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Ahmadvand N, Khosravi F, Lingampally A, Wasnick R, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Carraro G, Heiner M, Rivetti S, Lv Y, Wilhelm J, Gunther A, Herold S, Al Alam D, Chen C, Minoo P, Zhang JS, Bellusci S. Identification of a novel subset of alveolar type 2 cells enriched in PD-L1 and expanded following pneumonectomy. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2004168. [PMID: 33863742 PMCID: PMC8859978 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04168-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are heterogeneous cells, with specialised AT2 subpopulations within this lineage exhibiting stem cell properties. However, the existence of quiescent, immature cells within the AT2 lineage that are activated during lung regeneration is unknown.SftpcCreERT2/+;tdTomatoflox/flox mice were used for the labelling of AT2 cells and labelled subpopulations were analysed by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), gene arrays, pneumonectomy and culture of precision-cut lung slices. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from human lungs were analysed.In mice, we detected two distinct AT2 subpopulations, with low tdTomato level (TomLow) and high tdTomato level (TomHigh). TomLow cells express lower levels of the AT2 differentiation markers Fgfr2b and Etv5, while TomHigh, as bona fide mature AT2 cells, show higher levels of Sftpc, Sftpb, Sftpa1, Fgfr2b and Etv5 expression. ATAC-seq analysis indicates that TomLow and TomHigh cells constitute two distinct cell populations, with specific silencing of Sftpc, Rosa26 and cell cycle gene loci in the TomLow population. Upon pneumonectomy, the number of TomLow but not TomHigh cells increases and TomLow cells show upregulated expression of Fgfr2b, Etv5, Sftpc, Ccnd1 and Ccnd2 compared to Sham. TomLow cells overexpress programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune inhibitory membrane receptor ligand, which is used by flow cytometry to differentially isolate these two subpopulations. In the human lung, data mining of a recent scRNA-seq AT2 data set demonstrates the existence of a PD-L1 Pos population. Therefore, we have identified a novel population of AT2 quiescent, immature progenitor cells in mouse that expand upon pneumonectomy and we have provided evidence for the existence of such cells in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Ahmadvand
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Farhad Khosravi
- Dept of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Arun Lingampally
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roxana Wasnick
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Dept of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monika Heiner
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yuqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gunther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- J-S. Zhang and S. Bellusci contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- J-S. Zhang and S. Bellusci contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Ysasi AB, Bennett RD, Wagner W, Valenzuela CD, Servais AB, Tsuda A, Pyne S, Li S, Grimsby J, Pokharel P, Livak KJ, Ackermann M, Blainey PC, Mentzer SJ. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Cells Derived From Regenerating Alveolar Ducts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:112. [PMID: 32373614 PMCID: PMC7186418 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung regeneration occurs in a variety of adult mammals after surgical removal of one lung (pneumonectomy). Previous studies of murine post-pneumonectomy lung growth have identified regenerative “hotspots” in subpleural alveolar ducts; however, the cell-types participating in this process remain unclear. To identify the single cells participating in post-pneumonectomy lung growth, we used laser microdissection, enzymatic digestion and microfluidic isolation. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of the murine alveolar duct cells was performed using the C1 integrated fluidic circuit (Fluidigm) and a custom PCR panel designed for lung growth and repair genes. The multi-dimensional data set was analyzed using visualization software based on the tSNE algorithm. The analysis identified 6 cell clusters; 1 cell cluster was present only after pneumonectomy. This post-pneumonectomy cluster was significantly less transcriptionally active than 3 other clusters and may represent a transitional cell population. A provisional cluster identity for 4 of the 6 cell clusters was obtained by embedding bulk transcriptional data into the tSNE analysis. The transcriptional pattern of the 6 clusters was further analyzed for genes associated with lung repair, matrix production, and angiogenesis. The data demonstrated that multiple cell-types (clusters) transcribed genes linked to these basic functions. We conclude that the coordinated gene expression across multiple cell clusters is likely a response to a shared regenerative microenvironment within the subpleural alveolar ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Ysasi
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert D Bennett
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Willi Wagner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristian D Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew B Servais
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saumyadipta Pyne
- Public Health Dynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jonna Grimsby
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Prapti Pokharel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Mentzer SJ. The puzzling mechanism of compensatory lung growth. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:8. [PMID: 29682515 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lechner AJ, Driver IH, Lee J, Conroy CM, Nagle A, Locksley RM, Rock JR. Recruited Monocytes and Type 2 Immunity Promote Lung Regeneration following Pneumonectomy. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:120-134.e7. [PMID: 28506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of immune cells in lung regeneration, we used a unilateral pneumonectomy model that promotes the formation of new alveoli in the remaining lobes. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing found CD115+ and CCR2+ monocytes and M2-like macrophages accumulating in the lung during the peak of type 2 alveolar epithelial stem cell (AEC2) proliferation. Genetic loss of function in mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) traffic to the lung through a CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis and are required for optimal lung regeneration, along with Il4ra-expressing leukocytes. Our data suggest that these cells modulate AEC2 proliferation and differentiation. Finally, we provide evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a source of IL-13, which promotes lung regeneration. Together, our data highlight the potential for immunomodulatory therapies to stimulate alveologenesis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lechner
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ian H Driver
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carmen M Conroy
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Abigail Nagle
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Ackermann M, Kim YO, Wagner WL, Schuppan D, Valenzuela CD, Mentzer SJ, Kreuz S, Stiller D, Wollin L, Konerding MA. Effects of nintedanib on the microvascular architecture in a lung fibrosis model. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:359-372. [PMID: 28283856 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, has anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity. We explored the impact of nintedanib on microvascular architecture in a pulmonary fibrosis model. Lung fibrosis was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by intratracheal bleomycin (0.5 mg/kg). Nintedanib was started after the onset of lung pathology (50 mg/kg twice daily, orally). Micro-computed tomography was performed via volumetric assessment. Static lung compliance and forced vital capacity were determined by invasive measurements. Mice were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage and histologic analyses, or perfused with a casting resin. Microvascular corrosion casts were imaged by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation tomographic microscopy, and quantified morphometrically. Bleomycin administration resulted in a significant increase in higher-density areas in the lungs detected by micro-computed tomography, which was significantly attenuated by nintedanib. Nintedanib significantly reduced lung fibrosis and vascular proliferation, normalized the distorted microvascular architecture, and was associated with a trend toward improvement in lung function and inflammation. Nintedanib resulted in a prominent improvement in pulmonary microvascular architecture, which outperformed the effect of nintedanib on lung function and inflammation. These findings uncover a potential new mode of action of nintedanib that may contribute to its efficacy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristian D Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Detlef Stiller
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Bódi I, Kocsis K, Benyeda Z, Fejszák N, Molnár D, Nagy N, Oláh I. Dual secretion locations on type II cells in the avian lung suggest local as well as general roles of surfactant. J Morphol 2016; 277:1062-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
| | - Katalin Kocsis
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
| | | | - Nóra Fejszák
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
| | - Dávid Molnár
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
| | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
| | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University; Tűzoltó u. 58 Budapest 1094 Hungary
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Bennett RD, Ysasi AB, Belle JM, Wagner WL, Konerding MA, Blainey PC, Pyne S, Mentzer SJ. Laser microdissection of the alveolar duct enables single-cell genomic analysis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:260. [PMID: 25309876 PMCID: PMC4173809 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex tissues such as the lung are composed of structural hierarchies such as alveoli, alveolar ducts, and lobules. Some structural units, such as the alveolar duct, appear to participate in tissue repair as well as the development of bronchioalveolar carcinoma. Here, we demonstrate an approach to conduct laser microdissection of the lung alveolar duct for single-cell PCR analysis. Our approach involved three steps. (1) The initial preparation used mechanical sectioning of the lung tissue with sufficient thickness to encompass the structure of interest. In the case of the alveolar duct, the precision-cut lung slices were 200 μm thick; the slices were processed using near-physiologic conditions to preserve the state of viable cells. (2) The lung slices were examined by transmission light microscopy to target the alveolar duct. The air-filled lung was sufficiently accessible by light microscopy that counterstains or fluorescent labels were unnecessary to identify the alveolar duct. (3) The enzymatic and microfluidic isolation of single cells allowed for the harvest of as few as several thousand cells for PCR analysis. Microfluidics based arrays were used to measure the expression of selected marker genes in individual cells to characterize different cell populations. Preliminary work suggests the unique value of this approach to understand the intra- and intercellular interactions within the regenerating alveolar duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Bennett
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Janeil M Belle
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Saumyadipta Pyne
- CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science , Hyderabad , India
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Thane K, Ingenito EP, Hoffman AM. Lung regeneration and translational implications of the postpneumonectomy model. Transl Res 2014; 163:363-76. [PMID: 24316173 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung regeneration research is yielding data with increasing translational value. The classical models of lung development, postnatal alveolarization, and postpneumonectomy alveolarization have contributed to a broader understanding of the cellular participants including stem-progenitor cells, cell-cell signaling pathways, and the roles of mechanical deformation and other physiologic factors that have the potential to be modulated in human and animal patients. Although recent information is available describing the lineage fate of lung fibroblasts, genetic fate mapping, and clonal studies are lacking in the study of lung regeneration and deserve further examination. In addition to increasing knowledge concerning classical alveolarization (postnatal, postpneumonectomy), there is increasing evidence for remodeling of the adult lung after partial pneumonectomy. Though limited in scope, compelling data have emerged describing restoration of lung tissue mass in the adult human and in large animal models. The basis for this long-term adaptation to pneumonectomy is poorly understood, but investigations into mechanisms of lung regeneration in older animals that have lost their capacity for rapid re-alveolarization are warranted, as there would be great translational value in modulating these mechanisms. In addition, quantitative morphometric analysis has progressed in conjunction with developments in advanced imaging, which allow for longitudinal and nonterminal evaluation of pulmonary regenerative responses in animals and humans. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular events that have been observed in animals and humans after pneumonectomy because this model is closest to classical regeneration in other mammalian systems and has revealed several new fronts of translational research that deserve consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Thane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Mass
| | - Edward P Ingenito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew M Hoffman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Mass.
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Gibney BC, Park MA, Chamoto K, Ysasi A, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Detection of murine post-pneumonectomy lung regeneration by 18FDG PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2012; 2:48. [PMID: 22999160 PMCID: PMC3504567 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND An intriguing biologic process in most adult mammals is post-pneumonectomy lung regeneration, that is, the removal of one lung (pneumonectomy) results in the rapid compensatory growth of the remaining lung. The spatial dependence and metabolic activity of the rodent lung during compensatory lung regeneration is largely unknown. METHODS To determine if murine lung regeneration could be detected in vivo, we studied inbred mice 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after left pneumonectomy. The remaining lung was imaged using microCT as well as the glucose tracer 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-d-glucose (18FDG) and positron-emission tomography (PET). Because of the compliance of the murine chest wall, reproducible imaging required orotracheal intubation and pressure-controlled ventilation during scanning. RESULTS After left pneumonectomy, the right lung progressively enlarged over the first 3 weeks. The cardiac lobe demonstrated the greatest percentage increase in size. Dry weights of the individual lobes largely mirrored the increase in lung volume. PET/CT imaging was used to identify enhanced metabolic activity within the individual lobes. In the cardiac lobe, 18FDG uptake was significantly increased in the day 14 cardiac lobe relative to preoperative values (p < .05). In contrast, the 18FDG uptake in the other three lobes was not statistically significant at any time point. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the cardiac lobe is the dominant contributor to compensatory growth after murine pneumonectomy. Further, PET/CT scanning can detect both the volumetric increase and the metabolic changes associated with the regenerative growth in the murine cardiac lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry C Gibney
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Ysasi
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Room 259, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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