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Soubam T, Gupta A, Jamari SS. Eco-friendly bio-based adhesive for plywood from natural rubber latex (NRL)-blended isocyanate cross-linked starch. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124610-124618. [PMID: 35610450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic adhesives used in the production of plywood are a matter of concern because of the emission of carcinogenic gas formaldehyde, increased environmental pollution, and the depletion of fossil fuels. In this study, a bioadhesive composed of natural rubber latex (NRL) and rice starch was developed. However, rice starch has low moisture resistance, resulting in low adhesion. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of NRL-blended rice starch-based bioadhesive, rice starch was cross-linked with polymeric 4,4″-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin, which is an environment-friendly, formaldehyde free, and moisture resistant that is highly compatible with starch. The chemical interaction, viscosity, solid content, and gel time of the developed NRL-isocyanate cross-linked rice starch-based bioadhesive was investigated. The efficacy of the formulated bioadhesive was demonstrated by the fabrication of plywood. The presence of isocyanate and urethane capabilities in the bioadhesive formulations was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The bioadhesive type Iso-A was discovered to have the highest viscosity of 8270 mPa.s, whereas Iso-B has the shortest gel time of 3.46 min and the highest solid content of 44%; the higher solid content accelerates the gel time. In terms of physical and mechanical properties of plywood, Iso-B has the lowest thickness swelling (TS) value of 13%, lowest water absorption (WA) value of 52% and shear strength value of 1.92 MPa, which corresponds to the ISO 12466-2-2007 standard requirements. Based on the results, NRL-blended isocyanate starch-based bioadhesive could be a good potential raw material for eco-friendly plywood industries with adequate accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Soubam
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Arun Gupta
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Saidatul Shima Jamari
- Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
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Bartczak P, Stachowiak J, Szmitko M, Grząbka-Zasadzińska A, Borysiak S. Multifunctional Polyurethane Composites with Coffee Grounds and Wood Sawdust. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:278. [PMID: 36614616 PMCID: PMC9822441 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the fundamental activity that will allow for the development of an economy with closed circulation is the management of food waste and production waste for the preparation of biocomposites. The use of waste materials of natural origin allows for the creation of innovative composites with improved physicochemical and functional properties. The present investigation concerns the use of coffee grounds (2.5-20 wt.%) and oak sawdust (2.5-20 wt.%) as effective fillers of rigid polyurethane foam. Innovative composite materials, previously indebted in the literature, were subjected to the necessary analyses to determine the application abilities: processing times, free density, water absorption, dimensional stability, mechanical properties (compressive strength), thermal conductivity, morphology, and flame resistance. The results with respect to the mechanical tests turned out to be the key. Increasing the number of coffee additives has a positive effect on the compressive strength. The addition of this filler in the range of 5-15 wt.% increased the compressive strength of the composites, 136-139 kPa, compared to the reference sample, 127 kPa. The key parameter analysed was thermal conductivity. The results obtained were in range of the requirements, that is, 0.022-0.024 W/m·K for all used amounts of fillers 2.5-20 wt.%. This is extremely important since these materials are used for insulation purposes. The results of the burning-behaviour test have confirmed that the addition of renewable materials does not negatively affect the fire resistance of the received foams; the results were obtained analogously to those obtained from the reference sample without the addition of fillers. The height of the flame did not exceed 17 cm, while the flame decay time was 17 s for the reference sample and the composite with coffee grounds and 18 s for the composite with oak sawdust. In this work, the practical application of bioorganic waste as an innovative filler for the insulation of flooded polyurethane foam is described for the first time. The introduction of fillers of natural origin into the polymer matrix is a promising method to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of rigid polyurethane foams. Composites modified with coffee grounds and sawdust are interesting from a technological, ecological, and economic point of view, significantly increasing the range of use of foam in various industries.
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Islam MN, Adib A, Dana NH, Das AK, Faruk MO, Hasan Siddique MR, Agar DA, Larsson SH, Rudolfsson M, Ashaduzzaman M, Shams MI. Raw natural rubber latex-based bio-adhesive for the production of particleboard: formulation and optimization of process parameters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28542-28549. [PMID: 35478541 PMCID: PMC9038045 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bio-adhesives from natural rubber latex (NRL) were combined with starch and formic acid to fabricate jute stick-based particleboards (JSPs). Different blends of NRL, starch, and formic acid, i.e., 6 : 1 : 1, 2 : 1 : 1, and 2 : 3 : 3, were used to produce particleboards using a pressing temperature of 180 °C and applied pressure of 5 MPa using a 5 min pressing time. The particleboards were tested for physical, mechanical, and thermal properties according to ANSI standards. Based on initial screening, the best formula (NRL/starch/formic acid of 2 : 3 : 3) was used to optimize the temperature and pressing time for the highest board performance. The highest density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were 830 g cm−3, 10.51, 2380, and 20.05 N mm−2, respectively. Thermo-gravimetric analysis indicated that thermal decomposition of samples primarily occurred in a temperature range of 265 to 399 °C, indicating good thermal performance. The measured physical and mechanical properties of the produced JSPs fulfilled the production standards. However, fulfilling the water absorption and thickness swelling criteria was a challenge. The results indicate that NRL is a promising alternative binder when blended with starch and formic acid. In this study, bio-adhesives from natural rubber latex (NRL) were combined with starch and formic acid to fabricate jute stick-based particleboards (JSPs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh +880-41-720171-3 ext. 2070
| | - Abdullah Adib
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh +880-41-720171-3 ext. 2070
| | - Nabila Hasan Dana
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh +880-41-720171-3 ext. 2070
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Shushilan Jalil Sharoni, 155 Jalil-Sarani Khulna 9100 Bangladesh
| | | | - David A Agar
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Sylvia H Larsson
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Magnus Rudolfsson
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-90183 Umeå Sweden
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh +880-41-720171-3 ext. 2070
| | - Md Iftekhar Shams
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh +880-41-720171-3 ext. 2070
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Chan CM, Vandi LJ, Pratt S, Halley P, Richardson D, Werker A, Laycock B. Composites of Wood and Biodegradable Thermoplastics: A Review. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1380039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Matthew Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luigi-Jules Vandi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Halley
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Desmond Richardson
- Department of Technical Support & Development, Norske Skog Paper Mills (Aust) Ltd, Boyer, TAS, Australia
| | - Alan Werker
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Promiko AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Prabhakar M, Rehman Shah AU, Song JI. Improved flame-retardant and tensile properties of thermoplastic starch/flax fabric green composites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 168:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Feng J, Chen J, Chen M, Su X, Shi Q. Effects of biocide treatments on durability of wood and bamboo/high density polyethylene composites against algal and fungal decay. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Juan Chen
- Guangdong Demay Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Xiulin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangzhou 510070 China
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Väisänen T, Haapala A, Lappalainen R, Tomppo L. Utilization of agricultural and forest industry waste and residues in natural fiber-polymer composites: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 54:62-73. [PMID: 27184447 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural fiber-polymer composites (NFPCs) are becoming increasingly utilized in a wide variety of applications because they represent an ecological and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-derived materials. On the other hand, considerable amounts of organic waste and residues from the industrial and agricultural processes are still underutilized as low-value energy sources. Organic materials are commonly disposed of or subjected to the traditional waste management methods, such as landfilling, composting or anaerobic digestion. The use of organic waste and residue materials in NFPCs represents an ecologically friendly and a substantially higher value alternative. This is a comprehensive review examining how organic waste and residues could be utilized in the future as reinforcements or additives for NFPCs from the perspective of the recently reported work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Väisänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Antti Haapala
- School of Forestry, Wood Materials Science, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Tomppo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Novel ternary blends of natural rubber/linear low-density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch: influence of epoxide level of epoxidized natural rubber on blend properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-016-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prachayawarakorn J, Hanchana A. Effect of neem wood sawdust content on properties of biodegradable thermoplastic acetylated cassava starch/neem wood sawdust composites. STARCH-STARKE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jutarat Prachayawarakorn
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Bangkok Thailand
- Advanced Materials Research Unit; Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Areeya Hanchana
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Bangkok Thailand
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Müller P, Renner K, Móczó J, Fekete E, Pukánszky B. Thermoplastic starch/wood composites: Interfacial interactions and functional properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:821-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramezani Kakroodi A, Rodrigue D. Reinforcement of maleated polyethylene/ground tire rubber thermoplastic elastomers using talc and wood flour. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ramezani Kakroodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA; Université Laval; Quebec City Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA; Université Laval; Quebec City Canada G1V 0A6
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