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Nan X, Qin B, Xu Z, Jia Q, Hao J, Cao X, Mei S, Wang X, Kang T, Zhang J, Bai T. The effect of feed mechanisms on the structural design of flexible antennas, and research on their material processing and applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:091501. [PMID: 39287479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible antennas are widely used in mobile communications, the Internet of Things, personalized medicine, aerospace, and military technologies due to their superior performance in terms of adaptability, impact resistance, high degree of freedom, miniaturization of structures, and cost-effectiveness. With excellent flexibility and portability, these antennas are now being integrated into paper, textiles, and even the human body to withstand the various mechanical stresses of daily life without compromising their performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and current development of flexible antennas, systematically analyze the key performance factors of flexible antennas, such as structure, process, material, and application environment, and then discuss in detail the design structure, material selection, preparation process, and corresponding experimental validation of flexible antennas. Flexible antenna design in mobile communication, wearable devices, biomedical technology, and other fields in recent years has been emphasized. Finally, the development status of flexible antenna technology is summarized, and its future development trend and research direction are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bolin Qin
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhikuan Xu
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qikun Jia
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shixuan Mei
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tongtong Kang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Żyłka E, Irzmańska E, Saramak J, Jurczyk-Kowalska M. Functional 3D-Printed Polymeric Materials with Metallic Reinforcement for Use in Cut-Resistant Gloves. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:90. [PMID: 38203944 PMCID: PMC10779770 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Given the mechanical hazards occurring in the workplace, cut resistance is a particularly important protective parameter. 3D printing is an innovative technology that has recently garnered great interest. It enables the creation of functional polymeric materials with metal reinforcement for use in cut-resistant gloves. The present study characterized and tested 3D-printed polymeric materials intended for such applications. The materials were made from commercially available 3D printing polymer filaments. Metallic reinforcement (stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.04 mm) was added to the two selected materials (thermoplastic polyurethane and FiberFlex30D). Tests have shown that materials containing metallic reinforcement demonstrate higher mechanical resistance. Cut resistance increased by 70%, and the force needed to tear the sample increased by over 20% compared to the pure polymer. The presence of metallic reinforcement strengthens the structure of the material and changes the cracking mechanism. The tearing occurs in the test area, not in the bell area. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of applying functional 3D-printed polymeric materials with metal reinforcement in cut-resistant gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Żyłka
- Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Wierzbowa 48, 90-133 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Emilia Irzmańska
- Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Wierzbowa 48, 90-133 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Magdalena Jurczyk-Kowalska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
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Wen J, Chen T, Wang J, Tuo X, Gong Y, Guo J. Study on the healing performance of poly(
ε
‐caprolactone) filled ultraviolet‐curable
3D
printed cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate shape memory polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Tuo
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Gong
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
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Physicochemical Characterization and Finite Element Analysis-Assisted Mechanical Behavior of Polylactic Acid- Montmorillonite 3D Printed Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152641. [PMID: 35957072 PMCID: PMC9370662 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to improve the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for future biomedical applications by investigating the effect of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay on physicochemical and mechanical behavior. PLA nanocomposite filaments were fabricated using different amounts of MMT (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt.%) and 2 wt.% Joncryl chain extenders. The 3D-printed specimens were manufactured using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The composites were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Melt Flow Index (MFI), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal properties were studied by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Moreover, the hydrophilicity of the PLA/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by measuring the water contact angle. The mechanical behavior of the PLA/MMT nanocomposites was examined with nanoindentation, compression tests, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The presence of Joncryl, as well as the pretreatment of MMT before filament fabrication, improved the MMT distribution in the nanocomposites. Furthermore, MMT enhanced the printability of PLA and improved the hydrophilicity of its surface. In addition, the results of nanoindentation testing coupled with Finite Element Analysis showed that as the MMT weight fraction increased, as well as an increased Young’s modulus. According to the results of the mechanical analysis, the best mechanical behavior was achieved for PLA nanocomposite with 4 wt.% MMT.
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