1
|
Diniz V, Bear JC, Rath S, Crick CR. Porous sulfur polymers for effective aqueous-phase organic contaminant removal. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8144. [PMID: 38584187 PMCID: PMC10999450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur polymers produced through 'inverse vulcanization' exhibit various attributes, such as photocatalytic activity and a high capacity to adsorb heavy metals. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research investigating the use of sulfur polymers as materials for the removal of organic contaminants. In this work, porous sulfur polymers (PSPs) were synthesized from elemental sulfur and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene, with porosity introduced via salt templating. The result is a material that can strongly adsorb and chemically neutralize a model organic contaminant (caffeine). PSPs show adsorption up to 5 times higher than a leading adsorption material (activated carbon). Furthermore, either the adsorption or degradation processes can govern the removal efficiency depending on the synthesis parameters of PSPs. This is the first-ever report demonstrating sulfur polymers as effective materials for removing emerging contaminants from water. The versatile synthesis of sulfur polymers offers variation, which means that there is much more to explore in this exciting research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Diniz
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-Upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Colin R Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cherumukkil S, Agrawal S, Jasra RV. Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Cherumukkil
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Santosh Agrawal
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Raksh Vir Jasra
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lyu Y, Hu Q, Chen L, Luo T, Liu J, Yin X. Using conjugated system from natural sources for the synthesis of sulfur copolymers by bi‐function catalysts at mild temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lyu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianxiang Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jianghui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geven M, d'Arcy R, Turhan ZY, El-Mohtadi F, Alshamsan A, Tirelli N. Sulfur-based oxidation-responsive polymers. Chemistry, (chemically selective) responsiveness and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
5
|
Orme K, Fistrovich AH, Jenkins CL. Tailoring Polysulfide Properties through Variations of Inverse Vulcanization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kennalee Orme
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, 921 South Eighth Ave., Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
| | - Alessandra H. Fistrovich
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Courtney L. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, 921 South Eighth Ave., Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Liu FQ. Synthesis and properties of a stimulus-responsive block polymer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28541-28549. [PMID: 35520037 PMCID: PMC9055828 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of small molecules and use of an improved “one-pot” method to synthesize the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) reagents have been reported. By comparing with the RAFT reagents synthesized by the traditional “step-by-step” method, it was observed that the reagents synthesized by the two methods had the same structure, however, the improved “one-pot” preparation method results in a significantly higher yield. Subsequently, two different macromolecular CTA segments (PVP-CTA-PVP and PDMAEMA-CTA-PDMAEMA) were prepared by RAFT polymerization, followed by the synthesis of the block polymer PDMAEMA-b-PVP-CTA-PVP-b-PDMAEMA. Through FITR, NMR, GPC and DLS analysis of the block polymer, it was observed that the isotacticity gradually became dominant as the degree of polymerization increased. Further, using NMR spectroscopy to study the effect of pH on the block polymer, the ionization degree of the synthesized polymer in the tumor tissue environment was observed to range between 86.32% to 99.50%, which proved that the synthesized polymers exhibit significant prospects in the medical application. In this study, two different macromolecular CTA segments (PVP-CTA-PVP and PDMAEMA-CTA-PDMAEMA) were prepared by RAFT polymerization, followed by the synthesis of the block polymer PDMAEMA-b-PVP-CTA-PVP-b-PDMAEMA. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - F. Q. Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brännström S, Johansson M, Malmström E. Enzymatically Synthesized Vinyl Ether-Disulfide Monomer Enabling an Orthogonal Combination of Free Radical and Cationic Chemistry toward Sustainable Functional Networks. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1308-1316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brännström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang H, Luan Y, Yang L, Sun H. A Perspective on Reversibility in Controlled Polymerization Systems: Recent Progress and New Opportunities. Molecules 2018; 23:E2870. [PMID: 30400317 PMCID: PMC6278570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of controlled polymerization is growing and evolving at unprecedented rates, facilitating polymer scientists to engineer the structure and property of polymer materials for a variety of applications. However, the lack of degradability, particularly in vinyl polymers, is a general concern not only for environmental sustainability, but also for biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to develop reversible polymerization approaches in those well-established controlled polymerization systems. Reversible polymerization typically involves two steps, including (i) forward polymerization, which converts small monomers into macromolecule; and (ii) depolymerization, which is capable of regenerating original monomers. Furthermore, recycled monomers can be repolymerized into new polymers. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments of reversible polymerization in those controlled polymerization systems and offer insight into the promise and utility of reversible polymerization systems. More importantly, the current challenges and future directions to solve those problems are discussed. We hope this perspective can serve as an "initiator" to promote continuing innovations in this fairly new area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houliang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.
| | - Yi Luan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Westerman CR, Jenkins CL. Dynamic Sulfur Bonds Initiate Polymerization of Vinyl and Allyl Ethers at Mild Temperatures. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton R. Westerman
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Courtney L. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeng SZ, Zeng X, Tu W, Huang H, Yu L, Yao Y, Jin N, Zhang Q, Zou J. A Universal Strategy To Prepare Sulfur-Containing Polymer Composites with Desired Morphologies for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22002-22012. [PMID: 29873477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are probably the most promising candidates for the next-generation batteries owing to their high energy density. However, Li-S batteries face severe technical problems where the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides is the biggest problem because it leads to the degradation of the cathode and the lithium anode, and finally the fast capacity decay. Compared with the composites of elemental sulfur and other matrices, sulfur-containing polymers (SCPs) have strong chemical bonds to sulfur and therefore show low dissolution of polysulfides. Unfortunately, most SCPs have very low electron conductivity and their morphologies can hardly be controlled, which undoubtedly depress the battery performances of SCPs. To overcome these two weaknesses of SCPs, a new strategy was developed for preparing SCP composites with enhanced conductivity and desired morphologies. With this strategy, macroporous SCP composites were successfully prepared from hierarchical porous carbon. The composites displayed discharge/charge capacities up to 1218/1139, 949/922, and 796/785 mA h g-1 at the current rates of 5, 10, and 15 C, respectively. Considering the universality of this strategy and the numerous morphologies of carbon materials, this strategy opens many opportunities for making carbon/SCP composites with novel morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Nengzhi Jin
- Gansu Computing Center , Lanzhou 730030 Gansu , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials , Cranfield University , Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL , U.K
| | - Jizhao Zou
- Guangdong JANUS Intelligent Group Corporation Limited , Dongguan 523878 , China
| |
Collapse
|