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Pirela V, Elgoyhen J, Tomovska R, Martín J, Le CMQ, Chemtob A, Bessif B, Heck B, Reiter G, Müller AJ. Unraveling the Complex Polymorphic Crystallization Behavior of the Alternating Copolymer DMDS- alt-DVE. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:5260-5269. [PMID: 37469882 PMCID: PMC10353521 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A complex crystallization behavior was observed for the alternating copolymer DMDS-alt-DVE synthesized via thiol-ene step-growth polymerization. Understanding the underlying complex crystallization processes of such innovative polythioethers is critical for their application, for example, in polymer coating technologies. These alternating copolymers have polymorphic traits, resulting in different phases that may display distinct crystalline structures. The copolymer DMDS-alt-DVE was studied in an earlier work, where only two crystalline phases were reported: a low melting, L - Tm, and high melting, H - Tm phase. Remarkably, the H - Tm form was only achieved by the previous formation and melting of the L - Tm form. We applied calorimetric techniques encompassing seven orders of magnitude in scanning rates to further explore this complex polymorphic behavior. Most importantly, by rapidly quenching the sample to temperatures well below room temperature, we detected an additional polymorphic form (characterized by a very low melting phase, denoted VL - Tm). Moreover, through tailored thermal protocols, we successfully produced samples containing only one, two, or all three polymorphs, providing insights into their interrelationships. Understanding polymorphism, crystallization, and the resulting morphological differences can have significant implications and potential impact on mechanical resistance and barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirela
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Justine Elgoyhen
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
- Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Esteiro, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol 15403, Spain
| | - Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex 68057, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex 68057, France
| | - Brahim Bessif
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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Wu H, Dave F, Mokhtari M, Ali MM, Sherlock R, McIlhagger A, Tormey D, McFadden S. On the Application of Vickers Micro Hardness Testing to Isotactic Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091804. [PMID: 35566972 PMCID: PMC9102282 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hardness is a useful measure of a material’s resistance to permanent indentation; but for viscoelastic polymers, hardness data are highly dependent on the test type and the parameter set chosen. Vickers microhardness testing is used to leave small indents (<150 µm) and is shown to be applicable to polymers. A detailed investigation of the required steps for microhardness testing in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is provided. Samples should be mounted in epoxy resin in order to maintain curing temperatures at room temperature. Mounted samples can be ground and polished in a semi-automatic polisher using graduated SiC paper (wet grinding) but progressing onto alumina suspension for polishing. Final polishing should be performed with 0.05-µm alumina suspension. The hardness measured was shown to be dependent on load and dwell time with a much greater dependency on dwell time. Strain recovery was shown to be completed after a time period equal to the dwell time. This study shows that indents can be measured thereafter, and it is recommended that they be measured within a 24 h period after the indent was created. After data fitting, the equation for hardness was shown to follow a power law with load and dwell time as the main variables. Fitting parameters were compared to those found in the literature, and it was found that parameters were significantly different to those reported elsewhere. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of calibrating on a case-by-case basis. Finally, to show the usefulness of the Vickers micro-hardness testing method, the calibrated test method was applied on iPP with additions of carbon black up to 3 wt.%. Comparisons were made with data from the literature, but the hardness data generated in our work were found to be at least twice that reported in the literature. The testing parameters were not cited in the literature: specifically, the dwell time was not provided, and this generated doubt on the usefulness of the cited data. Hence, this work is intended to serve as an exemplar of how to prepare and proceed with hardness testing of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Foram Dave
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Mozaffar Mokhtari
- National Graphene Institute and Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Richard Sherlock
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | | | - David Tormey
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Shaun McFadden
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (S.M.)
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Peng W, Sun F, Liang Y, Kang J, Chen J, Wang W, Cao Y, Xiang M. Exploring the Effects of MXene on Nonisothermal Crystallization and Melting Behavior of β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3815. [PMID: 34771377 PMCID: PMC8587744 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, one of the commonly used MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and β nucleated isotactic polypropylene (β-iPP)/MXene composites of different compositions were fabricated. The effects of MXene on non-isothermal crystallization and polymorphic behavior of β-iPP/MXene composites were comparatively studied. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics indicates that for all samples, the lower cooling rates promote composites to crystallize at higher temperatures. When MXene and β-Nucleating agent (β-NA) are added separately, the crystallization temperature of composites shifts towards higher temperatures at all cooling rates. When MXene and β-NA are added simultaneously, the composite shows different cooling rate dependence, and the effects of improving crystallization temperatures is more obvious under rapid cooling. The activation energy of four samples iPP, iPP/MXene, iPP/β-NA, and iPP/MXene/β-NA were -167.5, -185.5, -233.8, and -218.1 kJ/mol respectively, which agree with the variation tendency of crystallization temperatures. The polymorphic behavior analysis obtained from Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) is affected by two factors: the ability to form β-crystals and the thermal stability of β-crystals. Because β-crystals tend to recrystallize to α-crystals below a critical temperature, to eliminate the effect of β-α recrystallization, the melting curves at end temperatures Tend = 50 °C and Tend = 100 °C are comparatively studied. The results show that more thermally unstable β-crystals would participate in β-α recrystallization with higher cooling rates. Moreover, thermal stability of β-crystals is improved by adding MXene. To further verify these findings, samples of three different thermal conditions were synthesized and analyzed by DSC, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM), and the results were consistent with the above findings. New understandings of synthesizing β-iPP/MXene composites with adjustable morphologies and polymorphic behavior were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Furui Sun
- Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Yuke Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Jinyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.P.); (Y.L.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (M.X.)
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Shklyaruk BF, Gerasin VA, Guseva MA, Maletina VV. Influence of the Crystalline Structure of Components and the Boundary Layer between Them on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene–High Density Polyethylene Composites. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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He M, Shi H, Chang B, Zheng G, Cao W, Liu C, Shen C. The Synergistic Effect of Rare‐Earth Complex Nucleating Agent and Graphene Oxide on the Non‐Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of iPP Originating From the Diverse Self‐Assembly Morphology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Resources and Materials Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Baobao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
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Effect of Wood Fiber Loading on the Chemical and Thermo-Rheological Properties of Unrecycled and Recycled Wood-Polymer Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel wood fiber (WF)-polypropylene composites were developed using the extrusion process with a twin-screw extruder. The influence of different mass addition of WF to unrecycled polypropylene (PP) and recycled PP (R-PP) on the chemical, thermal and rheological properties of the processed WF-PP and WF-R-PP composites was investigated. For this purpose, the chemical surface structure of the composites was followed with ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy), while the thermal properties of the WF-PP composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the crystalline structure of the composites was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Finally, the rheology of the materials was also studied. It was observed that a stronger particle formation at high additional concentrations was observed in the case of recycled PP material. The addition of WF over 20% by weight increased the crystallinity as a result of the incorporation and reorganization of the WF and also their reinforcing effect. The addition of WF to pure PP had an influence on the crystallization process, which due to the new β phase and γ phase PP formation showed an increased degree of crystallinity of the composites and led to a polymorphic structure of the composites WF-PP. From the rheological test, we can conclude that the addition of WF changed the rheological behavior of the material, as WF hindered the movement of the polymeric material. At lower concentrations, the change was less pronounced, although we observed more drastic changes in the material behavior at concentrations high enough that WF could form a 3D network (percolation point about 20%).
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Tranchida D, Kandioller G, Schwarz P, Schaffer W, Gahleitner M. Novel characterization of the β → α crystalline phase transition of isotactic polypropylene through high‐temperature atomic force microscopy imaging and nanoindentation. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Schwarz
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters Linz Austria
| | - Walter Schaffer
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters Linz Austria
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8
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Dependence of β-crystal formation of isotactic polypropylene on crystallization conditions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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S Wadi V, Jena KK, Halique K, Alhassan SM. Enhanced Mechanical Toughness of Isotactic Polypropylene Using Bulk Molybdenum Disulfide. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11394-11401. [PMID: 32478228 PMCID: PMC7254506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of bulk molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the reinforcing agent to enhance the toughness of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The iPP-MoS2 nanocomposites with varying amounts of MoS2 (0.1 to 5 wt %) were prepared by a one-step melt extrusion method, and the effects of MoS2 on the morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were evaluated by different instrumental techniques such as Raman, ATR-FTIR, UTM, TEM, TGA, and DSC. TEM images showed the uniform dispersion of multilayer MoS2 in the polymer matrix, and XRD results suggested the formation of the β phase when a low amount of MoS2 is loaded in the composites. Mechanical tests revealed a significant increase in the toughness and elongation at break (300-400%) in the composites containing low amounts of MoS2 (0.25 to 0.5 wt %). Enhanced toughness and elongation in iPP could be related to the combined effect of the β phase and the exfoliation of bulk MoS2 under applied stress. The thermal stability of the composites was also improved with the increase in MoS2 loading. Direct utilization of bulk MoS2 and one-step melt extrusion process could be a cost-effective method to induce high elasticity and toughness in iPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Wadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kishore K. Jena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kevin Halique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed M. Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
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Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071198. [PMID: 31319580 PMCID: PMC6680460 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber with different content and different kinds of compatibilizers were used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRP) composites. β-nucleating agent with different content was used to prepare β-polypropylene (PP), after which the toughness, crystallization ability and heat resistance were all enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the crystallite degree and crystallization ability were all greatly improved and β-PP was in dominant position. At last, both β-nucleating agent and glass fiber were used to modify the PP composites (β-GFRP). The formation of β-form PP made the matrix softer, which was beneficial for energy absorption and enhancement of toughness. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved dramatically, which were attributed to the coeffect of framework structure of GF and β-form PP.
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Liu Y, Yao X, Fan C, Wang B, Hu J. Effect of a smectic liquid crystal polymer as new β-nucleating agent on crystallization structure, melting, and rheological behavior of isotactic polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Xu F, Wu T, Shi X, Pan L. A study on a special DNA nanotube assembled from two single-stranded tiles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:115602. [PMID: 30566929 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf9bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-stranded tile (SST) strategy offers precise control over the circumferences of nanotubes while the kinetic trap in the process of the self-assembly prevents the formation of wider tubes. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to build DNA nanotubes using only 2 SSTs via one-pot annealing. The diameters of the 2-SST nanotubes were much larger than what the kinetic trap theory would predict, indicating a new mechanism was at play in the formation of these nanotubes. Further investigation suggested that the 2-SST nanotubes were assembled through a hierarchical pathway that involved an intermediate formation of 2-SST nano-lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China, School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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13
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Dong M, Xu YH, Zhang SJ, Xu K, Zhang LY, Lv Y, Bai YQ, Chen RS. An Effective α/β Nucleating Agent Compoundfor the Preparation of Polypropylene. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The crystallization behavior and mechanical properties were investigated by mixing the traditional α-form nucleating agent (sodium benzoate, SB) and commercialized β-form nucleating agent (TMB-5) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP). Mechanical properties were evaluated by universal testing machines. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to illustrate the crystallization behavior. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) was adopted to observe the crystal morphologies. The experimental results show that the weight ratio of two types of nucleating agents determines the final crystal structure and mechanical properties of iPP. When the weight ratio of [SB] : [TMB-5] is 4 : 1, the impact strength and flexural modulus of iPP reach a maximum value. Compared with the single component β-form nucleating agent, the compound nucleating agent exhibits significant synergistic effect and shows better mechanical properties. It is expected that this new nucleation system will have potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dong
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - Y. H. Xu
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - S. J. Zhang
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - K. Xu
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - L. Y. Zhang
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - Y. Lv
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - Y. Q. Bai
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
| | - R. S. Chen
- Polymer R&D Center , SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing , PRC
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14
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Perpendicular orientation between dispersed rubber and polypropylene molecules in an oriented sheet. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-017-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Preparation and nucleation effects of nucleating agent hexahydrophthalic acid metal salts for isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Gao X, Huang Z, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Liang J. Influence of injection rate on crystallization of injection-molded β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhigao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Junjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
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Wu Z, Wang G, Zhang M, Wang K, Fu Q. Facilely assess the soluble behaviour of the β-nucleating agent by gradient temperature field for the construction of heterogeneous crystalline-frameworks in iPP. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:594-601. [PMID: 26508450 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleating agent (NA) species with solubility and self-assembly abilities can readily and effectively manipulate the crystalline morphology of semicrystalline polymers through the construction of heterogeneous frameworks prior to the primary crystallization of basal resins. However, the solubility of NA species is difficult to assess by the current traditional methods. In this study, gradient temperature field (g-T field) was utilized for the first time to ascertain the dissolution and self-assembly behaviors of β-NA in the melts of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The g-T field technique can facilely assess the soluble behavior of β-NA by determining the transformation between several NA frameworks, namely the needle-, flower- and dendrite-like supramolecular structures. Clarifying the soluble behavior of β-NA is of great significance to guide the formation of various crystalline frameworks under the homo-temperature fields and control the resultant crystalline morphology of β-modified iPP. Some interesting findings are summarized as follows: (1) an in situ observation under the g-T field clearly indicates the sequential occurrence of various nucleation and crystallization events in the same observed window, and proves the migration of well molten β-NA, (2) the exact correlation between Tf and framework type reveals that an abrupt transformation (over the narrow temperature range of 1 °C) occurred between needle-like and dendrite-like frameworks, (3) the primary crystallization of iPP is strongly dependent on the construction mode of the β-NA framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chen Z, Kang W, Kang J, Chen J, Yang F, Cao Y, Xiang M. Non-isothermal crystallization behavior and melting behavior of Ziegler–Natta isotactic polypropylene with different stereo-defect distribution nucleated with bi-component β-nucleation agent. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Papageorgiou DG, Chrissafis K, Bikiaris DN. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Processing, Properties and Nanocomposites. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1019136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Pedrazzoli D, Pegoretti A, Kalaitzidou K. Understanding the effect of silica nanoparticles and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pedrazzoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Trento 38123 Italy
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering-Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30336
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Trento 38123 Italy
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering-Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30336
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30322
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21
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Quantification of highly oriented nucleating agent in PP-R by IR-microscopy, polarised light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Crystallization behavior and morphology of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo-defect distribution. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Kang J, Wang B, Peng H, Li J, Chen J, Gai J, Cao Y, Li H, Yang F, Xiang M. Investigation on the dynamic crystallization and melting behavior of β
-nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo-defect distribution-the role of dual-selective β
-nucleation agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hongmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jinggang Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Polymer Research Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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24
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25
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Schuster T, Rode K, Brüll R, Heinemann J, Haupt H. Spatially resolved monitoring of crystalline suprastructure and molecular orientation in α- and β-nucleated polypropylene pipes using differential scanning calorimetry, infrared microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten Rode
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer LBF 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Robert Brüll
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer LBF 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jürgen Heinemann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Zentrum für Konstruktionswerkstoffe (MPA IfW) 64283 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hansgeorg Haupt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Zentrum für Konstruktionswerkstoffe (MPA IfW) 64283 Darmstadt Germany
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26
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Sun J, Li Q, Yao XJ, Hu JS, Qi Y. Influence of two liquid crystalline polysiloxanes with different average molecular weight as new β-nucleator on crystallization structure of isotactic polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-0969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Kang J, Gai J, Li J, Chen S, Peng H, Wang B, Cao Y, Li H, Chen J, Yang F, Xiang M. Dynamic crystallization and melting behavior of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene polymerized with different Ziegler-Natta catalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Benavente R, Caveda S, Pérez E, Blazquez E, Peña B, Grieken RV, Suárez I. Influence of β-nucleation on polymorphism and properties in random copolymers and terpolymers of propylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Shi Y, Sun B, Zhou Z, Wangatia LM, Chen L, Zhu M. Polypropylene Nanocomposites Based on Synthetic Organic-Soluble Ag Nanocrystals with Prominent β-nucleating Effect: Quiescent Crystallization and Melting Behavior. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.680374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Lodrick M. Wangatia
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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30
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Zhan KJ, Yang W, Yue L, Xie BH, Yang MB. MWCNTs Supported N,N′-Dicyclohexyl-1,5-diamino-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide: A Novel β-Nucleating Agent for Polypropylene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.676366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Zhan
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Wei Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Liang Yue
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Bang-Hu Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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31
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Roy S, Lee BJ, Kakish ZM, Jana SC. Exploiting POSS–Sorbitol Interactions: Issues of Reinforcement of Isotactic Polypropylene Spun Fibers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202783p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Roy
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
| | - Byoung J. Lee
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
| | - Zahi M. Kakish
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
| | - Sadhan C. Jana
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
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32
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Naffakh M, Marco C, Ellis G. Novel Polypropylene/Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 Nanocomposites Containing a β-Nucleating Agent: Isothermal Crystallization and Melting Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1788-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2099703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naffakh
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Marco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Lv R, Li Z, Na B, Zou S, Pan H. Cooperative effect of molecular orientation and β-form on toughening injection-molded isotactic polypropylene with β-nucleating agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Junping Z, Mai K. β-Nucleation of pimelic acid supported on metal oxides in isotactic polypropylene. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Naffakh M, Marco C, Ellis G. Novel Polypropylene/Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 Nanocomposites Containing a β-Nucleating Agent: Dynamic Crystallization and Melting Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10836-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2058194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naffakh
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Marco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Zhao S, Xu N, Xin Z, Jiang C. A novel highly efficient β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Varga J, Stoll K, Menyhárd A, Horváth Z. Crystallization of isotactic polypropylene in the presence of a β-nucleating agent based on a trisamide of trimesic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Pang Y, Dong X, Zhao Y, Han CC, Wang D. Phase separation induced morphology evolution andcorresponding impact fracture behavior of iPP/PEOc blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Zhang Z, Chen C, Wang C, Junping Z, Mai K. A novel highly efficient β-nucleating agent for polypropylene using nano-CaCO3 as a support. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Luo F, Wang K, Ning N, Geng C, Deng H, Chen F, Fu Q, Qian Y, Zheng D. Dependence of mechanical properties on β-form content and crystalline morphology for β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Zhao S, Xin Z. Nucleation characteristics of the α/β compounded nucleating agents and their influences on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Kang J, Chen J, Cao Y, Li H. Effects of ultrasound on the conformation and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene and β-isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Abraham F, Ganzleben S, Hanft D, Smith P, Schmidt HW. Synthesis and Structure-Efficiency Relations of 1,3,5-Benzenetrisamides as Nucleating Agents and Clarifiers for Isotactic Poly(propylene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Zhang YF, Li X, Wei XS. Isothermal Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene Nucleated with Nucleating Agent Bicyclic [2,2,1] heptane di-carboxylate. J MACROMOL SCI B 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340903275693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Shan Wei
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha, China
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45
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Guo X, Zhao S, Xin Z. Influence of lanthanum stearate on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Housmans JW, Gahleitner M, Peters GW, Meijer HE. Structure–property relations in molded, nucleated isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Yamaguchi M, Fukui T, Okamoto K, Sasaki S, Uchiyama Y, Ueoka C. Anomalous molecular orientation of isotactic polypropylene sheet containing N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Uchiyama Y, Iwasaki S, Ueoka C, Fukui T, Okamoto K, Yamaguchi M. Molecular orientation and mechanical anisotropy of polypropylene sheet containingN,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Dou Q. Effect ofN,N′-diphenyl adipamide on the formation of the β-crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Durmus A, Yalçınyuva T. Effects of additives on non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and morphology of isotactic polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-008-9252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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