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Merkel M, Elizabeth A, Böckmann M, Mönig H, Denz C, Doltsinis NL. Understanding the formation of surface relief gratings in azopolymers: A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104905. [PMID: 36922123 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of surface relief gratings in thin azopolymeric films is investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and compared to experimental results for the specific case of poly-disperse-orange3-methyl-methacrylate. For this purpose, the film is illuminated with a light pattern of alternating bright and dark stripes in both cases. The simulations use a molecular mechanics switching potential to explicitly describe the photoisomerization dynamics between the E and Z isomers of the azo-units and take into account the orientation of the transition dipole moment with respect to the light polarization. Local heating and elevation of the illuminated regions with the subsequent movement of molecules into the neighboring dark regions are observed. This leads to the formation of valleys in the bright areas after re-cooling and is independent of the polarization direction. To verify these observations experimentally, the azopolymer film is illuminated with bright stripes of varying width using a spatial light modulator. Atomic force microscopy images confirm that the elevated areas correspond to the previously dark areas. In the experiment, the polarization of the incident light makes only a small difference since tiny grain-like structures form in the valleys only when the polarization is parallel to the stripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Merkel
- Institute for Applied Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Amala Elizabeth
- Physical Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute for Solid State Theory, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physical Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Institute for Applied Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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The Impact of the Azo-Chromophore Sort on the Features of the Supramolecular Azopolyimide Films Desired to Be Used as Substrates for Flexible Electronics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315223. [PMID: 36499549 PMCID: PMC9738230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance supramolecular polyimide systems were synthesized via a simple and innovative approach using two types of azo-chromophores, leading to concomitant special properties: high thermostability, the ability to be processed in the form of films with high flexibility, adequate morphological features, and good structuring capacity via phase mask ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation, induced by the presence of the azo groups (-N=N-). The dimension and the anisotropy degree of the micro/nano patterns obtained on the surface of the flexible films (determined by atomic force microscopy) depend on the azo-dye type used in the supramolecular azopolyimide synthesis, which were higher when the azo-chromophore containing a -cyano group (-C≡N) was used. The molecular dynamics method, an excellent tool for an in-depth examination of the intermolecular interactions, was used to explain the morphological aspects. Energetic, dynamic and structural parameters were calculated for the two systems containing azo-chromophores, as well as for the pristine polymer system. It was highlighted that the van der Waals forces make a major contribution to the intermolecular interactions. The results from the combination of the dynamic analysis and the concentration profile explain the better mobility of the polyimide chains with a maximum content of azo groups in the cis configuration compared to the other systems. Taking all these data into account, the surfaces of the films can be tuned as required for the proposed applications, namely as substrates for flexible electronis.
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Sava I, Stoica I, Topala I, Mihaila I, Barzic AI. Photodesign and fabrication of surface relief gratings on films of polyimide-based supramolecular systems obtained using host-guest strategy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stoica I, Epure EL, Constantin CP, Damaceanu MD, Ursu EL, Mihaila I, Sava I. Evaluation of Local Mechanical and Chemical Properties via AFM as a Tool for Understanding the Formation Mechanism of Pulsed UV Laser-Nanoinduced Patterns on Azo-Naphthalene-Based Polyimide Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030812. [PMID: 33809999 PMCID: PMC8005186 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic polyimides containing side azo-naphthalene groups have been investigated regarding their capacity of generating surface relief gratings (SRGs) under pulsed UV laser irradiation through phase masks, using different fluencies and pulse numbers. The process of the material photo-fluidization and the supramolecular re-organization of the surface were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). At first, an AFM nanoscale topographical analysis of the induced SRGs was performed in terms of morphology and tridimensional amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and functional parameters. Afterward, a nanomechanical characterization of SRGs using an advanced method, namely, AFM PinPoint mode, was performed, where the quantitative nanomechanical properties (i.e., modulus, adhesion, deformation) of the nanostructured azo-polyimide surfaces were acquired with a highly correlated topographic registration. This method proved to be very effective in understanding the formation mechanism of the surface modulations during pulsed UV laser irradiation. Additionally to AFM investigations, confocal Raman measurements and molecular simulations were performed to provide information about structured azo-polyimide chemical composition and macromolecular conformation induced by laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Stoica
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Elena-Luiza Epure
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Catalin-Paul Constantin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Mariana-Dana Damaceanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Ilarion Mihaila
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ion Sava
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (I.S.)
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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de Santiago-Solís C, Rodríguez-González RJ, Larios-López L, Torres-Rocha OL, Felix-Serrano I, Martínez-Ponce G, Navarro-Rodríguez D. Liquid-crystalline and photo-induced properties of P4VP quaternized with bromo derivative of dialkyloxy-phenyleneazobenzene groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christyan de Santiago-Solís
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila; Blvd. V. Carranza y José Cárdenas Valdés, Col República 25280 Saltillo Coahuila
| | | | - Leticia Larios-López
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada; Blvd. Enrique Reyna H. 140 25294 Saltillo Coahuila México
| | - Olga Lidia Torres-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada; Blvd. Enrique Reyna H. 140 25294 Saltillo Coahuila México
| | - Isaura Felix-Serrano
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada; Blvd. Enrique Reyna H. 140 25294 Saltillo Coahuila México
| | | | - Dámaso Navarro-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada; Blvd. Enrique Reyna H. 140 25294 Saltillo Coahuila México
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Hurduc N, Donose BC, Rocha L, Ibanescu C, Scutaru D. Azo-polymers photofluidisation – a transient state of matter emulated by molecular motors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper we propose a new phenomenological model of inscription based on a particular state of matter induced by continuous laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hurduc
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers
- 700050 Iasi
- Romania
| | - B. C. Donose
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - L. Rocha
- CEA
- LIST Saclay
- Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Électroniques
- F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex
- France
| | - C. Ibanescu
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers
- 700050 Iasi
- Romania
| | - D. Scutaru
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers
- 700050 Iasi
- Romania
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