. [PMID: 39107973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous enhancement of free excitons (FEs) emission and self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission remains greatly challenging because of the radiative pathway competition. Here, a significant fluorescence improvement, associated with the radiative recombination of both FEs and STEs is firstly achieved in an unconventional ACI-type hybrid perovskite, (ACA)(MA)PbI4 (ACA=acetamidinium) crystals with {PbI6} octahedron units, through hydrostatic pressure processing. Note that (ACA)(MA)PbI4 exhibits a 91.5-fold emission enhancement and considerable piezochromism from green to red in a mild pressure interval of 1 atm to 2.5 GPa. The substantial distortion of both individual halide octahedron and the Pb-I-Pb angles between two halide octahedra under high pressure indeed determines the pressure-tuning localized excitons behavior. Upon higher pressure, photocurrent enhancement is also observed, which is attributed to the promoted electronic connectivity in (ACA)(MA)PbI4. The anisotropic compaction reduces the distance between neighboring organic molecules and {PbI6} octahedra, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen bonding interactions. This work not only offers a deep understanding of the structure-optical relationships of ACI-type perovskites, but also presents insights into breaking the limits of luminescent efficiency by pressure-suppressed nonradiative recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, 252000, Liaocheng, P. R. China
| | - Xuening Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, 252000, Liaocheng, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, 252000, Liaocheng, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
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Wang S, Yu Z, Qin J, Chen G, Liu Y, Fan S, Ma C, Yao F, Cui H, Zhou S, Dong K, Lin Q, Tao C, Gao F, Ke W, Fang G. Buried interface modification and light outcoupling strategy for efficient blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2231-2240. [PMID: 38851911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit remarkable potential in the field of displays and solid-state lighting. However, blue PeLEDs, a key element for practical applications, still lag behind their green and red counterparts, due to a combination of strong nonradiative recombination losses and unoptimized device structures. In this report, we propose a buried interface modification strategy to address these challenges by focusing on the bottom-hole transport layer (HTL) of the PeLEDs. On the one hand, a multifunctional molecule, aminoacetic acid hydrochloride (AACl), is introduced to modify the HTL/perovskite interface to regulate the perovskite crystallization. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that AACl can effectively reduce the nonradiative recombination losses in bulk perovskites by suppressing the growth of low-n perovskite phases and also the losses at the bottom interface by passivating interfacial defects. On the other hand, a self-assembly nanomesh structure is ingeniously developed within the HTLs. This nanomesh structure is meticulously crafted through the blending of poly-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4-butyl phenyl) diphenylamine) and poly (n-vinyl carbazole), significantly enhancing the light outcoupling efficiency in PeLEDs. As a result, our blue PeLEDs achieve remarkable external quantum efficiencies, 20.4% at 487 nm and 12.5% at 470 nm, which are among the highest reported values. Our results offer valuable insights and effective methods for achieving high-performance blue PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiajun Qin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Guoyi Chen
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuaiwei Fan
- Department of Physics, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fang Yao
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Hongsen Cui
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kailian Dong
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Tao
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden.
| | - Weijun Ke
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Guojia Fang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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5
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Gao Y, Cai Q, He Y, Zhang D, Cao Q, Zhu M, Ma Z, Zhao B, He H, Di D, Ye Z, Dai X. Highly efficient blue light-emitting diodes based on mixed-halide perovskites with reduced chlorine defects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5645. [PMID: 39018409 PMCID: PMC466955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) provide excellent opportunities for low-cost, color-saturated, and large-area displays. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs lags far behind that of their green and red counterparts. Here, we show that the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of blue PeLEDs scale linearly with the photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of CsPb(BrxCl1-x)3 nanocrystals emitting at 460 to 480 nm. The recombination efficiency of carriers is highly sensitive to the chlorine content and the related deep-level defects in nanocrystals, causing notable EQE drops even with minor increases in chlorine defects. Minor adjustments of chlorine content through rubidium compensation on the A-site effectively suppress the formation of nonradiative defects, improving PL QYs while retaining desirable bandgaps for blue-emitting nanocrystals. Our PeLEDs with record-high efficiencies span the blue spectrum, achieving peak EQEs of 12.0% (460 nm), 16.7% (465 nm), 21.3% (470 nm), 24.3% (475 nm), and 26.4% (480 nm). This work exemplifies chlorine-defect control as a key design principle for high-efficiency blue PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Qiuting Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering; International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yifan He
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Dingshuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Qingli Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Zichao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Baodan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering; International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Dawei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering; International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
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6
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Wang H, Qi H, Zhang Z, Wang K, Wang H, Tong Y. Phosphonic Chloride Assisted Fabrication of Highly Emissive Mixed Halide Perovskite Films in Ambient Air for Blue Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28771-28779. [PMID: 38795117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for full-color display and lighting applications. However, the fabrication of blue-emitting perovskite films typically requires an inert environment, leading to increased complexity and cost in the manufacturing process, which is undesirable for applications of perovskite LEDs. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate bright blue-emitting perovskite films in ambient air by incorporating phosphonic chlorides in a perovskite precursor solution. We used two different phosphonic chlorides, diphenylphosphonic chloride (DPPC) and phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC), and comparatively studied their effects on the properties of perovskite films and the blue LEDs. It is found that PPDC possesses a stronger chlorination ability due to higher hydrolysis reactivity; meanwhile, it has a stronger interaction with the perovskite compared to DPPC, resulting in an improved film quality and enhanced blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45%, which represents the record value for the air-processed blue perovskite films. Blue perovskite LEDs are fabricated, and the emission wavelengths are effectively tuned by controlling the concentration of phosphonic chlorides. Benefiting from the optimized perovskite films with reduced nonradiative recombination and promoted charge injection and transport, the PPDC-derived blue perovskite LEDs exhibit improved performance with an external quantum efficiency of 3.3% and 1.2% for the 490 and 480 nm emission wavelength, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Heng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
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Zhang L, Wang S, Jiang Y, Yuan M. Stable and Efficient Mixed-halide Perovskite LEDs. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301205. [PMID: 38081803 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring bandgap by mixed-halide strategy in perovskites has attracted extraordinary attention due to the flexibility of halide ion combinations and has emerged as the most direct and effective approach to precisely tune the emission wavelength throughout the entire visible light spectrum. Mixed-halide perovskites, yet, still suffered from several problems, particularly phase segregation under external stimuli because of ions migration. Understanding the essential cause and finding sound strategies, thus, remains a challenge for stable and efficient mixed-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The review herein presents an overview of the diverse application scenarios and the profound significance associated with mixed-halide perovskites. We then summarize the challenges and potential research directions toward developing high stable and efficient mixed-halide PeLEDs. The review thus provides a systematic and timely summary for the community to deepen the understanding of mixed-halide perovskite materials and resulting PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Stor1age Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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8
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Huang YH, Wang XD, Li WG, Zou SY, Yang X, Kuang DB. Band Structure Optimized by Electron-Acceptor Cations for Sensitive Perovskite Single Crystal Self-Powered Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306821. [PMID: 38009496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional perovskites afford improved stability against moisture, heat, and ionic migration. However, the low dimensionality typically results in a wide bandgap and strong electron-phonon coupling, which is undesirable for optoelectronic applications. Herein, semiconducting A-site organic cation engineering by electron-acceptor bipyridine (bpy) cations (2,2'-bpy2+ and 4,4'-bpy2+) is employed to optimize band structure in low-dimensional perovskites. Benefiting from the merits of lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy for 4,4'-bpy2+ cation, the corresponding (4,4'-bpy)PbI4 is endowed with a smaller bandgap (1.44 eV) than the (CH3NH3)PbI3 (1.57 eV) benchmark. Encouragingly, an intramolecular type II band alignment formation between inorganic Pb-I octahedron anions and bpy2+ cations favors photogenerated electron-hole pairs separation. In addition, a shortening distance between inorganic Pb-I octahedral chains in (4,4'-bpy)PbI4 single crystal (SC) can effectively promote carrier transfer. As a result, a self-powered photodetector based on (4,4'-bpy)PbI4 SC exhibits 131 folds higher on/off ratio (3807) than the counterpart of (2,2'-bpy)2Pb3I10 SC (29). The presented result provides an effective strategy for exporting novel organic cation-based low-dimensional perovskite SC for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wen-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Su-Yan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dai-Bin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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9
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Yu Y, Wang BF, Shen Y, Su ZH, Zhang K, Ren H, Zhang YF, Gao X, Tang JX, Li YQ. Regulating Perovskite Crystallization through Interfacial Engineering Using a Zwitterionic Additive Potassium Sulfamate for Efficient Pure-Blue Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319730. [PMID: 38168882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide-mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non-radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low-dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+ ) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+ -guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi-2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure-blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide-mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain-growth substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bing-Feng Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhen-Huang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ye-Fan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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10
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Zhang K, Su Z, Shen Y, Cao LX, Zeng XY, Feng SC, Yu Y, Gao X, Tang JX, Li Y. Top-Down Exfoliation Process Constructing 2D/3D Heterojunction toward Ultrapure Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4570-4578. [PMID: 38277481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
3D perovskites with low energy disorder and high ambipolar charge mobility represent a promising solution for efficient and bright light-emitting diodes. However, the challenges of regulating the nanocrystal size to trigger the quantum confinement effect and control the surface trap states to reduce charge loss hinder the applications of 3D perovskites in blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this study, we present a top-down exfoliation method to obtain blue 3D perovskite films with clipped nanocrystals and tunable bandgaps by employing methyl cyanide (MeCN) for post-treatment. In this method, the MeCN solvent exfoliates the surface components of the 3D perovskite grains through a partial dissolution process. Moreover, the dissolved precursor can be further utilized to construct an ingenious 2D/3D heterostructure by incorporating an organic spacer into the MeCN solvent, contributing to efficient defect passivation and improved energy transfer. Consequently, efficient PeLEDs featuring ultrapure blue emission at 478 nm achieve a record external quantum efficiency of 12.3% among their 3D counterparts. This work emphasizes the significance of inducing the quantum confinement effect in 3D perovskites for efficient blue PeLEDs and provides a viable scheme for the in situ regulation of perovskite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Long-Xue Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Xin-Yi Zeng
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic ofChina
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11
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Gao FF, Qin Y, Li ZG, Li W, Hao J, Li X, Liu Y, Howard CJ, Wu X, Jiang X, Lin Z, Lu P, Bu XH. Unusual Pressure-Induced Self-Trapped Exciton to Free Exciton Transfer in Chiral 2D Lead Bromide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3251-3259. [PMID: 38227818 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of pressure-induced emission alterations related to complex excitonic dynamics in 2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) has gained considerable attention for understanding their structure-property relationship and obtaining inaccessible luminescence under ambient conditions. However, the well-known pressure-induced emissions are limited to the formation of self-trapped excitons (STEs) due to the structural distortion under compression, which goes against the advantage of the highly pure emission of LHPs. Here, the pressure-induced detrapping from STEs to free excitons (FEs) accompanied by the dramatic transition from broadband orangish emission to narrow blue emission has been achieved in chiral 2D LHPs and R- and S-[4MeOPEA]2PbBr4, (4MeOPEA = 4-methoxy-α-methylbenzylammonium). The combined experimental and calculated results reveal that the distortion level of PbBr6 octahedra of R- and S-[4MeOPEA]2PbBr4 exhibits an unusually significant reduction as the applied pressure increases, which leads to decreased electron-phonon coupling and self-trapped energy barrier and consequently enables the detrapping of STEs to FEs. This work illustrates the dramatic exciton transfer in 2D LHPs and highlights the potential for realizing highly efficient and pure light emissions by manipulating the structural distortion via strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yan Qin
- School of Physics & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Hao
- College of Chemistry & State Key Lab of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yungui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- School of Physics & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin 300350, China
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12
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Zeng F, Kong W, Liang Y, Li F, Lvtao Y, Su Z, Wang T, Peng B, Ye L, Chen Z, Gao X, Huang J, Zheng R, Yang X. Highly Stable and Efficient Formamidinium-Based 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells via Lattice Manipulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306051. [PMID: 37671795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Formamidinium (FA)-based 2D perovskites have emerged as highly promising candidates in solar cells. However, the insertion of 2D spacer cations into the perovskite lattice concomitantly introduces microstrain and unfavorable orientations that hinder efficiency and stability. In this study, by finely tuning the FA-based 2D perovskite lattice through spacer cation engineering, a stable lattice structure with balanced distortion, microstrain relaxation, and reduced carrier-lattice interactions is achieved. These advancements effectively stabilize the inherently soft lattice against light and thermal-aging stress. To reduce the photocurrent loss induced by undesired crystal texture, a polarity-matched molecular-type selenourea (SENA) additive is further employed to modulate the crystallization kinetics. The introduction of the SENA significantly inhibits the disordered crystallization induced by spacer cations and drives the templated growth of the quantum well structure with a vertical orientation. This controlled crystallization process effectively reduces crystal defects and enhances charge separation. Ultimately, the optimized FA-based perovskite photovoltaic devices achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.03% (certified steady-state efficiency of 19.30%), setting a new record for low-n 2D perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the devices exhibit less than 1% efficiency degradation after operating at maximum power point for 1000 h and maintain excellent stability after thermal aging and cycles of cold-warm shock, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zeng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Innovation Center for Future Materials, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuhang Liang
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yuze Lvtao
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Innovation Center for Future Materials, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bingguo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Innovation Center for Future Materials, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Longfang Ye
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Innovation Center for Future Materials, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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13
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Zhang L, Mei L, Wang K, Lv Y, Zhang S, Lian Y, Liu X, Ma Z, Xiao G, Liu Q, Zhai S, Zhang S, Liu G, Yuan L, Guo B, Chen Z, Wei K, Liu A, Yue S, Niu G, Pan X, Sun J, Hua Y, Wu WQ, Di D, Zhao B, Tian J, Wang Z, Yang Y, Chu L, Yuan M, Zeng H, Yip HL, Yan K, Xu W, Zhu L, Zhang W, Xing G, Gao F, Ding L. Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:177. [PMID: 37428261 PMCID: PMC10333173 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Mei
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiao Lian
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- Department of Physics, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaibo Zhai
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengling Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Keyu Wei
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Aqiang Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangda Niu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Pan
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Qiang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Di
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Baodan Zhao
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chu
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Xu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Zhu
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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