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Schneider JS, Zeh V, Klopf J, Schneider PM, Bachmann J, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Poly(Ferrocenylene Iminoborane) and the Merging of 1,1'-Ferrocenylene with p-Phenylene Iminoborane Building Blocks into Alternating Copolymers, Oligomers, and Macrocycles. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404533. [PMID: 39928848 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/12/2025]
Abstract
The combination of redox-active ferrocene moieties, conjugated B=N units, and p-phenylene building blocks in linearly concatenated architectural arrangements has been explored. Oligo- and poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane)s have been successfully prepared, whereby in the latter case, the formation of linear polymers vs. discrete molecular macrocycles could be largely influenced by the polymerization conditions applied. In addition, a series of well-defined co-oligomers composed of ferrocenylene and p-phenylene moieties bridged by one or two B=N units in all possible combinations have been prepared, many of which have been structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pendent triisopropylphenyl groups on boron provide pronounced kinetic stabilization. Polycondensation of complementary monomers gave copolymers comprising alternating ferrocenylene and p-phenylene iminoborane building blocks, which were found to be cyclic in nature. UV-vis absorption spectroscopic and electrochemical studies provided highly valuable insights into the interaction of the different moieties over the B=N bonds, particularly, the electronic communication between the electroactive ferrocene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes S Schneider
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Zeh
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Schneider
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Das M, Knapczyk-Korczak J, Moradi A, Pichór W, Stachewicz U. Enhanced thermal management of mats and yarns from polystyrene fibers through incorporation of exfoliated graphite. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2025; 6:1859-1868. [PMID: 40012835 PMCID: PMC11848512 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma01162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
The energy crisis, driven by modern electronics and global warming from population growth, underscores the need for advanced textiles to regulate thermal environments. Researchers stress the need to improve high-performance polymer mats with enhanced thermal conductivity. This report delves into the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of exfoliated graphite (EG) when incorporated into polystyrene (PS) fiber mats and yarns through blend electrospinning. The incorporation of EG inside the fibers allowed us to obtain approximately twofold improvement in maximum stress and toughness compared to pristine PS mats. Thermal camera measurement showed significant improvement in heat transport for PS-EG fibers. The heating test showed a temperature increase of ∼2.5 °C for an EG-loaded PS mat, and in the case of a resistance wire coated with a PS fiber yarn, the increase reached 17 °C. The incorporation of EG into electrospun mats enables the recovery of more energy in the form of heat by enhancing the heating of the sample through infrared radiation. The temperature increased by 2 °C for PS and by 27 °C for PS-EG, respectively. The obtained results exhibit a great potential for the application of electrospun hybrid systems with EG in further advancement in the field of next-generation thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30-059 Poland
| | - Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30-059 Poland
| | - Ahmadreza Moradi
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30-059 Poland
| | - Waldemar Pichór
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30-059 Poland
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Zeh V, Schneider JS, Bachmann J, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane): an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer comprising a backbone of moderately interacting ferrocenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13723-13726. [PMID: 37909177 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The first poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane), that is, a polyferrocene-based metallopolymer featuring CC-isoelectronic/-isosteric BN linking units, and a series of monodisperse ferrocenylene iminoborane oligomers are presented. Our studies provide important insight into the structural and electronic nature of this novel class of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Zeh
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Johannes S Schneider
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Holger Helten
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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Advances in Electrospun Hybrid Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111829. [PMID: 35683685 PMCID: PMC9181850 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun hybrid nanofibers, based on functional agents immobilized in polymeric matrix, possess a unique combination of collective properties. These are beneficial for a wide range of applications, which include theranostics, filtration, catalysis, and tissue engineering, among others. The combination of functional agents in a nanofiber matrix offer accessibility to multifunctional nanocompartments with significantly improved mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties, along with better biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review summarizes recent work performed for the fabrication, characterization, and optimization of different hybrid nanofibers containing varieties of functional agents, such as laser ablated inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), which include, for instance, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiNPs), perovskites, drugs, growth factors, and smart, inorganic polymers. Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as chitosan, cellulose, and polycaprolactone are very promising macromolecules as a nanofiber matrix for immobilizing such functional agents. The assimilation of such polymeric matrices with functional agents that possess wide varieties of characteristics require a modified approach towards electrospinning techniques such as coelectrospinning and template spinning. Additional focus within this review is devoted to the state of the art for the implementations of these approaches as viable options for the achievement of multifunctional hybrid nanofibers. Finally, recent advances and challenges, in particular, mass fabrication and prospects of hybrid nanofibers for tissue engineering and biomedical applications have been summarized.
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Nirwan VP, Filova E, Al-Kattan A, Kabashin AV, Fahmi A. Smart Electrospun Hybrid Nanofibers Functionalized with Ligand-Free Titanium Nitride (TiN) Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020519. [PMID: 33670727 PMCID: PMC7922954 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the fabrication and characterization of novel polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibers functionalized with bare (ligand-free) titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles (NPs) for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers were prepared by a newly developed protocol based on the electrospinning of PCL solutions together with TiN NPs synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in acetone. The generated hybrid nanofibers were characterised using spectroscopy, microscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. As shown by scanning electron microscopy measurements, the fabricated electrospun nanofibers had uniform morphology, while their diameter varied between 0.403 ± 0.230 µm and 1.1 ± 0.15 µm by optimising electrospinning solutions and parameters. Thermal analysis measurements demonstrated that the inclusion of TiN NPs in nanofibers led to slight variation in mass degradation initiation and phase change behaviour (Tm). In vitro viability tests using the incubation of 3T3 fibroblast cells in a nanofiber-based matrix did not reveal any adverse effects, confirming the biocompatibility of hybrid nanofiber structures. The generated hybrid nanofibers functionalized with plasmonic TiN NPs are promising for the development of smart scaffold for tissue engineering platforms and open up new avenues for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj P. Nirwan
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany;
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 163 Ave. De Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.A.-K.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Eva Filova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 163 Ave. De Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.A.-K.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Andrei V. Kabashin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 163 Ave. De Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.A.-K.); (A.V.K.)
- Bio-Nanophotonics Laboratory, MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir Fahmi
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49(0)282180673634
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Zhang B, Ye Z, Qin M, Wang Q, Du Y, Qi C, Shao L. Palladium complex embedded crosslinked polystyrene nanofibers as a green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for coupling reactions. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benben Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Zeyu Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Min Qin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Yijun Du
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
| | - Linjun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University Zhejiang China
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