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Zapater C, Aguirre MÁ, González-Gallardo N, Ramón DJ, Vidal L, Canals A. Determination of Fe, Cu, and Pb in edible oils using choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction associated with microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 274:125939. [PMID: 38547838 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A new simple, fast and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-based DLLME) methodology assisted by vortex is presented for the separation and preconcentration of three elements (i.e., Fe, Cu and Pb) from edible oil samples (i.e., soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame, and olive oil) prior to the determination by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES). The deep eutectic solvent selected as extractant (i.e., choline chloride and ethylene glycol, 1:2) is synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the extraction conditions are optimized by a two steps experimental design. Under the optimum extraction conditions (i.e., diluted sample weight: 8.6 g; DES volume: 100 μL; extraction time: 1 min; centrifugation time and speed: 3 min and 3000 rpm; and dispersion system: vortex) the analytical method presents excellent linearity (i.e., R2 values higher than 0.99) in the range 10-500 μg kg-1, repeatability (i.e., CV values lower than 9.2%), and limits of detection (LOD) values of 3, 2 and 0.7 μg kg-1 for Pb, Fe and Cu, respectively. None of the analytes displayed amounts over the upper limit permitted by law, and recovery values of all analytes evaluated in the different samples using external standard calibration were close to 100%, which excludes significant matrix effects. Finally, AGREEprep metric has been used to evaluate the method greenness (final score of 0.47) and it has been compared successfully with previous publications for the same type of analytes and matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zapater
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nerea González-Gallardo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego J Ramón
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Canals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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Mdluli NS, Nomngongo PN, Mketo N. A Critical Review on Application of Extraction Methods Prior to Spectrometric Determination of Trace-Metals in Oily Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1-18. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1781591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Njabulo S. Mdluli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N. Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomvano Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Baldo MA, Stortini AM, Oliveri P, Leardi R, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Electrochemical preconcentration coupled with spectroscopic techniques for trace lead analysis in olive oils. Talanta 2020; 210:120667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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