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Sadeghinezhad J, Lazzarini G, Bojarzadeh H, Gatta A, Rezai S, Pirone A, Miragliotta V. Three-dimensional morphometry of kidney in New Zealand rabbit using unbiased design-based stereology. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38655680 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The rabbit is widely used as a laboratory animal in experimental models of kidney diseases. This species is also important from a veterinary perspective as a companion animal. Stereology has been accepted as an accurate approach to kidney morphometry. The objective of the present project was to provide normal quantitative stereological parameters for adult rabbit kidneys. The left kidneys of five adult male New Zealand rabbits were used. Isotropic sections were obtained using the orientation method. Total kidney volume was calculated by the Cavalieri principle. The volume fraction of the renal structures was estimated using the point counting system. The lengths of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) were calculated using counting frames. The total glomerular number was accounted for using the physical/fractionator technique. The mean glomerular volume was obtained by dividing the total volume of glomeruli by their total number. The total volume of rabbit kidneys calculated was 10.39 ± 1.98 cm3. The fractional volume of the kidney cortex and medulla accounted for 57.79 ± 0.65% and 42.2 ± 0.65%, respectively. The total glomerular volume was 2.18 ± 0.32% of the whole kidney. The total number of glomeruli in the rabbit kidney was estimated as 204.68 ± 12 × 103. The mean glomerular volume measured 1.07 ± 0.12 × 106 μm3. The total length of PCT and DCT was 2.96 ± 0.29 km and 1.38 ± 0.24 km, respectively. These findings can be used as a reference in experimental nephrology research and may help to expand the knowledge of nephrology in mammals by comparing with available data on humans and other species. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Three-dimensional morphometry of adult rabbit kidney structures was analyzed using quantitative stereology. Total volume of kidney, fractional volume of cortex and medulla, length of renal tubules and number of nephrons were estimated. These three-dimensional morphometrical data can be used as a reference in experimental nephrology research and may help to expand the knowledge of nephrology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hadis Bojarzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sobhan Rezai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sadeghinezhad J, Ganji Z, Sadeghian Chaleshtori S, Bojarzadeh H, Aghabalazadeh Asl M, Khomejini AB, Roominai E, Hosseini M, De Silva M. Morphometric study of the testis in sheep embryos using unbiased design-based stereology. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:1026-1033. [PMID: 34647643 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sheep have been used as translational models of human postnatal testicular development. However, the morphometric features of the normal developing testis in sheep embryos have not been previously investigated using stereology. The objective of the present work was to establish normal quantitative parameters for fetal testicular tissue components in sheep, using unbiased design-based stereological methods. Twenty-four sheep embryos were divided into four gestational age groups (9-11, 12-14, 15-17 and 18-20 weeks of gestation) on the basis of the embryos' crown-rump length. Isotropic, systematic uniform random sections of the left testes were obtained by employing the orientator method. Testicular total volume, the absolute and proportional volumes occupied by the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, as well as the seminiferous tubule length, were estimated using the point-counting system and the unbiased counting frame principle. All the parameters, with the exception of the interstitial tissue's fractional volume, gradually increased along with gestational age, with the maximum increase especially seen in the late fetal stages. The proportional volume of the interstitial tissue, on the other hand, showed a decreasing trend along with increasing gestational age. The absolute volume of the testes, of the seminiferous tubules and of the interstitial tissue, and the length of the seminiferous tubules showed a significant (p< 0.05) positive linear correlation with gestational age. Several similarities were observed with human testicular embryogenesis. The stereological data emerging from the present study might prove useful as basic contribution to the fields of andrology and embryology and stimulate further research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ganji
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Sadeghian Chaleshtori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Bojarzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aghabalazadeh Asl
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bayat Khomejini
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Roominai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Paretsis BF, Mario LC, Sasahara THDC, da Silva LCG, Dos Santos JM, Kfoury Júnior JR, Leandro RM. Stereological analysis of metanephros from domestic cat (Felis catus, Linnaeus 1798) embryos and fetus. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:965-973. [PMID: 34558727 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are the most common illness for cats with a prevalence seven times higher than in dogs. Metanephros is the last of three renal systems to be formed during the embryonic period, which then becomes the permanent kidney. The current work aimed to analyse the morphology and to quantify the structures present in the development of metanephros from domestic cat (Felis catus) embryos and foetuses. For this purpose, the evaluation of the biometric parameters of metanephros from cat embryos and foetuses was performed in addition to the quantification of renal corpuscles and volume of cortical and medullary layers by stereological analysis. The evaluated biometric parameters were weight, width, height, thickness and volume. The values of the measured biometric parameters increased throughout the gestational stages. The quantity of renal corpuscles gradually increased following the embryo-foetal development, mainly during the middle of the gestational stage. It was during this phase that morphologically, a complete corticomedullary division was observed. Although the difference in the quantity of renal corpuscles between the middle and the end of the gestational stages was not statistically significant, there was an increase in the volume of the medullary layer and a decrease in the volume of the cortical layer between these two stages. These findings suggest that the metanephros presents a progressive growth with the renal corpuscles following this development until the middle of the gestational stage. Starting from this phase, the differentiation of the corticomedullary layers can be seen with a significant increase in the medullary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fidalgo Paretsis
- Sector of Wild and Domestic Animals Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of Sao Paulo FMVZ/USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Anhembi Morumbi University UAM, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Carolina Mario
- Sector of Wild and Domestic Animals Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of Sao Paulo FMVZ/USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara
- Sector of Wild and Domestic Animals Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of Sao Paulo FMVZ/USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Roberto Kfoury Júnior
- Sector of Wild and Domestic Animals Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of Sao Paulo FMVZ/USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Morozov D, Parvin N, Charlton JR, Bennett KM. Mapping kidney tubule diameter ex vivo by diffusion MRI. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F934-F946. [PMID: 33719573 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubular pathologies are a common feature of kidney disease. Current metrics to assess kidney health, in vivo or in transplant, are generally based on urinary or serum biomarkers and pathological findings from kidney biopsies. Biopsies, usually taken from the kidney cortex, are invasive and prone to sampling error. Tools to directly and noninvasively measure tubular pathology could provide a new approach to assess kidney health. This study used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) as a noninvasive tool to measure the size of the tubular lumen in ex vivo, perfused kidneys. We first used Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that dMRI is sensitive to restricted tissue water diffusion at the scale of the kidney tubule. We applied dMRI and biophysical modeling to examine the distribution of tubular diameters in ex vivo, fixed kidneys from mice, rats, and a human donor. The biophysical model to fit the dMRI signal was based on a superposition of freely diffusing water and water diffusing inside infinitely long cylinders of different diameters. Tubular diameters measured by dMRI were within 10% of those measured by histology within the same tissue. Finally, we applied dMRI to investigate kidney pathology in a mouse model of folic-acid-induced acute kidney injury. dMRI detected heterogeneity in the distribution of tubules within the kidney cortex of mice with acute kidney injury compared with control mice. We conclude that dMRI can be used to measure the distribution of tubule diameters in the kidney cortex ex vivo and that dMRI may provide a new noninvasive biomarker of tubular pathology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tubular pathologies are a common feature of kidney disease. Current metrics to assess kidney health, in vivo or in transplant, are generally based on urinary or serum biomarkers and pathological findings from kidney biopsies. Diffusion MRI can be used to measure the distribution of tubule diameters in the kidney cortex ex vivo and may provide a new noninvasive biomarker of tubular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Morozov
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neda Parvin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Kevin M Bennett
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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