2,5-Bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands and their Cu(I) complexes for Sonogashira coupling reaction

Copper Catalysts Anchored on Cysteine-Functionalized Polydopamine-Coated Magnetite Particles: A Versatile Platform for Enhanced Coupling Reactions

Cysteine plays a crucial role in the development of an efficient copper-catalyst system, where its thiol group serves as a strong anchoring site for metal coordination. By immobilizing copper onto cysteine-modified, polydopamine-coated magnetite particles, this advanced catalytic platform exhibits exceptional stability and catalytic activity. Chemical modification of the polydopamine (PDA) surface with cysteine enhances copper salt immobilization, leading to the formation of the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform. This system was evaluated in palladium-free, copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions, effectively catalyzing the coupling of terminal acetylenes with aryl halides. Additionally, the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform was employed in click reactions, confirming the enhanced catalytic efficiency due to increased copper content. The reusability of the platform was further investigated, demonstrating improved performance, especially in recyclability tests in click reaction, making it a promising candidate for sustainable heterogeneous catalysis.

trans-Hydroalkynylation of Internal 1,3-Enynes Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis

A cooperative catalyst system involving a Pd(0)/Senphos complex, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, copper bromide, and an amine base, is demonstrated to catalyze trans-hydroalkynylation of internal 1,3-enynes. For the first time, a Lewis acid catalyst is shown to promote the reaction involving the emerging outer-sphere oxidative reaction step. The resulting cross-conjugated dieneynes are versatile synthons for organic synthesis, and their characterization reveals distinct photophysical properties depending on the positioning of the donor/acceptor substituents along the conjugation path.

Copper-catalyzed deacetonative Sonogashira coupling

A convenient Pd- and phosphine-free protocol for assembling internal alkynes from tertiary propargyl alcohols and (het)aryl halides has been developed. The proposed tandem approach includes the base-promoted retro-Favorskii fragmentation followed by Cu-catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp²) cross-coupling. The use of inexpensive reagents (e.g. a catalyst, additives, a base, and a solvent) and good functional group tolerance make the procedure practical and cost-effective. The synthetic utility of the method was demonstrated by a smooth alkynylation of vinyl iodides derived from natural steroidal hormones.

Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Copper(I) Coordination Strategy Employing a 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Containing Wide-Bandgap Copolymer Donor

A novel wide-bandgap copolymer of PBDT-ODZ based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b' ]dithiophene (BDT) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (ODZ) blocks is developed for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF-PSCs). PBDT-ODZ exhibits a wide bandgap of 2.12 eV and a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.68 eV, which could match well with the low-bandgap acceptor of 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylthienyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene (ITIC-Th), inducing a good complementary absorption from 300 to 800 nm and a minimal HOMO level offset (0.1 eV). The PBDT-ODZ:ITIC-Th devices exhibit a large open-circuit voltage (V_oc ) of 1.08 eV and a low energy loss (E_loss ) of 0.50 eV, delivering a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.12%. By adding a small amount of copper(I) iodide (CuI) as an additive to form coordination complexes in the active blends, much higher device performances are achieved due to the improved absorption and crystallinity. After incorporating 4% of CuI, the PCE is elevated to 12.34%, with a V_oc of 1.06 V, a J_sc of 17.1 mA cm^-2 and a fill factor of 68.1%. This work not only provides a novel oxadiazole-containing wide-bandgap polymeric donor candidate for high-performance NF-PSCs but also presents an efficient morphology-optimization approach to elevate the PCE of NF-PSCs for future practical applications.

N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized copper nanoparticles as a catalyst precursor for Sonogashira–Hagihara cross coupling

We found that DMF-stabilized Cu NPs have high catalytic activity in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction at low catalyst loadings (0.2 mol%).

Recent advances and perspectives in copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions

The review highlights the origin, development, mechanistic insights and recent applications of Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions.