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Zhang L, Wahab OJ, Jallow AA, O’Dell ZJ, Pungsrisai T, Sridhar S, Vernon KL, Willets KA, Baker LA. Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8036-8055. [PMID: 38727715 PMCID: PMC11112546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - O. J. Wahab
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - A. A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Z. J. O’Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - T. Pungsrisai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - S. Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - K. L. Vernon
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - K. A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - L. A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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2
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Gaudin LF, Funston AM, Bentley CL. Drop-cast gold nanoparticles are not always electrocatalytically active for the borohydride oxidation reaction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7243-7258. [PMID: 38756820 PMCID: PMC11095372 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The next-generation of energy devices rely on advanced catalytic materials, especially electrocatalytic nanoparticles (NPs), to achieve the performance and cost required to reshape the energy landscape towards a more sustainable and cleaner future. It has become imperative to maximize the performance of the catalyst, both through improvement of the intrinsic activity of the NP, and by ensuring all particles are performing at the level of their capability. This requires not just a structure-function understanding of the catalytic material, but also an understanding of how the catalyst performance is impacted by its environment (substrate, ligand, etc.). The intrinsic activity and environment of catalytic particles on a support may differ wildly by particle, thus it is essential to build this understanding from a single-entity perspective. To achieve this herein, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) has been used, which is a droplet-based scanning probe technique which can encapsulate single NPs, and apply a voltage to the nanoparticle whilst measuring its resulting current. Using SECCM, single AuNPs have been encapsulated, and their activity for the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) is measured. A total of 268 BOR-active locations were probed (178 single particles) and a series of statistical analyses were performed in order to make the following discoveries: (1) a certain percentage of AuNPs display no BOR activity in the SECCM experiment (67.4% of single NPs), (2) visibly-similar particles display wildly varied BOR activities which cannot be explained by particle size, (3) the impact of cluster size (#NP at a single location) on a selection of diagnostic electrochemical parameters can be easily probed with SECCM, (4) exploratory statistical correlation between these parameters can be meaningfully performed with SECCM, and (5) outlying "abnormal" NP responses can be probed on a particle-by-particle basis. Each one of these findings is its own worthwhile study, yet this has been achieved with a single SECCM scan. It is hoped that this research will spur electrochemists and materials scientists to delve deeper into their substantial datasets in order to enhance the structure-function understanding, to bring about the next generation of high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan F Gaudin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia
| | - Alison M Funston
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia
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Lv L, Tan H, Kong Y, Tang B, Ji Q, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhuang Z, Wang H, Ge M, Fan M, Wang D, Yan W. Breaking the Scaling Relationship in C-N Coupling via the Doping Effects for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401943. [PMID: 38594205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-N coupling reaction based on carbon dioxide and nitrate have been emerged as a new "green synthetic strategy" for the synthesis of urea, but the catalytic efficiency is seriously restricted by the inherent scaling relations of adsorption energies of the active sites, the improvement of catalytic activity is frequently accompanied by the decrease in selectivity. Herein, a doping engineering strategy was proposed to break the scaling relationship of intermediate binding and minimize the kinetic barrier of C-N coupling. A thus designed SrCo0.39Ru0.61O3-δ catalyst achieves a urea yield rate of 1522 μg h-1 mgcat. -1 and faradic efficiency of 34.1 % at -0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A series of characterizations revealed that Co doping not only induces lattice distortion but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV) in the SrRuO3. The oxygen vacancies weaken the adsorption of *CO and *NH2 intermediates on the Co and Ru sites respectively, and the strain effects over the Co-Ru dual sites promoting the occurrence of C-N coupling of the two monomers instead of selective hydrogenating to form by-products. This work presents an insight into molecular coupling reactions towards urea synthesis via the doping engineering on SrRuO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Lv
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical, Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zechao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Min Ge
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Li K, Guo X, Zhang L, Cao D, Cheng D. Rational Regulation of the Defect Density in Platinum Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306694. [PMID: 38044277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Constructing structural defects is a promising way to enhance the catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the relationship between defect density and HER activity has rarely been discussed. In this study, a series of Pt/WOx nanocrystals are fabricated with controlled morphologies and structural defect densities using a facile one-step wet chemical method. Remarkably, compared with polygonal and star structures, the dendritic Pt/WOx (d-Pt/WOx) exhibited a richer structural defect density, including stepped surfaces and atomic defects. Notably, the d-Pt/WOx catalyst required 4 and 16 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2, and its turnover frequency (TOF) values are 11.6 and 22.8 times higher than that of Pt/C under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. In addition, d-Pt/WOx//IrO2 displayed a mass activity of 5158 mA mgPt -1 at 2.0 V in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), which is significantly higher than that of the commercial Pt/C//IrO2 system. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the d-Pt/WOx exhibited reduced number of antibonding bands and the lowest dz2-band center, contributing to hydrogen adsorption and release in acidic solution. The highest dz2-band center of d-Pt/WOx facilitated the adsorption of hydrogen from water molecules and water dissociation in alkaline medium. This work emphasizes the key role of the defect density in improving the HER activity of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, XinJiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
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Hou L, Li Z, Jang H, Kim MG, Cho J, Liu S, Liu X. Grain Boundary Tailors the Local Chemical Environment on Iridium Surface for Alkaline Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315633. [PMID: 38151468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though grain boundaries (GBs) have been previously employed to increase the number of active catalytic sites or tune the binding energies of reaction intermediates for promoting electrocatalytic reactions, the effect of GBs on the tailoring of the local chemical environment on the catalyst surface has not been clarified thus far. In this study, a GBs-enriched iridium (GB-Ir) was synthesized and examined for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that a local acid-like environment with H3 O+ intermediates was created in the GBs region owing to the electron-enriched surface Ir atoms at the GBs. The H3 O+ intermediates lowered the energy barrier for water dissociation and provided enough hydrogen proton to promote the generation of hydrogen spillover from the sites at the GBs to the sites away from the GBs, thus synergistically enhancing the hydrogen evolution activity. Notably, the GB-Ir catalyst exhibited a high alkaline HER activity (10 mV @ 10 mA cm-2 , 20 mV dec-1 ). We believe that our findings will promote further research on GBs and the surface science of electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Haeseong Jang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Shangguo Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xien Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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6
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Xie RC, Gao J, Wang SC, Li H, Wang W. Optically Imaging In Situ Effects of Electrochemical Cycling on Single Nanoparticle Electrocatalysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38285921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle studies often need one or a series of nanoparticle populations that are designed with differences in a nominally particular structural parameter to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). However, the heterogeneity of various properties within any population would make it rather difficult to approach an ideal one-parameter control. In situ modification ensures the same nanoparticle to be investigated and also avoids complicating effects from the otherwise often needed ex situ operations. Herein, we apply electrochemical cycling to single platinum nanoparticles and optically examine their SAR. An electrocatalytic fluorescent microscopic method is established to evaluate the apparent catalytic activity of a number of single nanoparticles toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, dark-field microscopy with the substrate electrode under a cyclic potential control is found to be able to assess the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of single nanoparticles via induced chloride redox electrochemistry. Consequently, nanoparticles with drastically increased catalytic activity are discovered to have larger ECSAs upon potential regulation, and interestingly, there are also a few particles with decreased activity, as opposed to the overall trend, that all develop a smaller ECSA in the process. The deactivated nanoparticles against the overall enhancement effects of potential cycling are revealed for the first time. As such, the SAR of single nanoparticles when subjected to an in situ structural control is optically demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Si-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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7
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Su T, Guo J, He ZK, Zhao J, Gao Z, Song YY. Single-Nanoparticle-Level Understanding of Oxidase-like Activity of Au Nanoparticles on Polymer Nanobrush-Based Proton Reservoirs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11807-11814. [PMID: 37497564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles play a key role in important catalytic processes, from biosensing to energy conversion. Therefore, understanding and tuning their performance is crucial for making further progress in biological applications. We developed an efficient and sensitive electrochemical method for the real-time monitoring of the glucose oxidase (GOD)-like activity of single nanoparticle through collision events. Using brush-like sulfonate (-SO3-)-doped polyaniline (PANI) decorated on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNTs-SPANI) as the electrode, we fabricated a proton reservoir with excellent response and high proton-storage capacity for evaluating the oxidase-like activity of individual Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) via instantaneous collision processes. Using glucose electrocatalysis as a model reaction system, the GOD-like activity of individual AuNPs could be directly monitored via electrochemical tests through the nanoparticle collision-induced proton generation. Furthermore, based on the perturbation of the electrical double layer of SPANI induced by proton injection, we investigated the relationship between the measured GOD-like activities of the plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) as well as the environment temperature. This work introduces an efficient platform for understanding and characterizing the catalytic activities of nanozymes at the single-nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Su
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Guo
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Kun He
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Zhao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
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Peng Y, Gao C, Deng X, Zhao J, Chen Q. Elucidating the Geometric Active Sites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Crystalline Iron-Substituted Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoplates. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37490501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal (oxy)hydroxides are among the most active and studied catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolytes. However, the geometric distribution of active sites is still elusive. Here, using the well-defined crystalline iron-substituted cobalt hydroxide as a model catalyst, we reported the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) study of single-crystalline nanoplates, where the oxygen evolution reaction at individual nanoplates was isolated and evaluated independently. With integrated prior- and post-SECCM scanning electron microscopy of the catalyst morphology, correlated structure-activity information of individual electrocatalysts was obtained. Our result reveals that while the active sites are largely located at the edges of the pristine Co(OH)2 nanoplates, the Fe lattice incorporation significantly promotes the basal plane activities. Our approach of correlative imaging provides new insights into the effect of iron incorporation on active site distribution across nano-electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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Gao C, Li Y, Zhao J, Sun W, Guang S, Chen Q. Measuring the Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Individual V 2O 5 Particles by Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37392190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
V2O5 is a promising pseudocapacitive material for electrochemical energy storage with balanced power and energy density. Understanding the charge-storage mechanism is of significance to further improve the rate performance. Here, we report an electrochemical study of individual V2O5 particles using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with colocalized electron microscopy. A carbon sputtering procedure is proposed for the pristine V2O5 particles to improve their structure stability and electronic conductivity. The achieved high-quality electrochemical cyclic voltammetry results, structural integrity, and high oxidation to reduction charge ratio (as high as 97.74%) assured further quantitative analysis of the pseudocapacitive behavior of single particles and correlation with local particle structures. A broad range of capacitive contribution is revealed, with an average ratio of 76% at 1.0 V/s. This study provides new opportunities for quantitative analysis of the electrochemical charge-storage process at single particles, especially for electrode materials with electrolyte-induced instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shanyi Guang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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