Efficient Regioselective Synthesis and Potential Antitumor Evaluation of Isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines and Related Annulated Compounds

Novel Approach to the Synthesis of 3-amino-4-arylpyridin-2(1H)-one Derivatives

The reaction of 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones with enamines of ethyl acetoacetate gave 4-aryl-2-methyl-6-oxo-5-[(phenylcarbonyl)amino]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid esters, which, when heated with phosphorus oxychloride, were converted into esters of 7-aryl-5-methyl-2-phenyloxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-6-carboxylic acids. Alkaline hydrolysis of these compounds gave 4-aryl-2-methyl-6-oxo-5-[(phenylcarbonyl)amino]-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid esters.

Aminoazole-Based Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Heterocycles

The comprehensive review contains the analysis of literature data concerning reactions of heterocyclization of aminoazoles and demonstrates the application of these types of transformations in diversity-oriented synthesis. The review is oriented to wide range of chemists working in the field of organic synthesis and both experimental and theoretical studies of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines: a tale of two scaffolds

The association of the isoxazole and dihydropyridine (DHP) ring systems fused at the 4'-isoxazolyl- to the 4-position of the DHP has produced a combination scaffold, the isoxazolyl-DHPs (IDHPs) with unique conformational characteristics. The IDHPs are useful in probing biological activity, as exemplified by our efforts in the fields of voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antagonists and inhibitors of the multi-drug resistance (MDR) transporter. A strategically placed methyl group produced a signifcant change at the VGCC, with (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-prop-2-yl (3.7 nM) > phenethyl (22.9 nM) > (S)-(-)-1-phenyl-prop-2-yl (210 nM), a eudismic ratio of 56.7. Branching at the C-5 of the isoxazole produced a 25% increase in MDR binding, and replacing the DHP C-3 ester with a functionalized amide also gave a dramatic increase in binding affinity. Opportunities for combined scaffolds - including examples containing IDHPs - are waiting to be discovered: because new biology is driven by new chemistry.