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Herrera SL, Kimbokota F, Ahmad S, Heise K, Dejene Biasazin T, Dekker T. The maxillary palps of Tephritidae are selectively tuned to food volatiles and diverge with ecology. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 154:104632. [PMID: 38531436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The maxillary palp is an auxiliary olfactory organ in insects, which, different from the antennae, is equipped with only a few olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) types. We postulated that these derived mouthpart structures, positioned at the base of the proboscis, may be particularly important in mediating feeding behaviors. As feeding is spatio-temporally segregated from oviposition in most Tephritidae, this taxonomic group appears quite suitable to parse out sensory breadth and potential functional divergence of palps and antennae. Scanning electron microscopy and anterograde staining underlined the limited palpal olfactory circuit in Tephritidae: only three morphological subtypes of basiconic sensilla were found, each with two neurons, and project to a total of six antennal lobe glomeruli in Bactrocera dorsalis. Accordingly, the palps detected only few volatiles from the headspace of food (fermentation and protein lures) and fruit (guava and mango) compared to the antennae (17 over 77, using gas-chromatography coupled electrophysiology). Interestingly, functionally the antennae were more tuned to fruit volatiles, detecting eight times more fruit than food volatiles (63 over 8), whereas the number of fruit and food volatile detection was more comparable in the palps (14 over 8). As tephritids diverge in oviposition preferences, but converge on food substrates, we postulated that the receptive ranges of palpal circuits would be more conserved compared to the antennae. However, palpal responses of three tephritid species that differed in phylogenetic relatedness and ecologically niche, diverged across ecological rather than phylogenetic rifts. Two species with strongly overlapping ecology, B. dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata, showed inseparable response profiles, whereas the cucurbit specialist Zeugodacus cucurbitae strongly diverged. As Z. cucurbitae is phylogenetically placed between B. dorsalis and C. capitata, the results indicate that ecology overrides phylogeny in the evolution of palpal tuning, in spite of being predisposed to detecting food volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Larsson Herrera
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; Hushållningssällskapet Skåne, Box 9084, 291 09 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Fikira Kimbokota
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Sohel Ahmad
- IAEA Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Katharina Heise
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Tibebe Dejene Biasazin
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Shii F, Mang D, Kasubuchi M, Tsuneto K, Toyama T, Endo H, Sasaki K, Sato R. Ultrasensitive detection by maxillary palp neurons allows non-host recognition without consumption of harmful allelochemicals. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 132:104263. [PMID: 34052304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most lepidopteran insect larvae exhibit stepwise feeding behaviors, such as palpation using the maxillary palps (MPs) followed by test biting and persistent biting. However, the purpose of palpation has been unclear. In particular, nothing is known about the neurons in the MP and their mode of recognition of undesired plants, although such neurons have been suggested to exist. In this study, we used larvae of the stenophagous insect Bombyx mori and compared the roles of palpation and test biting in the selection of feeding behavior. When the larvae were given non-host plant leaves, they did not initiate test biting, indicating that non-host plant leaves were recognized via palpation without biting, and that this behavior resulted in a lack of persistent biting, as the leaves were judged non-suitable for consumption. Surface extracts of inedible leaves significantly suppressed test biting of mulberry leaves, a host plant of B. mori, suggesting that secondary metabolites on the leaf surface of inedible leaves function as test biting suppressors, even when another conditions are suitable for test biting. The allelochemical coumarin, which is found in the inedible leaves of cherry, Cerasus speciosa, significantly suppressed test biting of mulberry leaves, suggesting that coumarin is a possible deterrent to the eating of cherry leaves. Using the electrophysiological method of tip recording and a leaf-surface extract as the test material, leaf-surface compound-responsive neurons were identified in the MP. In addition, several neurons that respond to coumarin in the attomolar range were identified, suggesting that the larvae use ultrasensitive neurons in the MP to recognize inedible leaves. In the HEK293T cell heterologous expression system, the B. mori gustatory receptors BmGr53 and BmGr19, which were previously found to be expressed in the MP and to respond to coumarin in the attomolar range, responded to a leaf-surface extract of C. speciosa, suggesting that these receptors may be present on the inedible-leaf-recognizing neurons of the MP. These findings suggest that ultrasensitive plant secondary metabolite-recognizing neurons in the MP allow for the recognition of non-host plants via palpation without risking damage caused by ingesting harmful allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shii
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Dingze Mang
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mayu Kasubuchi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kana Tsuneto
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tamagawagakuen 6-1-1, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Scolari F, Valerio F, Benelli G, Papadopoulos NT, Vaníčková L. Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050408. [PMID: 33946603 PMCID: PMC8147262 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Dipteran family Tephritidae (true fruit flies) comprises more than 5000 species classified in 500 genera distributed worldwide. Tephritidae include devastating agricultural pests and highly invasive species whose spread is currently facilitated by globalization, international trade and human mobility. The ability to identify and exploit a wide range of host plants for oviposition, as well as effective and diversified reproductive strategies, are among the key features supporting tephritid biological success. Intraspecific communication involves the exchange of a complex set of sensory cues that are species- and sex-specific. Chemical signals, which are standing out in tephritid communication, comprise long-distance pheromones emitted by one or both sexes, cuticular hydrocarbons with limited volatility deposited on the surrounding substrate or on the insect body regulating medium- to short-distance communication, and host-marking compounds deposited on the fruit after oviposition. In this review, the current knowledge on tephritid chemical communication was analysed with a special emphasis on fruit fly pest species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Rhagoletis genera. The multidisciplinary approaches adopted for characterising tephritid semiochemicals, and the real-world applications and challenges for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biological control strategies are critically discussed. Future perspectives for targeted research on fruit fly chemical communication are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
| | - Federica Valerio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
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Zhang F, Chen J, Ma M, Lu P, Liu S, Guo K, Xu R, Qiao H, Xu CQ. Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla in the gall midge Gephyraulus lycantha (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Micron 2021; 145:103061. [PMID: 33773439 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The gall midge Gephyraulus lycantha (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a serious gall-forming pest that causes devastating damage in the wolfberry, Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) in Northwest China. In the present study, the external morphology and ultrastructure of the antennae and the antennal sensilla of G. lycantha were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the moniliform antenna of G. lycantha consisted of a scape, pedicel, and flagellum, and exhibited obvious sexual dimorphism. The male antennae were significantly longer than those of females. Moreover, male flagellomeres were spheroidal nodes separated by slender internodes, whereas those of females were cylindrical with no obvious internodes. There were sex and individual differences in antennal segment number. Male antennae had 10 - 16 flagellomeres, most of which had 15, while female antennae consisted of 8 - 14 flagellomeres, most of which had 12. Moreover, a pair of antennae in the same individual had different numbers of flagellomeres. Four types of sensilla were observed along the surface of the antennae, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla circumfila. Among the types of sensilla, sensilla chaetica were the longest and most prominent sensilla discovered on the antennal flagellum in both sexes. Sensilla trichodea were widely distributed over the antennal surface, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Sensilla coeloconica were categorized into four subtypes: sensilla coeloconica Ⅰ, sensilla coeloconica Ⅱ, sensilla coeloconica Ⅲ, and sensilla coeloconica IV; however, sensilla coeloconica IV was absent in females. Sensilla circumfila were found only on cecidomyiidae insect antennae and were attached to the surface by a series of stalks, forming loops around each flagellomere. The numbers of all four types of sensilla on the male antennal windward side were significantly higher than those on the leeward side. The probable biological functions of these sensilla were discussed herein based on their morphology and ultrastructure. These results provide an important basis for further research on chemical communication and strategies for the control of G. lycantha, and it will be able to serve future group Taxonomy studies (species of cecidomyiidae), providing new taxonomic characters (general ultrastructural morphology, number of sensilla and antennal segments, distribution of different types of setae, types and subtypes sensilla), which varies between species and subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ono H, Hee AKW, Jiang H. Recent Advancements in Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms Underlying Detection of Semiochemicals in Dacini Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:106. [PMID: 33530622 PMCID: PMC7911962 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dacini fruit flies mainly contain two genera, Bactrocera and Zeugodacus, and include many important pests of fruits and vegetables. Their life cycle is affected by various environmental cues. Among them, multiple characteristic semiochemicals have remarkable effects on their reproductive and host-finding behaviors. Notably, floral fragrances released from so-called fruit fly orchids strongly attract males of several Dacini fruit fly species. Focusing on the strong attraction of male flies to particular chemicals, natural and synthetic lures have been used for pest management. Thus, the perception of semiochemicals is important to understand environmental adaptation in Dacini fruit flies. Since next-generation sequencers are available, a large number of chemosensory-related genes have been identified in Dacini fruit flies, as well as other insects. Furthermore, recent studies have succeeded in the functional analyses of olfactory receptors in response to semiochemicals. Thus, characterization of molecular components required for chemoreception is under way. However, the mechanisms underlying chemoreception remain largely unknown. This paper reviews recent findings on peripheral mechanisms in the perception of odors in Dacini fruit flies, describing related studies in other dipteran species, mainly the model insect Drosophilamelanogaster. Based on the review, important themes for future research have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alvin Kah-Wei Hee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Liu Y, He J, Zhang R, Chen L. Sensilla on antenna and maxillary palp of Neoceratitis asiatica (Diptera: Tephritidae). Micron 2020; 138:102921. [PMID: 32818763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neoceratitis asiatica (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a disastrous pest for wolfberry production in China. In our preliminary field trapping experiment, both female and male N. asiatica adults were captured by male-produced sex attractant. To provide a solid background for studying mechanism of olfaction, the sensilla of antenna and maxillary palp of N. asiatica adults were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Both sexes have 3 antennal segments, including scape, pedicel, and flagellum, while arista is arisen from the proximal dorsal ridge of the flagellum. Two types of sensilla were found on the scape and pedicel, sensilla microtrichia (AnMi) and sensilla chaetica (AnCh). There are five types of sensilla on the flagellum, sensilla basiconica (AnB), clavate sensilla (AnCl), sensilla trichoidea (AnTr), sensilla coeloconica (AnCo), and AnMi. Three types of sensilla were observed on maxillary palp, sensilla basiconica (MpB), sensilla microtrichia (MpMi), and sensilla chaetica (MpCh). AnMi and MpMi are the most abundant sensilla type on antenna and maxillary palp, respectively. With the exception of having longer flagellum in females, the dimension of antennal segments, type and number of sensilla, density of pores on the shaft of AnCl, AnCh, AnB and MpB, and at the base area of AnCh and MpCh didn't show differences between sexes. This lack of inter-sexual differences may be related to chemoreception of male-emitted sex pheromone and of host plant volatiles by both female and male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Lehman KA, Barahona DC, Manoukis NC, Carvalho LAFN, De Faveri SG, Auth JE, Siderhurst MS. Raspberry Ketone Trifluoroacetate Trapping of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)in Hawaii. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1306-1313. [PMID: 30715399 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a serious pest of tropical horticulture, causing damage to cucurbits, other fruiting vegetables, and certain tree fruits. The deployment of male lures comprises an important component of several detection and control strategies for this pest, with the main male attractant currently in use being cuelure (CL). A novel fluorinated analog of CL, raspberry ketone trifluoroacetate (RKTA), has been developed for the control of Bactrocera tryoni, a related pest; here, we test this compound for attraction to Z. cucurbitae. In outdoor screen cage testing, observations showed both more flies on filter papers, and a higher percentage of flies feeding, on papers treated with RKTA than on those with CL or melolure (ML). Field trapping with both yellow sticky traps and bucket traps found that RKTA captured more flies during the first 6 h of trapping than CL, while trap captures in the subsequent 18 h did not differ between the two lures. When comparing combined 24 h trap captures, yellow sticky traps containing RKTA captured more flies than those with CL, while bucket trap captures did not vary by lure. Analysis of lures weathered on filter paper found that nearly all applied RKTA hydrolyzed to RK within 6 h. Fine-scale melon fly behaviors digitally recorded in the field showed median resting distances from the lure of responding flies were shorter for RKTA than for CL. This study demonstrates the inherent attractiveness of RKTA while also highlighting the instability of this compound due to hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego C Barahona
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA
| | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Nowelo St. Hilo, HI
| | - Lori A F N Carvalho
- Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Nowelo St. Hilo, HI
| | | | - Jean E Auth
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA
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