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Ceccherini V, Giorgi E, Mannelli M, Cirri D, Gamberi T, Gabbiani C, Pratesi A. Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Hydrophilic Gold(I) and Silver(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Potential Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16949-16963. [PMID: 39226133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of new gold(I) and silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing a 1-thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate moiety was synthesized and chemically characterized. The compounds' stability and solubility in physiological conditions were investigated employing a multitechnique approach. Interaction studies with biologically relevant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and human serum albumin (HSA), were conducted via UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry. The biological activity of the compounds was evaluated in the A2780 and A2780R (cisplatin-resistant) ovarian cancer cell lines and the HSkMC (human skeletal muscle) healthy cell line. Inhibition studies of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) were also carried out. The results highlighted that the gold complexes are more stable in aqueous environment and capable of interaction with SOD and HSA. Moreover, these carbenes strongly inhibited the TrxR activity. In contrast, the silver ones underwent structural alterations in the aqueous medium and showed greater antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceccherini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ester Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Wanjari PJ, Saha N, Dubey G, Bharatam PV. Metal-free methods for the generation of benzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Shaikh SA, Bhat SS, Revankar VK, S. N, Kumara K, Lokanath NK, Butcher RJ, Kumbar V, Bhat K. Copper( i) complexes with quinolone appended 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates: structural characterization, DNA and protein binding and cytotoxicity studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of copper(i) complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha A. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish S. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Naveen S.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Karthik Kumara
- Department of Physics, BMS College of Engineering, Bangaluru-560017, India
| | - N. K. Lokanath
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Vijay Kumbar
- Maratha Mandal's Central Research Laboratory, Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Maratha Mandal's Central Research Laboratory, Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Flores JC, Silbestri GF, de Jesús E. Water-soluble transition-metal complexes with hydrophilic N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for aqueous-phase applications. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Pawar A, Gajare S, Jagdale A, Patil S, Chandane W, Rashinkar G, Patil S. Supported NHC-Benzimi@Cu Complex as a Magnetically Separable and Reusable Catalyst for the Multicomponent and Click Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles via Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Serdaroğlu G, Şahin N, Şahin-Bölükbaşı S, Üstün E. Novel Ag(I)-NHC complex: synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity, molecular docking, and quantum chemical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:21-36. [PMID: 34225394 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of organometallic complexes in cancer biology has attracted attention in recent years. In this paper, we look for the in vitro cytotoxic capability of novel benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor (1) and its Ag(I)-NHC complex (2). For this purpose, these novel Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) was characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)). Then, in vitro cytotoxic activities of NHC precursor (1) and Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) were investigated against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 human breast, DU-145 prostate cancer cells, and L-929 healthy cells using MTT assay for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation times. Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against all cell lines for three incubation times, with IC50 values lower than 5 µM. It was also determined that (NHC) precursor (1) were lower in vitro cytotoxic activity than Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against all cell lines. Selectivity indexes (SIs) of Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against cancer cells were found higher than 2 for 24 and 48 h incubation time. Besides, the electronic structure and spectroscopic data of the newly synthesized precursor and its Ag-complex have been supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking analysis. After, the anticancer activity of these compounds has been discussed considering the results of the frontier molecular orbital analysis. We hope that the obtained results from the experiments and computational tools will bring a new perspective to cancer research in terms of supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncagül Serdaroğlu
- Math. and Sci. Edu., Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şahin
- Department of Basic Education, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research, and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
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Pawar A, Gajare S, Patil A, Kurane R, Rashinkar G, Patil S. One-pot multicomponent synthesis of N-sulfonyl amidines using magnetic separable nanoparticles-decorated N-heterocyclic carbene complex with copper. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Nayak S, Gaonkar SL. Coinage Metal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Recent Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1360-1390. [PMID: 33277791 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New weapons are constantly needed in the fight against cancer. The discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer drug prompted the search for new metal complexes. The successful history of cisplatin motivated chemists to develop a plethora of metal-based molecules. Among them, metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have gained significant attention because of their suitable qualities for efficient drug design. The enhanced applications of coinage metal-NHC complexes have encouraged a gradually increasing number of studies in the fields of medicinal chemistry that benefit from the fascinating chemical properties of these complexes. This review aims to present recent developments in synthetic strategies and medicinal applications of copper, silver and gold complexes supported by NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnagowri Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Allahresani A, Naghdi E, Ali Nasseri M. Catalytic activity of Co(II) Salen@KCC-1 on the synthesis of 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazoles and benzimidazoles. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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de Oliveira Viana J, Monteiro AFM, Filho JMB, Scotti L, Scotti MT. The Azoles in Pharmacochemistry: Perspectives on the Synthesis of New Compounds and Chemoinformatic Contributions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4702-4716. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191125090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
:
Due to their versatile biological activity, Azoles are widely studied in pharmacochemistry. It is possible
to use them in many applications and in studies aimed at discovering antiparasitic, antineoplastic, antiviral,
antimicrobial compounds; and in the production of materials for treatment of varied pathologies. Based on their
biological activity, our review presents several studies that involve this class of organic compounds. A bibliographic
survey of this type can effectively contribute to pharmaceutical sciences, stimulating the discovery of new
compounds, and structural improvements to biological profiles of interest. In this review, articles are discussed
involving the synthesis of new compounds and chemoinformatic contributions. Current applications of azoles in
both the pharmaceutical and agri-business sectors are well known, yet as this research highlights, azole compounds
can also bring important contributions to the fight against many diseases. Among the heterocyclics, azoles
are increasingly studied by research groups around the world for application against tuberculosis, HIV, fungal and
bacterial infections; and against parasites such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Our hope is that this work
will help arouse the interest of research groups planning to develop new bioactives to fight against these and
other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Program (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brazil
| | - Alex France Messias Monteiro
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Program (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Program (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Program (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Program (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brazil
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11
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Wang M, Wu Y, Xu C, Zhao R, Huang Y, Zeng X, Chen T. Design and Synthesis of 2-(5-Phenylindol-3-yl)benzimidazole Derivatives with Antiproliferative Effects towards Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Activation of ROS-Mediated Mitochondria Dysfunction. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2648-2655. [PMID: 31144429 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are widely studied because of their broad-spectrum biological activity, such as antitumor properties and excellent fluorescence performance. Herein, two types of 2-(5-phenylindol-3-yl)benzimidazole derivatives (1 a-1 h and 2 a-2 e) were rationally designed and synthesized. When these compounds were investigated in vitro anti-screening assays, we found that all of them possessed antitumor effect, in particular compound 1 b, which showed an outstanding antiproliferative effect on MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 ≈2.6 μm). A study of the drug action mechanisms in cells showed that the antitumor activity of the compounds is proportional to their lipophilicity and cellular uptake; the tested compounds all entered the lysosome of MDA-MB-231 cells and caused changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and then caused mitochondrial damage. Apparent differences in the ROS levels for each compound suggest that the lethality of these compounds towards MDA-MB-231 cells is closely related to the ROS levels. Taken together, this study not only provides a theoretical basis for 2-(5-phenylindol-3-yl)benzimidazole anticarcinogens but also offers new thinking on the rational design of next-generation antitumor benzimidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cuifang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rucheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangchao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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12
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Karataş MO, Çalgın G, Alıcı B, Gökçe B, Gençer N, Taşkın Tok T, Arslan O, Kılıç‐Cıkla I, Özdemir N. Inhibition of paraoxonase 1 by coumarin‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene silver(I), ruthenium(II) and palladium(II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Olgun Karataş
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistryİnönü University +9044280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Gamze Çalgın
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistryİnönü University +9044280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Bülent Alıcı
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistryİnönü University +9044280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Başak Gökçe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of BiochemistrySüleymen Demirel University +9032260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Nahit Gençer
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryBalıkesir University +9010440 Balıkesir Turkey
| | - Tuğba Taşkın Tok
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryGaziantep University +9027310 Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryBalıkesir University +9010440 Balıkesir Turkey
| | - Işın Kılıç‐Cıkla
- Department of General SecretaryOndokuz Mayıs University +9055139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science EducationOndokuz Mayıs University +9055139 Samsun Turkey
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Naikwade A, Jagadale M, Kale D, Gajare S, Bansode P, Rashinkar G. Intramolecular O‐arylation using nano‐magnetite supported
N
‐heterocyclic carbene‐copper complex with wingtip ferrocene. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megha Jagadale
- Department of ChemistryShivaji University Kolhapur 416004, M.S. India
| | - Dolly Kale
- Department of ChemistryShivaji University Kolhapur 416004, M.S. India
| | - Shivanand Gajare
- Department of ChemistryShivaji University Kolhapur 416004, M.S. India
| | - Prakash Bansode
- Department of ChemistryShivaji University Kolhapur 416004, M.S. India
| | - Gajanan Rashinkar
- Department of ChemistryShivaji University Kolhapur 416004, M.S. India
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Cingolani A, Zanotti V, Zacchini S, Massi M, Simpson PV, Maheshkumar Desai N, Casari I, Falasca M, Rigamonti L, Mazzoni R. Synthesis, reactivity and preliminary biological activity of iron(0) complexes with cyclopentadienone and amino-appendedN-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cingolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università degli Studi di Bologna; viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Valerio Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università degli Studi di Bologna; viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università degli Studi di Bologna; viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth 6845 Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- School of Molecular and Life Science - Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth 6845 Western Australia Australia
| | - Nima Maheshkumar Desai
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth 6102 Western Australia Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth 6102 Western Australia Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth 6102 Western Australia Australia
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università degli Studi di Bologna; viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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Ritter F, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Okuda J. A Masked Cuprous Hydride as a Catalyst for Carbonyl Hydrosilylation in Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1818-1822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
- Current address: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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Ritter F, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Okuda J. Ein maskiertes Kupferhydrid als Katalysator für die Carbonylhydrosilylierung in wässrigen Lösungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Derzeitige Adresse: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur Westbengalen 721302 Indien
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur Westbengalen 721302 Indien
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Geigle S, Rasale DB, Gillingham D. Synthesis of Various Water Soluble and Stable Copper Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Their Activity in DNA Alkylation. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Geigle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dnyaneshwar B. Rasale
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dennis Gillingham
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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