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Ardoino N, Lunelli L, Pucker G, Vanzetti L, Favaretto R, Pasquardini L, Pederzolli C, Guardiani C, Potrich C. Optimization of Surface Functionalizations for Ring Resonator-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3107. [PMID: 38793970 PMCID: PMC11124806 DOI: 10.3390/s24103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is expected to become widespread in the coming years thanks to point of care devices, which can include label-free biosensors. The surface functionalization of biosensors is a crucial aspect that influences their overall performance, resulting in the accurate, sensitive, and specific detection of target molecules. Here, the surface of a microring resonator (MRR)-based biosensor was functionalized for the detection of protein biomarkers. Among the several existing functionalization methods, a strategy based on aptamers and mercaptosilanes was selected as the most highly performing approach. All steps of the functionalization protocol were carefully characterized and optimized to obtain a suitable protocol to be transferred to the final biosensor. The functionalization protocol comprised a preliminary plasma treatment aimed at cleaning and activating the surface for the subsequent silanization step. Different plasma treatments as well as different silanes were tested in order to covalently bind aptamers specific to different biomarker targets, i.e., C-reactive protein, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and thrombin. Argon plasma and 1% v/v mercaptosilane were found as the most suitable for obtaining a homogeneous layer apt to aptamer conjugation. The aptamer concentration and time for immobilization were optimized, resulting in 1 µM and 3 h, respectively. A final passivation step based on mercaptohexanol was also implemented. The functionalization protocol was then evaluated for the detection of thrombin with a photonic biosensor based on microring resonators. The preliminary results identified the successful recognition of the correct target as well as some limitations of the developed protocol in real measurement conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Ardoino
- FTH S.r.l., Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (N.A.); (R.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (L.V.); (C.P.)
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Georg Pucker
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (L.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Lia Vanzetti
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (L.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Rachele Favaretto
- FTH S.r.l., Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (N.A.); (R.F.); (C.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Pasquardini
- Indivenire S.r.l., Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy;
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pederzolli
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (L.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Guardiani
- FTH S.r.l., Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (N.A.); (R.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Potrich
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (L.V.); (C.P.)
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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Gou Z, Li J, Liu J, Yang N. The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378302. [PMID: 38694824 PMCID: PMC11061421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22-26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA's dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Bethune First Clinical School of Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Cinti S, Tomassi S, Ciardiello C, Migliorino R, Pirozzi M, Leone A, Di Gennaro E, Campani V, De Rosa G, D'Amore VM, Di Maro S, Donati G, Singh S, Raucci A, Di Leva FS, Kessler H, Budillon A, Marinelli L. Paper-based electrochemical device for early detection of integrin αvβ6 expressing tumors. Commun Chem 2024; 7:60. [PMID: 38514757 PMCID: PMC10957923 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in the prevention and diagnosis of cancer, current technologies for tumor detection present several limitations including invasiveness, toxicity, inaccuracy, lengthy testing duration and high cost. Therefore, innovative diagnostic techniques that integrate knowledge from biology, oncology, medicinal and analytical chemistry are now quickly emerging in the attempt to address these issues. Following this approach, here we developed a paper-based electrochemical device for detecting cancer-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (S-EVs) in fluids. S-EVs were obtained from cancer cell lines known to express, at a different level, the αvβ6 integrin receptor, a well-established hallmark of numerous epithelial cancer types. The resulting biosensor turned out to recognize αvβ6-containing S-EVs down to a limit of 0.7*103 S-EVs/mL with a linear range up to 105 S-EVs /mL, and a relative standard deviation of 11%, thus it may represent a novel opportunity for αvβ6 expressing cancers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cinti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Migliorino
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Second Unit, Institute of Experimenal Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Campani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department DiSTABiF, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Raucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Singh S, Raucci A, Cimmino W, Cinti S. Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3698-3706. [PMID: 38377543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have caused a significant revolution in cancer diagnosis, and the use of point of care (PoC) platforms has the potential to bring liquid biopsy-based cancer detection closer to patients. These platforms provide rapid and on-site analysis by reducing the time between sample collection and results output. The aim of this tutorial content is to provide readers an in-depth understanding regarding the choice of the ideal sensing platform suitable for specific cancer-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Wang W, Liu L, Zhu J, Xing Y, Jiao S, Wu Z. AI-Enhanced Visual-Spectral Synergy for Fast and Ultrasensitive Biodetection of Breast Cancer-Related miRNAs. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6266-6275. [PMID: 38252138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In biomedical testing, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced analysis has gradually been applied to the diagnosis of certain diseases. This research employs AI algorithms to refine the precision of integrative detection, encompassing both visual results and fluorescence spectra from lateral flow assays (LFAs), which signal the presence of cancer-linked miRNAs. Specifically, the color shift of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is paired with the red fluorescence from nitrogen vacancy color centers (NV-centers) in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) and is integrated into LFA strips. While GNPs amplify the fluorescence of FNDs, in turn, FNDs enhance the color intensity of GNPs. This reciprocal intensification of fluorescence and color can be synergistically augmented with AI algorithms, thereby improving the detection sensitivity for early diagnosis. Supported by the detection platform based on this strategy, the fastest detection results with a limit of detection (LOD) at the fM level and the R2 value of ∼0.9916 for miRNA can be obtained within 5 min. Meanwhile, by labeling the capture probes for miRNA-21 and miRNA-96 (both of which are early indicators of breast cancer) on separate T-lines, simultaneous detection of them can be achieved. The miRNA detection methods employed in this study may potentially be applied in the future for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlong Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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Raucci A, Cimmino W, Romanò S, Singh S, Normanno N, Polo F, Cinti S. Electrochemical detection of miRNA using commercial and hand-made screen-printed electrodes: liquid biopsy for cancer management as case of study. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300203. [PMID: 38333968 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth of liquid biopsy, i. e., the possibility of obtaining health information by analysing circulating species (nucleic acids, cells, proteins, and vesicles) in peripheric biofluids, is pushing the field of sensors and biosensors beyond the limit to provide decentralised solutions for nonspecialists. In particular, among all the circulating species that can be adopted in managing cancer evolution, both for diagnostic and prognostic applications, microRNAs have been highly studied and detected. The development of electrochemical devices is particularly relevant for liquid biopsy purposes, and the screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represent one of the building blocks for producing novel portable devices. In this work, we have taken miR-2115-3p as model target (it is related to lung cancer), and we have developed a biosensor by exploiting the use of a complementary DNA probe modified with methylene blue as redox mediator. In particular, the chosen sensing architecture was applied to serum measurements of the selected miRNA, obtaining a detection limit within the low nanomolar range; in addition, various platforms were interrogated, namely commercial and hand-made SPEs, with the aim of providing the reader with some insights about the optimal platform to be used by considering both the cost and the analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IRCCS) Fondazione Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
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