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Das AK, Mitra K, Conte AJ, Sarker A, Chowdhury A, Ragauskas AJ. Lignin - A green material for antibacterial application - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129753. [PMID: 38286369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Lignin's antibacterial properties have become increasingly relevant due to the rise of microbial infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Lignin is capable of interacting electrostatically with bacteria and contains polyphenols that cause damage to their cell walls. These features make lignin a desirable material to exhibit antibacterial behavior. Therefore, lignin in antibacterial applications offers a novel approach to address the growing need for sustainable and effective antibacterial materials. Recent research has explored the incorporation of lignin in various biomedical applications, such as wound dressings, implants, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the development of lignin-based nanomaterials with enhanced antimicrobial activity is an active area of research that holds great promise for the future. In this review, we have provided a summary of how lignin can be incorporated into different forms, such as composite and non-composite synthesis of antibacterial agents and their performances. The challenges and future considerations are also discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE- 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Kangkana Mitra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France.
| | - Austin J Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Asim Sarker
- Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI, University PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institution of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Ismael M, Charras Q, Leschevin M, Herfurth D, Roulard R, Quéro A, Rusterucci C, Domon JM, Jungas C, Vermerris W, Rayon C. Seasonal Variation in Cell Wall Composition and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica Growing at Different Depths. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3155. [PMID: 37687400 PMCID: PMC10490095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica is a common seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea that is able to sequester large amounts of carbon. The carbon assimilated during photosynthesis can be partitioned into non-structural sugars and cell-wall polymers. In this study, we investigated the distribution of carbon in starch, soluble carbohydrates and cell-wall polymers in leaves and rhizomes of P. oceanica. Analyses were performed during summer and winter in meadows located south of the Frioul archipelago near Marseille, France. The leaves and rhizomes were isolated from plants collected in shallow (2 m) and deep water (26 m). Our results showed that P. oceanica stores more carbon as starch, sucrose and cellulose in summer and that this is more pronounced in rhizomes from deep-water plants. In winter, the reduction in photoassimilates was correlated with a lower cellulose content, compensated with a greater lignin content, except in rhizomes from deep-water plants. The syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in the lignin was higher in leaves than in rhizomes and decreased in rhizomes in winter, indicating a change in the distribution or structure of the lignin. These combined data show that deep-water plants store more carbon during summer, while in winter the shallow- and deep-water plants displayed a different cell wall composition reflecting their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ismael
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Quentin Charras
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France; (Q.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Maïté Leschevin
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, Zone Cité des Énergies BIAM, Bâtiment 1900, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Damien Herfurth
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Anthony Quéro
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Christine Rusterucci
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Colette Jungas
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France; (Q.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Catherine Rayon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
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Dysregulation of Cell Envelope Homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus Exposed to Solvated Lignin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0054822. [PMID: 35852361 PMCID: PMC9361832 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00548-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic plant cell wall polymer that facilitates water transport through the vasculature of plants and is generated in large quantities as an inexpensive by-product of pulp and paper manufacturing and biorefineries. Although lignin's ability to reduce bacterial growth has been reported previously, its hydrophobicity complicates the ability to examine its biological effects on living cells in aqueous growth media. We recently described the ability to solvate lignin in Good's buffers with neutral pH, a breakthrough that allowed examination of lignin's antimicrobial effects against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. These analyses showed that lignin damages the S. aureus cell membrane, causes increased cell clustering, and inhibits growth synergistically with tunicamycin, a teichoic acid synthesis inhibitor. In the present study, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic responses of S. aureus to lignin. Intriguingly, lignin restored the susceptibility of genetically resistant S. aureus isolates to penicillin and oxacillin, decreased intracellular pH, impaired normal cell division, and rendered cells more resistant to detergent-induced lysis. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) differential expression (DE) analysis of lignin-treated cultures revealed significant gene expression changes (P < 0.05 with 5% false discovery rate [FDR]) related to the cell envelope, cell wall physiology, fatty acid metabolism, and stress resistance. Moreover, a pattern of concurrent up- and downregulation of genes within biochemical pathways involved in transmembrane transport and cell wall physiology was observed, which likely reflects an attempt to tolerate or compensate for lignin-induced damage. Together, these results represent the first comprehensive analysis of lignin's antibacterial activity against S. aureus. IMPORTANCE S. aureus is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections. The ability of S. aureus to acquire genetic resistance to antibiotics further compounds its ability to cause life-threatening infections. While the historical response to antibiotic resistance has been to develop new antibiotics, bacterial pathogens are notorious for rapidly acquiring genetic resistance mechanisms. As such, the development of adjuvants represents a viable way of extending the life span of current antibiotics to which pathogens may already be resistant. Here, we describe the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of S. aureus to treatment with lignin. Our results demonstrate that lignin extracted from sugarcane and sorghum bagasse restores S. aureus susceptibility to β-lactams, providing a premise for repurposing these antibiotics in treatment of resistant S. aureus strains, possibly in the form of topical lignin/β-lactam formulations.
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Silva TN, Thomas JB, Dahlberg J, Rhee SY, Mortimer JC. Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:646-664. [PMID: 34644381 PMCID: PMC8793871 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop globally by harvested area and production. Its drought and heat tolerance allow high yields with minimal input. It is a promising biomass crop for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In addition, as an annual diploid with a relatively small genome compared with other C4 grasses, and excellent germplasm diversity, sorghum is an excellent research species for other C4 crops such as maize. As a result, an increasing number of researchers are looking to test the transferability of findings from other organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon to sorghum, as well as to engineer new biomass sorghum varieties. Here, we provide an overview of sorghum as a multipurpose feedstock crop which can support the growing bioeconomy, and as a monocot research model system. We review what makes sorghum such a successful crop and identify some key traits for future improvement. We assess recent progress in sorghum transformation and highlight how transformation limitations still restrict its widespread adoption. Finally, we summarize available sorghum genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics resources. This review is intended for researchers new to sorghum research, as well as those wishing to include non-food and forage applications in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallyta N Silva
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jason B Thomas
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Dahlberg
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- UC-ANR-KARE, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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Gomide RAC, Oliveira ACS, Luvizaro LB, Yoshida MI, Oliveira CR, Borges SV. Biopolymeric films based on whey protein isolate/lignin microparticles for waste recovery. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Irene Yoshida
- Chemistry Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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