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Wang Z, Hou Z, Liu X, Gu Z, Li H, Chen Q. Preparation of Zinc Oxide with Core-Shell Structure and Its Application in Rubber Products. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102353. [PMID: 37242928 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide is a crucial component in rubber products, but its excessive usage can lead to environmental damage. As a result, reducing the amount of zinc oxide in products has become a critical issue that many researchers aim to address. This study employs a wet precipitation method to prepare ZnO particles with different nucleoplasmic materials, resulting in ZnO with a core-shell structure. The prepared ZnO underwent XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis, indicating that some of the ZnO particles were loaded onto the nucleosomal materials. Specifically, ZnO with a silica core-shell structure demonstrated 11.9% higher tensile strength, 17.2% higher elongation at break, and 6.9% higher tear strength compared to the indirect method of ZnO preparation. The core-shell structure of ZnO also helps reduce its application in rubber products, thereby achieving the dual objective of protecting the environment and improving the economic efficiency of rubber products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xianzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhaolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Raha S, Ahmaruzzaman M. ZnO nanostructured materials and their potential applications: progress, challenges and perspectives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1868-1925. [PMID: 36133407 PMCID: PMC9419838 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research in nanotechnology has been conducted to investigate new behaviours and properties of materials with nanoscale dimensions. ZnO NPs owing to their distinct physical and chemical properties have gained considerable importance and are hence investigated to a detailed degree for exploitation of these properties. This communication, at the outset, elaborates the various chemical methods of preparation of ZnO NPs, viz., the mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol-gel method, vapour transport method, solvothermal and hydrothermal methods, and methods using emulsion and micro-emulsion environments. The paper further describes the green methods employing the use of plant extracts, in particular, for the synthesis of ZnO NPs. The modifications of ZnO with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inorganic (metal oxides) compounds and polymer matrices have then been described. The multitudinous applications of ZnO NPs across a variety of fields such as the rubber industry, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, textile industry, opto-electronics and agriculture have been presented. Elaborative narratives on the photocatalytic and a variety of biomedical applications of ZnO have also been included. The ecotoxic impacts of ZnO NPs have additionally been briefly highlighted. Finally, efforts have been made to examine the current challenges and future scope of the synthetic modes and applications of ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Raha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar 788010 Assam India
| | - Md Ahmaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar 788010 Assam India
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Wang L, Du M, Shan G, Wu Z, Song Y, Zheng Q. Low heat generation from organic zinc as a curing activator in rubber and rubber composites under large strain. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Miao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou Quzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Yang Z, Huang Y, Xiong Y. A functional modified graphene oxide/nanodiamond/nano zinc oxide composite for excellent vulcanization properties of natural rubber. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41857-41870. [PMID: 35516552 PMCID: PMC9057914 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified graphene oxide/nanodiamond/nanozinc oxide (MGO/ND/nanoZnO) functional hybrid filler is designed and prepared to improve the vulcanization efficiency of a rubber composite and to reduce the use of ZnO. ND was grafted onto graphite oxide with the aid of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). NanoZnO, with high surface activity, was then loaded onto the MGO/ND complex through the wet chemical method, in order to synthesize the MGO/ND/nanoZnO functional hybrid filler. Rubber composites were prepared using the rubber latex composite method and their vulcanization behaviors were investigated. Our results show that the MGO/ND/nanoZnO functional hybrid filler can remarkably improve the vulcanization behaviors of the rubber composite. Compared with that of pure natural rubber (NR), the vulcanization activation energy of the rubber composite was reduced by approximately 16%. Moreover, the vulcanization efficiency can be improved by 63% (i.e., the optimum cure time is shortened from the original 405 s to 150 s) after the same amount of traditional ZnO was replaced by the functional hybrid filler loaded with 1 wt% nanoZnO. The prepared MGO/ND/nanoZnO functional hybrid filler thus provides a promising alternative to improve the vulcanization efficiency of rubber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yuzhu Xiong
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Provincial Rubber Composite Material Engineering Laboratory China
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Qin X, Xu H, Zhang G, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Tan T, Bockstaller MR, Zhang L, Matyjaszewski K. Enhancing the Performance of Rubber with Nano ZnO as Activators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48007-48015. [PMID: 33040537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vulcanization of rubber is a chemical process to improve the mechanical properties by cross-linking unsaturated polymer chains. Zinc oxide (ZnO) acts as an activator, boosting the rubbers' sulfur vulcanization. Maintaining the level of ZnO content in the rubber compounds as low as possible is desirable, not only for economic reasons but also to reduce the environmental footprint of the process. In this contribution, octylamine (OA) capped ZnO nanoparticles (5 nm diameter), prepared through a thermal decomposition method, were demonstrated to be efficient activators for the sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber, enabling the reduction of the required amount of ZnO as compared to commercial systems. The effect of different ZnO activators (OA capped ZnO/commercial indirect process ZnO) on the curing characteristics, cross-linking densities, and mechanical performance, as well as the thermal behavior of rubber compounds, were investigated. Compared to the commercial indirect process ZnO, OA capped ZnO nanoparticles not only effectively enhanced the curing efficiency of natural rubber but also improved the mechanical performance of the composites after vulcanization. This was interpreted as, by applying the OA capped ZnO nanoparticles, the ZnO levels in rubber compounding were significantly reduced under the industrial vulcanization condition (151 °C, 30 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Haoshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ganggang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tianwei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Li Y, Wu J, Zhang Q, Dong F, Xiong Y. Novel Architecture of ZnO Nanobundles Grown on Porous Silica as High Performance Vulcanization Accelerators that Reinforce Rubber Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiangbing Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingpo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fuping Dong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuzhu Xiong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC. Preparation of zinc-oxide-free natural rubber nanocomposites using nanostructured magnesium oxide as cure activator. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumarjyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Md. Najib Alam
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Swapan Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kalyani; Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal India
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Jeon H, Lee ASS, Kim HJ, Cho SH, Baek KY, Hwang SS. Preparation of highly emissive, thermally stable, UV-cured polysilsesquioxane/ZnO nanoparticle composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajungro, 176 Gajung-dong Yuseong-Gu Daejeon Korea 305-333
| | - Albert Sung Soo Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hye Cho
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajungro, 176 Gajung-dong Yuseong-Gu Daejeon Korea 305-333
| | - Kyung-Youl Baek
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajungro, 176 Gajung-dong Yuseong-Gu Daejeon Korea 305-333
| | - Seung Sang Hwang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seong-Buk Gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajungro, 176 Gajung-dong Yuseong-Gu Daejeon Korea 305-333
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9
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Kołodziejczak-Radzimska A, Jesionowski T. Zinc Oxide-From Synthesis to Application: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:2833-2881. [PMID: 28788596 PMCID: PMC5453364 DOI: 10.3390/ma7042833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide can be called a multifunctional material thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties. The first part of this paper presents the most important methods of preparation of ZnO divided into metallurgical and chemical methods. The mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol-gel method, solvothermal and hydrothermal method, method using emulsion and microemulsion enviroment and other methods of obtaining zinc oxide were classified as chemical methods. In the next part of this review, the modification methods of ZnO were characterized. The modification with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inroganic (metal oxides) compounds, and polymer matrices were mainly described. Finally, we present possible applications in various branches of industry: rubber, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, electronic and electrotechnology, photocatalysis were introduced. This review provides useful information for specialist dealings with zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kołodziejczak-Radzimska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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