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Chang HY, Chiu PH, Tsao HK, Sheng YJ. Strengthening mechanism of the mechanical properties of graft copolymers with incompatible pendant groups: nano-clusters and weak cross-linking. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5730-5737. [PMID: 34018539 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the adhesive property and mechanical strength of an apolar polymer can be improved by grafting with polar side chains, whereas the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this work, the equilibrium structure and mechanical moduli of the melt of graft copolymers have been explored by dissipative particle dynamics. Due to the strong immiscibility of the non-polar backbone and polar side chains, nano-clusters of side chains formed and acted as physical crosslinkers. Moreover, non-affinity adsorption of polar side chains in the melt to the wall was observed, revealing an improvement in the adhesion property. Subjecting graft copolymers to cyclic deformation, the storage and loss moduli were acquired, and they grew with increasing grafting density. The melt strength in terms of the crossover frequency ascended with more side chains on the backbone. Our findings reveal that the strengthening of the mechanical properties of graft copolymers can be attributed to the formation of weakly cross-linked structures, thus offering an insight into the molecular design to aid the development of stronger graft copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hao Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jane Sheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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2
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Oh K, Kim H, Seo Y. Long-Living Anions Could Dramatically Change the Overall Physical Properties of a Polyamide (Nylon 6) Synthesized by a Novel Process. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17463-17470. [PMID: 32715231 PMCID: PMC7377225 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We devised a novel strategy of two-stage anionic polymerization of (ε-caprolactam) in a twin screw extruder to control the generation of branched structures. Long-living anions of nylon 6 prepared in the first extrusion gave rise to a change in the molecular structure when they interacted with diamine added during the second extrusion. It has been found that the transfer of living anions between functional molecules having the same anion-forming groups affects the structural change of the resulting polymer molecule. The variation in chain structure has resulted in dramatic changes in the physical and dynamic properties of the polymer despite changes in molecular weight of less than 2 without forming a network structure. Tensile elongation and toughness at the optimum concentration of the additive were increased by 5 and 10 times, respectively, which was enough for the resulting polymer to be classified as a super-tough nylon without a toughener. It can be widely used as a matrix polymer for diverse composite materials.
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Riechert VM, Ferrofino AG, Ressia JA, Failla MD, Quinzani LM. Modification of propylene-α-olefin copolymers by maleic anhydride grafting and blending. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2019.1598633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Riechert
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Aníbal G. Ferrofino
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Ressia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo D. Failla
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería, UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lidia M. Quinzani
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Saffar A, Jalali Dil E, Carreau PJ, Ajji A, Kamal MR. Phase behavior of binary blends of PP/PP-g
-AA: limitations of the conventional characterization techniques. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saffar
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Ebrahim Jalali Dil
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Pierre J Carreau
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department; Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Stn Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Musa R Kamal
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering; McGill University; 3610 University Street Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 2B2
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Gil-Castell O, Badia J, Teruel-Juanes R, Rodriguez I, Meseguer F, Ribes-Greus A. Novel silicon microparticles to improve sunlight stability of raw polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Maleic anhydride functionalization of polypropylene with suppressed molecular weight reduction via solid-state shear pulverization. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Sobczak L, Brüggemann O, Putz RF. Polyolefin composites with natural fibers and wood-modification of the fiber/filler-matrix interaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Rousseaux DD, Sclavons M, Godard P, Marchand-Brynaert J. Tuning the functionalization chemistry of polypropylene for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Xu L, Nakajima H, Manias E, Krishnamoorti R. Tailored Nanocomposites of Polypropylene with Layered Silicates. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Polymer Nanostructures Laboratory—CSPS, A Penn State Center of Excellence, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Hiroyoshi Nakajima
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Polymer Nanostructures Laboratory—CSPS, A Penn State Center of Excellence, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Evangelos Manias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Polymer Nanostructures Laboratory—CSPS, A Penn State Center of Excellence, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Polymer Nanostructures Laboratory—CSPS, A Penn State Center of Excellence, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
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Harper DP, Laborie MPG, Wolcott MP. The impact of polypropylene- graft-maleic anhydride on the crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Gupta S, Pallavi M, Som A, Krishnamurthy R, Bhowmick AK. Anomalous mechanical behavior upon recycling of poly(phenylene-ether)-based thermoplastic elastomer. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Fallahi E, Barmar M, Kish MH. Micro and nano fibrils from polypropylene/nylon 6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Jaziri M, Barhoumi N, Massardier V, Mélis F. Blending PP with PA6 industrial wastes: Effect of the composition and the compatibilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Hung CJ, Chuang HY, Chang FC. Novel reactive compatibilization strategy on immiscible polypropylene and polystyrene blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Harper DP, Wolcott MP. Chemical imaging of wood-polypropylene composites. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:898-905. [PMID: 16925926 DOI: 10.1366/000370206778062048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations of wood plastic composites have revealed a detrimental effect of using lubricant systems in production. This includes nullifying part or all of the mechanical benefit of using a polar compatibilizer, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), in the composite formulation. This investigation utilizes lubricants labeled with deuterium in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to allow for the separation of individual lubricants from all other material constituents. All of the deuterium labeled lubricants, used without MAPP, revealed their expulsion from the wood interface during crystallization. MAPP coupling agent was found to exist near the wood, but it is unclear if any covalent bonding with the hydroxyl functionality on the wood surface occurred. The addition of zinc stearate lubricants appears to nullify the activity of the anhydride functionality near the wood surface as evidenced by a shift in the FT-IR spectra to the hydrolyzed form of the coupling agent. Most of the additives collect at the edges of the spherulites in mostly amorphous regions of the material. The consequence of this morphology may be a weak interface between crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Harper
- Tennessee Forest Products Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4570, USA.
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16
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Seo Y, Ninh TH, Hong SM, Kim S, Kang TJ, Kim H, Kim J. In situ compatibilizer-reinforced interface between a flexible polymer (a functionalized polypropylene) and a rodlike polymer (a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:3062-7. [PMID: 16548558 DOI: 10.1021/la051918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the interfacial reinforcement between a flexible folded-chain polymer (functionalized polypropylene-maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, MAPP) and a rodlike polymer (a themotropic liquid crystalline polymer, TCLP - poly(ester amide)). Fracture toughness was measured using an asymmetric double-cantilever beam test (ADCB). High fracture toughness at the bonding temperature of 200 degrees C indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred at the interface to provide a strong interaction between MAPP and TLCP. Despite the higher modulus of TLCP, the fracture was propagated in the TLCP phase because of inherent TLCP domain structure. An analysis on the locus of failure revealed that at constant bonding temperature the fracture toughness between MAPP and TLCP was influenced not only by the bonding temperature but also by the bonding time. The fracture toughness increased with the bonding temperature until 200 degrees C was reached and then decreased at higher bonding temperature. The fracture toughness increased with annealing time until it reached a plateau value. We ascribe the dependence of the fracture toughness on the bonding time to the progressive occurrence of two different failure mechanisms, adhesive failure and cohesive failure. The adhesive strength increased with bonding temperature whereas the cohesive strength decreased because of weaker adhesion between TLCP crystalline domains. The dependence of fracture toughness on bonding time was explained in terms of the TLCP crystalline domain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsok Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Intellectual Textile System Research Center (ITRC), College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Shillim9dong 56-1, Kwanakgu, Seoul, Korea 151-744.
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17
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Huda MS, Drzal LT, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Wood-fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites: Evaluation of the physicomechanical and morphological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Martinez JG, Benavides R, Guerrero C. Ultraviolet preirradiation of high-density polyethylene for the grafting of maleic anhydride during reactive extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Maciel A, Salas V, Manero O. PP/EVA blends: Mechanical properties and morphology. Effect of compatibilizers on the impact behavior. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Ramı́rez-Vargas E, Navarro-Rodrı́guez D, Blanqueto-Menchaca A, Huerta-Martı́nez B, Palacios-Mezta M. Degradation effects on the rheological and mechanical properties of multi-extruded blends of impact-modified polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Seo Y, Ninh TH. Enhanced interfacial adhesion between polypropylene and nylon 6 by in situ reactive compatibilization. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Martı́nez J, Benavides R, Guerrero C, Reyes B. UV sensitisation of polyethylenes for grafting of maleic anhydride. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Arencón D, Velasco JI, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, de Saja JA. Poly(propylene)/poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) blends and glass bead filled composites: Microstructure and thermomechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Sacchi A, Di Landro L, Pegoraro M, Severini F. Morphology of isotactic polypropylene–polyamide 66 blends and their mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Chen LF, Wong B, Baker WE. Melt grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene and reactive compatibilization of rubber toughened polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Ramírez-Vargas E, Navarro-Rodríguez D, Huerta-Martínez BM, Medellín-rodríguez FJ, Lin JS. Morphological and mechanical properties of polypropylene [PP]/poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) [EVA] blends. I. Homopolymer PP/EVA systems. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Kim KN, Kimm H, Lee JW. Effect of interlayer structure, matrix viscosity and composition of a functionaiized polymer on the phase structure of polypropylene-montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Colbeaux A, Fenouillot F, Gerard JF, Taha M, Wautier H. Compatibilization of a polyolefin blend through covalent and ionic coupling of grafted polypropylene and polyethylene. II. Morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Hristov VN, Krumova M, Vasileva S, Michler GH. Modified polypropylene wood flour composites. II. Fracture, deformation, and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Guan Y, Wang S, Zheng A, Xiao H. Crystallization behaviors of polypropylene and functional polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Duchet J, Gérard JF, Chapel JP, Chabert B, Brisson J. Crystalline morphology at the interface between polyethylene-grafted glass and polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Jang GS, Jo NJ, Cho WJ, Ha CS. Isothermal crystallization behavior and properties of polypropylene/EPR blends nucleated with sodium benzoate. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Kitayama N, Keskkula H, Paul D. Reactive compatibilization of nylon 6/styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer blends. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Pagnoulle C, Jérôme R. Reactive Compatibilization of SAN/EPR Blends. 2. Effect of Type and Content of Reactive Groups Randomly Attached to SAN. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pagnoulle
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Godshall D, White C, Wilkes GL. Effect of compatibilizer molecular weight and maleic anhydride content on interfacial adhesion of polypropylene-PA6 bicomponent fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010411)80:2<130::aid-app1081>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Bohn CC, Manning SC, Moore RB. Comparison of carboxylated and maleated polypropylene as reactive compatibilizers in polypropylene/polyamide-6,6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010328)79:13<2398::aid-app1047>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Jannerfeldt G, Boogh L, Månson JA. Tailored interfacial properties for immiscible polymers by hyperbranched polymers. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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40
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Heinen W, Erkens SW, Van Duin M, Lugtenburg J. Model compounds and13C NMR increments for the characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991201)37:23<4368::aid-pola14>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Jannerfeldt G, Boogh L, M�nson JAE. Influence of hyperbranched polymers on the interfacial tension of polypropylene/polyamide-6 blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19990815)37:16<2069::aid-polb10>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Li S, J�rvel� PK, J�rvel� PA. Melt rheological properties of polypropylene-maleated polypropylene blends. I. Steady flow by capillary. J Appl Polym Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990307)71:10<1641::aid-app11>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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44
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Ebeling T, Norek S, Hasan A, Hiltner A, Baer E. Effect of a tie layer on the delamination toughness of polypropylene and polyamide-66 microlayers. J Appl Polym Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990228)71:9<1461::aid-app11>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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46
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Bidaux JE, Smith GD, Månson JAE, Plummer CJ, Hilborn J. Fusion bonding of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene–polyamide 6 blends to polyamide 6. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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COMPATIBILIZATION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR BINARY BLENDS: A REVIEW. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 1997. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.1997.17.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Crystallization and melting behaviour of photodegraded polypropylene — II. Re-crystallization of degraded molecules. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fusion bonding of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene to polyamide 6 via in situ block copolymer formation at the interface. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)80839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Varga J, Ehrenstein GW. Formation of β-modification of isotactic polypropylene in its late stage of crystallization. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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