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Magalhães S, Fernandes C, Pedrosa JFS, Alves L, Medronho B, Ferreira PJT, Rasteiro MDG. Eco-Friendly Methods for Extraction and Modification of Cellulose: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3138. [PMID: 37514527 PMCID: PMC10386580 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polymer on Earth and can be obtained from several different sources, such as trees, grass, or biomass residues. However, one of the issues is that not all the fractionation processes are eco-friendly and are essentially based on cooking the lignocellulose feedstock in a harsh chemical mixture, such as NaOH + Na2S, and water, to break loose fibers. In the last few years, new sustainable fractionation processes have been developed that enable the obtaining of cellulose fibers in a more eco-friendly way. As a raw material, cellulose's use is widely known and established in many areas. Additionally, its products/derivatives are recognized to have a far better environmental impact than fossil-based materials. Examples are textiles and packaging, where forest-based fibers may contribute to renewable and biodegradable substitutes for common synthetic materials and plastics. In this review, some of the main structural characteristics and properties of cellulose, recent green extraction methods/strategies, chemical modification, and applications of cellulose derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Magalhães
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Fernandes
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge F S Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Alves
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Medronho
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Paulo J T Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria da Graça Rasteiro
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Leão S, Magalhães S, Alves L, Gamelas JA, Lima C, Stein B, Rasteiro MDG. Anionic bio-flocculants from sugarcane for purification of sucrose: An application of circular bioeconomy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17134. [PMID: 37332905 PMCID: PMC10276231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In sugar production, polyacrylamide-based anionic flocculants are added for juice treatment, the main objective being to remove impurities that affect the quality of the sugar. However, if they remain in the final product, those polymers can present carcinogenic and neurotoxic actions besides contaminating the soils where the waste is discharged. To overcome this problem, the present study proposes, for the first time, natural flocculants based on cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse (residue from sugarcane processing) as substitutes for the flocculants based on polyacrylamide, normally used in sugar cane juice purification. Additionally, cellulose-based flocculants obtained from Acacia wood, developed in a previous study, have also been tested for sugar juice treatment. Acacia wood and sugarcane bagasse were first treated with a choline chloride/levulinic acid solution in a molar ratio of 1:2, at 160 °C, for 4 h. Subsequently, the cellulose-rich samples were modified by a two-stage process (oxidation with sodium periodate followed by reaction with sodium metabisulfite), and polyelectrolytes with different characteristics were produced. The final products obtained were characterized, and their performance in the treatment of sugarcane juice, at different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg-1), was evaluated and compared to the synthetic commercial flocculant (Flonex, based on polyacrylamide) usually used by the sugarcane industry in Brazil. The substitution of petrol-based flocculants by natural-based ones, obtained from sugarcane residues, is presented for the first time in this study, with very relevant performance of the new flocculants. Overall, it was possible to produce anionic flocculants, modifying the cellulose obtained from different raw materials, which showed good results in the purification of sucrose, when compared with the commercial polyacrylamide normally used. It is also important to stress that, for the first time, a residue from sugarcane industry could be used with success in the purification of the sugar juice itself, which constitutes a major novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Leão
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Solange Magalhães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Alves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A.F. Gamelas
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudio Lima
- University of São Paulo, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, Agri-Food Industry and Nutrition Department, Hugot Sugar Technology Laboratory, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- GS4|Science Consulting and Solutions, Paul Harris Avenue, 86039-280, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Stein
- University of São Paulo, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, Agri-Food Industry and Nutrition Department, Hugot Sugar Technology Laboratory, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Rasteiro
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
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Correia J, Oliveira FR, de Cássia Siqueira Curto Valle R, Valle JAB. Preparation of cationic cotton through reaction with different polyelectrolytes. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:11679-11700. [PMID: 34720463 PMCID: PMC8546389 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cationization of cotton fabrics was performed by exhaustion procedure utilizing four different reagents provided with quaternary ammonium groups: poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDACl), poly acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PAcD), poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized (P42) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). Pretreated samples were dyed using Reactive Red 195 dye. The cationic fabrics were analyzed by colorimetric and fastness properties, zeta potential, SEM, FTIR and an estimate of the bactericidal effect. Cationic cotton treated with PDDACl and CHPTAC showed a higher affinity for the reactive dye, with color strength (K/S) values varying from 41 to 48, against 32 for conventional dyeing. P42 presented competitive results with K/S of 27-28. The cationic dyeing considerably reduced the amount of effluent, especially for the CHPTAC samples, which requires a single washing bath for complete removal of unfixed dye. The PDDACl and P42 samples presented bactericidal activity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-04260-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Correia
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University at Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Oliveira
- Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University at Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - José Alexandre Borges Valle
- Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University at Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Santa Catarina Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University at Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
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Yan G, Chen B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Tang X, Lin L. Recent advances on sustainable cellulosic materials for pharmaceutical carrier applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Preparing cationic cotton linter cellulose with high substitution degree by ultrasonic treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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De Vries TS, Davies DR, Miller MC, Cynecki WA. Kinetics of the Cationization of Cotton. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500836n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. De Vries
- Core R&D, and ‡Dow Consumer & Industrial Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Dan R. Davies
- Core R&D, and ‡Dow Consumer & Industrial Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Michelle C. Miller
- Core R&D, and ‡Dow Consumer & Industrial Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - William A. Cynecki
- Core R&D, and ‡Dow Consumer & Industrial Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
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Ma W, Yan S, Meng M, Zhang S. Preparation of betaine-modified cationic cellulose and its application in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Gaoxinyuan District Dalian People's Republic of China 116023
| | - Shumin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Gaoxinyuan District Dalian People's Republic of China 116023
| | - Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Gaoxinyuan District Dalian People's Republic of China 116023
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Gaoxinyuan District Dalian People's Republic of China 116023
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Jasmani L, Eyley S, Wallbridge R, Thielemans W. A facile one-pot route to cationic cellulose nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10207-11. [PMID: 24056957 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinium-grafted-cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by a simple one-pot reaction using 4-(1-bromoethyl/bromomethyl)benzoic acid, pyridine and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The grafting consists of an esterification reaction between 4-(1-bromoethyl/bromomethyl)benzoic acid and CNCs and a nucleophilic attack on the C-Br bond of 4-(1-bromoethyl/bromomethyl)benzoic acid by pyridine. This reaction simplifies existing cationization methods, which leads to a higher grafting density while retaining the CNC crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifah Jasmani
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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de la Motte H, Hasani M, Brelid H, Westman G. Molecular characterization of hydrolyzed cationized nanocrystalline cellulose, cotton cellulose and softwood kraft pulp using high resolution 1D and 2D NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tutak M, Oktay Özdemir A. Reactive dyeing of cationized cotton: Effects on the dyeing yield and the fastness properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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