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Physical Surface Modification of Carbon-Nanotube/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Electrodes for High-Sensitivity DNA Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102661. [PMID: 34685103 PMCID: PMC8541392 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical modification of electrode surfaces has attracted significant attention for lowering the limit of detection or for improving the recognition of biomolecules; however, the chemical processes are complex, dangerous, and difficult to control. Therefore, instead of the chemical process, we physically modified the surface of carbon-nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite electrodes by dip coating them with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs). These electrodes are used as working electrodes in electrochemistry, where they act as a recognition layer for sequence-specific DNA sensing through π-π interactions. The F-MWCNT-modified electrodes showed a limit of detection of 19.9 fM, which was 1250 times lower than that of pristine carbon/polydimethylsiloxane electrodes in a previous study, with a broad linear range of 1-1000 pM. The physically modified electrode was very stable during the electrode regeneration process after DNA detection. Our method paves the way for utilizing physical modification to significantly lower the limit of detection of a biosensor system as an alternative to chemical processes.
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Kim JM, Jung S, Jeon EJ, Kim BK, No JY, Kim MJ, Kim H, Song CS, Kim SK. Highly Selective Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction with a Nanomaterial Composite Hydrogel for Precise Diagnosis of Viral Infection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30295-30305. [PMID: 34165969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As viruses have been threatening global public health, fast diagnosis has been critical to effective disease management and control. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is now widely used as the gold standard for detecting viruses. Although a multiplex assay is essential for identifying virus types and subtypes, the poor multiplicity of RT-qPCR makes it laborious and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe the development of a multiplex RT-qPCR platform with hydrogel microparticles acting as independent reactors in a single reaction. To build target-specific particles, target-specific primers and probes are integrated into the particles in the form of noncovalent composites with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The thermal release characteristics of DNA, primer, and probe from the composites of primer-BNNT and probe-CNT allow primer and probe to be stored in particles during particle production and to be delivered into the reaction. In addition, BNNT did not absorb but preserved the fluorescent signal, while CNT protected the fluorophore of the probe from the free radicals present during particle production. Bicompartmental primer-incorporated network (bcPIN) particles were designed to harness the distinctive properties of two nanomaterials. The bcPIN particles showed a high RT-qPCR efficiency of over 90% and effective suppression of non-specific reactions. 16-plex RT-qPCR has been achieved simply by recruiting differently coded bcPIN particles for each target. As a proof of concept, multiplex one-step RT-qPCR was successfully demonstrated with a simple reaction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Ju Jeon
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong No
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, KIST, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, UST, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kwak SY, Lew TTS, Sweeney CJ, Koman VB, Wong MH, Bohmert-Tatarev K, Snell KD, Seo JS, Chua NH, Strano MS. Chloroplast-selective gene delivery and expression in planta using chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotube carriers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:447-455. [PMID: 30804482 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic engineering is an important tool used in current efforts in crop improvement, pharmaceutical product biosynthesis and sustainable agriculture. However, conventional genetic engineering techniques target the nuclear genome, prompting concerns about the proliferation of foreign genes to weedy relatives. Chloroplast transformation does not have this limitation, since the plastid genome is maternally inherited in most plants, motivating the need for organelle-specific and selective nanocarriers. Here, we rationally designed chitosan-complexed single-walled carbon nanotubes, utilizing the lipid exchange envelope penetration mechanism. The single-walled carbon nanotubes selectively deliver plasmid DNA to chloroplasts of different plant species without external biolistic or chemical aid. We demonstrate chloroplast-targeted transgene delivery and transient expression in mature Eruca sativa, Nasturtium officinale, Nicotiana tabacum and Spinacia oleracea plants and in isolated Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts. This nanoparticle-mediated chloroplast transgene delivery tool provides practical advantages over current delivery techniques as a potential transformation method for mature plants to benefit plant bioengineering and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Connor J Sweeney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jun Sung Seo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Umemura K, Ishibashi Y, Ito M, Homma Y. Quantitative Detection of the Disappearance of the Antioxidant Ability of Catechin by Near-Infrared Absorption and Near-Infrared Photoluminescence Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7750-7758. [PMID: 31459864 PMCID: PMC6648150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We succeeded in quantitatively detecting the disappearance of catechin antioxidant ability as a function of time using near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and NIR photoluminescence (PL) spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) wrapped with DNA molecules (DNA-SWNT hybrids). When 15 μg/mL of catechin was added to the oxidized hybrid suspension, the absorbance of SWNTs increased, according to the antioxidant ability of catechin, and the effect was maintained at least for 30 min. When catechin concentrations were less than 0.3 μg/mL, SWNT absorbance gradually decreased, although it increased when catechin is added. The results revealed that disappearance of the catechin effects could be quantitatively detected by NIR absorbance spectra. When NIR PL was employed, the disappearance of PL intensity was also observed in the case of low catechin concentrations. However, time-lapse measurement of the disappearance was difficult because the PL intensity was rapidly quenched. In addition, the optical responses were different due to different chirality of SWNTs. Our results suggested that both NIR absorbance and PL can detect disappearance of catechin antioxidant effects; in particular, slow response of NIR absorbance was effective to detect time dependence of the disappearance of the catechin effects. Contrarily, PL revealed huge and rapid responses in contrast to NIR absorbance. PL might be effective for reversible use of DNA-SWNT hybrids as a nanobiosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yu Ishibashi
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Homma
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Preise des Royal Australian Chemical Institute 2018. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Royal Australian Chemical Institute Awards 2018. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2187-2188. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xu Q, Li W, Ding L, Yang W, Xiao H, Ong WJ. Function-driven engineering of 1D carbon nanotubes and 0D carbon dots: mechanism, properties and applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1475-1504. [PMID: 30620019 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free carbonaceous nanomaterials have witnessed a renaissance of interest due to the surge in the realm of nanotechnology. Among myriads of carbon-based nanostructures with versatile dimensionality, one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and zero-dimensional (0D) carbon dots (CDs) have grown into a research frontier in the past few decades. With extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, CNTs are utilized in transparent displays, quantum wires, field emission transistors, aerospace materials, etc. Although CNTs possess diverse characteristics, their most attractive property is their unique photoluminescence. On the other hand, another growing family of carbonaceous nanomaterials, which is CDs, has drawn much research attention due to its cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, fluorescence, luminescence and simplicity to be synthesized and functionalized with surface passivation. Benefiting from these unprecedented properties, CDs have been widely employed in biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, and catalysis. Herein, we have systematically presented the fascinating properties, preparation methods and multitudinous applications of CNTs and CDs (including graphene quantum dots). We will discuss how CNTs and CDs have emerged as auspicious nanomaterials for potential applications, especially in electronics, sensors, bioimaging, wearable devices, batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Last but not least, this review is concluded with a summary, outlook and invigorating perspectives for future research horizons in this emerging platform of carbonaceous nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 102249, China.
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Umemura K, Sato S. Scanning Techniques for Nanobioconjugates of Carbon Nanotubes. SCANNING 2018; 2018:6254692. [PMID: 30008981 PMCID: PMC6020491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobioconjugates using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive and promising hybrid materials. Various biological applications using the CNT nanobioconjugates, for example, drug delivery systems and nanobiosensors, have been proposed by many authors. Scanning techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have advantages to characterize the CNT nanobioconjugates under various conditions, for example, isolated conjugates, conjugates in thin films, and conjugates in living cells. In this review article, almost 300 papers are categorized based on types of CNT applications, and various scanning data are introduced to illuminate merits of scanning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Shizuma Sato
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
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