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Ren T, Zhan H, Xu H, Chen L, Shen W, Xu Y, Zhao D, Shao Y, Wang Y. Recycling and high-value utilization of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118428. [PMID: 38325788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Polyethelene terephthalate (PET) is a well-known thermoplastic, and recycling PET waste is important for the natural environment and human health. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the recycling and reuse of PET waste through energy recovery and physical, chemical, and biological recycling. This article summarizes the recycling methods and the high-value products derived from PET waste, specifically detailing the research progress on regenerated PET prepared by the mechanical recycling of fiber/yarn, fabric, and composite materials, and introduces the application of PET nanofibers recycled by physical dissolution and electrospinning in fields such as filtration, adsorption, electronics, and antibacterial materials. This article explains the energy recovery of PET through thermal decomposition and comprehensively discusses various chemical recycling methods, including the reaction mechanisms, catalysts, conversion efficiencies, and reaction products, with a brief introduction to PET biodegradation using hydrolytic enzymes provided. The analysis and comparison of various recycling methods indicated that the mechanical recycling method yielded PET products with a wide range of applications in composite materials. Electrospinning is a highly promising recycling strategy for fabricating recycled PET nanofibers. Compared to other methods, physical recycling has advantages such as low cost, low energy consumption, high value, simple processing, and environmental friendliness, making it the preferred choice for the recycling and high-value utilization of waste PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haihua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Shaoxing Baojing Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Shaoxing Baojing Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Defang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hailiang Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yuanyi Shao
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Porto AS, Alves JL, Morales AR. Interactions of PP-PET blends modified by montmorillonite with different polarities. POLIMEROS 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20220014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Raiisi-Nia MR, Aref-Azar A, Fasihi M. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber functionalization for the toughening modification of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Raiisi-Nia
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Ahmad Aref-Azar
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Mohammad Fasihi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology; Narmak Tehran 16765-163 Iran
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Yousfi M, Lepretre S, Soulestin J, Vergnes B, Lacrampe MF, Krawczak P. Processing-induced degradation of nanoclay organic modifier in melt-mixed PET/PE blends during twin screw extrusion at industrial scale: Effect on morphology and mechanical behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousfi
- Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; MINES Douai; 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 59508 Douai Cedex France
| | - Sophie Lepretre
- Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; MINES Douai; 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 59508 Douai Cedex France
| | - Jeremie Soulestin
- Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; MINES Douai; 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 59508 Douai Cedex France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- MINES ParisTech; CEMEF; UMR CNRS 7635, BP 207, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Marie-France Lacrampe
- Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; MINES Douai; 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 59508 Douai Cedex France
| | - P. Krawczak
- Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; MINES Douai; 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 59508 Douai Cedex France
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Zare Y. Recent progress on preparation and properties of nanocomposites from recycled polymers: a review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:598-604. [PMID: 22951496 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the growing consumption of polymer products creates the large quantities of waste materials resulting in public concern in the environment and people life. Nanotechnology is assumed the important technology in the current century. Recently, many researchers have tried to develop this new science for polymer recycling. In this article, the application of different nanofillers in the recycled polymers such as PET, PP, HDPE, PVC, etc. and the attributed composites and blends is studied. The morphological, mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of prepared nanocomposites as well as the future challenges are extensively discussed. The present article determines the current status of nanotechnology in the polymer recycling which guide the future studies in this attractive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Yousfi M, Soulestin J, Vergnes B, Lacrampe MF, Krawczak P. Morphology and mechanical properties of PET/PE blends compatibilized by nanoclays: Effect of thermal stability of nanofiller organic modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Laske S, Kracalik M, Feuchter M, Pinter G, Maier G, Märzinger W, Haberkorn M, Langecker GR. FT-NIR as a determination method for reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Luo P, Jiang K, Wang K, Yang J, Xu T, Chen L, Fu Q. Plasma treatment-induced fluorine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes to modify poly(ethylene terephthalate) obtained via in situ
polymerization. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Laske S, Kracalik M, Gschweitl M, Feuchter M, Maier G, Pinter G, Thomann R, Friesenbichler W, Langecker GR. Estimation of reinforcement in compatibilized polypropylene nanocomposites by extensional rheology. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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