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Cozens R, Bold G, Capraro HG, Fässler A, Mestan J, Lang M, Poncioni B, Stover D, Rösel J. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of CGP 57813 and CGP 61755, HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors from the Phe-c-Phe Peptidomimetic Class. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029600700602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this report we describe the enzyme inhibitory, antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of CGP 57813 and CGP 61755, structural analogues of CGP 53437 that were synthesized in an attempt to obtain human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors with improved selectivity and oral bioavailability. CGP 57813 inhibited HIV-1 protease with an IC50 of 11 nM (similar to CGP 53437). CGP 61755, on the other hand, was c.a. 10-fold more potent (IC50 = 1 nM; similar to saquinavir and indinavir). The selectivity profile of CGP 57813 was comparable to that of CGP 53437 while CGP 61755 clearly had improved selectivity for HIV-1 protease over human aspartic proteases. All three compounds had similar antiviral activity in HIV-1/MN infected MT-2 cells; ED50s were c.a. 5 nM and ED90s were 30 nM. Compared to CGP 53437, both CGP 57813 and CGP 61755 had markedly better bioavailability in mice after oral administration in a DMSO-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin formulation. However, when CGP 57813 was administered in a sesame oil-based formulation to either mice or dogs no useful plasma concentrations could be measured. In contrast, CGP 61755 was clearly bioavailable in dogs after oral administration of the compound in the same formulation; 1.2 g per dog resulted in a mean AUC0-8 h = 21.06 ± 3.53 μM.h, a mean Cmax = 4.8 ± 0.52 μM and compound was detectable for at least 8 h after administration. The potent antiviral activity of CGP 61755 together with improved selectivity and oral bioavailability holds promise for efficacy in AIDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Cozens
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - G. Bold
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H-G. Capraro
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Fässler
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Mestan
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Lang
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - B. Poncioni
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. Stover
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J.L. Rösel
- Ciba, Pharmaceutical Division, Research Department Cancer and Infectious Diseases, CH 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Houpis IN, Liu R, Liu L, Wang Y, Dong N, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xiao T, Wang Y, Depre D, Nettekoven U, Vogel M, Wilson R, Collier S. Synthesis of a Long Acting HIV Protease InhibitorviaMetal or Enzymatic Reduction of the Appropriate Chloro Ketone and Selective Zinc Enolate Condensation with an Amino Epoxide. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Kesteleyn B, Amssoms K, Schepens W, Hache G, Verschueren W, Van De Vreken W, Rombauts K, Meurs G, Sterkens P, Stoops B, Baert L, Austin N, Wegner J, Masungi C, Dierynck I, Lundgren S, Jönsson D, Parkes K, Kalayanov G, Wallberg H, Rosenquist A, Samuelsson B, Van Emelen K, Thuring JW. Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012. [PMID: 23177258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) (1-22), which display high potency against HIV-1 wild-type and multi-PI-resistant HIV-mutant clinical isolates, is described. Lead optimization was initiated from compound 1, a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene peptidomimetic PI, and was directed towards the discovery of new PIs suitable for a long-acting (LA) injectable drug application. Introducing a heterocyclic 6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl or a 6-(dimethylamino)-3-pyridinyl moiety (R(3)) at the para-position of the P1' benzyl fragment generated compounds with antiviral potency in the low single digit nanomolar range. Halogenation or alkylation of the metabolic hot spots on the various aromatic rings resulted in PIs with high stability against degradation in human liver microsomes and low plasma clearance in rats. Replacing the chromanolamine moiety (R(1)) in the P2 protease binding site by a cyclopentanolamine or a cyclohexanolamine derivative provided a series of high clearance PIs (16-22) with EC(50)s on wild-type HIV-1 in the range of 0.8-1.8 nM. PIs 18 and 22, formulated as nanosuspensions, showed gradual but sustained and complete release from the injection site over two months in rats, and were therefore identified as interesting candidates for a LA injectable drug application for treating HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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CAPRARO HG, BOLD G, FAESSLER A, COZENS R, KLIMKAIT T, LAZDINS J, MESTAN J, PONCIONI B, ROESEL JL, STOVER D, LANG M. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Potent and Orally Active HIV-Protease Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.199643183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Rojo I, Martín JA, Broughton H, Timm D, Erickson J, Yang HC, McCarthy JR. Macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors of beta-secretase (BACE): first X-ray structure of a macrocyclic peptidomimetic-BACE complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:191-5. [PMID: 16249081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors of the enzyme BACE1 is described. These macrocycles are derived from a hydroxyethylene core structure. Compound 7 was co-crystallized with BACE1 and the X-ray structure of the complex elucidated at 1.6 Angstrom resolution. This molecule inhibits the production of the Abeta peptide in HEK293 cells overexpressing APP751sw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rojo
- Lilly S.A., Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain.
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Chapter 24. Pharmacokinetics and design of aspartyl protease inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7
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Ibrahim-Ouali M, Parrain JL, Santelli M. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE ALKYLATION OF LACTONES. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949909355335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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