1
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Beaufils A, Melle P, Lentz N, Albrecht M. Air-Stable Coordinatively Unsaturated Ruthenium(II) Complex for Ligand Binding and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones from Ethanol. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2072-2081. [PMID: 38230574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Coordinatively unsaturated complexes are interesting from a fundamental level for their formally empty coordination site and, in particular, from a catalytic perspective as they provide opportunities for substrate binding and transformation. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel underligated ruthenium complex [Ru(cym)(N,N')]+, 3, featuring an amide-functionalized pyridylidene amide (PYA) as the N,N'-bidentate coordinating ligand. In contrast to previously investigated underligated complexes, complex 3 offers potential for dynamic modifications, thanks to the flexible donor properties of the PYA ligand. Specifically, they allow both for stabilizing the formally underligated metal center in complex 3 through nitrogen π-donation and for facilitating through π-acidic bonding properties the coordination of a further ligand L to the ruthenium center to yield the formal 18 e- complexes [Ru(cym)(N,N')(L)]+ (4: L = P(OMe)3; 5: L = PPh3; 6: L = N-methylimidazole; 7: L = pyridine) and neutral complex [RuCl(cym)(N,N')] 8. Analysis by 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies reveals an increasing Ru-L bond strength along the sequence pyridine <1-methylimidazole < PPh3 < P(OMe)3 with binding constants varying over 3 orders of magnitude with log(Keq) values between 2.8 and 5.7. The flexibility of the Ru(PYA) unit and the ensuing accessibility of saturated and unsaturated species with one and the same ligand are attractive from a fundamental point of view and also for catalytic applications, as catalytic transformations rely on the availability of transiently vacant coordination sites. Thus, while complex 3 does not form stable adducts with O-donors such as ketones or alcohols, it transiently binds these species, as evidenced by the considerable catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Notably, and as one of only a few catalysts, complex 3 is compatible with EtOH as a hydrogen source. Complex 3 shows excellent performance in the transfer hydrogenation of pyridyl-containing substrates, in agreement with the poor coordination strength of this functional group to the ruthenium center in 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Beaufils
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Melle
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lentz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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2
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Izquierdo-Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero-Antonino JR. Silver Supported Nanoparticles on [Mg 4 Al-LDH] as an Efficient Catalyst for the α-Alkylation of Nitriles, Oxindoles and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300818. [PMID: 37486295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient heterogeneous silver-catalyzed α-alkylation of nitriles and oxindoles using alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy has been developed for the first time. The active nanostructured material, namely [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], composed by silver nanoparticles (3-4 nm average particle size) homogeneously stabilized onto a [Mg4 Al-LDH] support with suitable Brønsted basic properties, constitutes a stable catalyst for the sustainable building of novel C-C bonds from alcohols and C-nucleophiles. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of α-functionalized nitriles and oxindoles has been accessed with good to excellent isolated yields and without the addition of external bases. Moreover, the novel silver nanocatalyst has also demonstrated its successful application to the cyclization of N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetamides to afford 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones, through a one-pot dehydrogenation and intramolecular α-alkylation. Control experiments, kinetic studies, and characterization data of a variety of [Ag/LDH]-type materials confirmed the silver role in the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation steps, while [Mg4 Al-LDH] matrix is able to catalyze condensation. Interestingly, these studies suggest as key point for the successful activity of [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], in comparison with other [Ag/LDH]-type nanocatalysts, the suitable acid-base properties of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo-Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Jose R Cabrero-Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
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3
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Himmelbauer D, Talmazan R, Weber S, Pecak J, Thun‐Hohenstein A, Geissler M, Pachmann L, Pignitter M, Podewitz M, Kirchner K. No Transition Metals Required - Oxygen Promoted Synthesis of Imines from Primary Alcohols and Amines under Ambient Conditions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300094. [PMID: 36866600 PMCID: PMC10946877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of imines denotes a cornerstone in organic chemistry. The use of alcohols as renewable substituents for carbonyl-functionality represents an attractive opportunity. Consequently, carbonyl moieties can be in situ generated from alcohols upon transition-metal catalysis under inert atmosphere. Alternatively, bases can be utilized under aerobic conditions. In this context, we report the synthesis of imines from benzyl alcohols and anilines, promoted by KOt Bu under aerobic conditions at room temperature, in the absence of any transition-metal catalyst. A detailed investigation of the radical mechanism of the underlying reaction is presented. This reveals a complex reaction network fully supporting the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Himmelbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-ACA-1060WienAustria
| | - Radu Talmazan
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9A-1060WienAustria
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-ACA-1060WienAustria
| | - Jan Pecak
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-ACA-1060WienAustria
| | | | | | - Lukas Pachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-ACA-1060WienAustria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090WienAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9A-1060WienAustria
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-ACA-1060WienAustria
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4
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Genç S, Arslan B, Gülcemal D, Gülcemal S, Günnaz S. Nickel-catalyzed alkylation of ketones and nitriles with primary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9753-9762. [PMID: 36448637 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel(II)-salen or nickel(II)-salphen catalyzed α-alkylation of ketones and nitriles with primary alcohols is reported. Various α-alkylated ketones and nitriles were obtained in high yields through a borrowing hydrogen strategy by using 1-3 mol% of nickel catalyst and a catalytic amount of NaOH (5-10 mol%) under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Genç
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Arslan
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Gülcemal
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Salih Günnaz
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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5
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Jafarzadeh M, Sobhani SH, Gajewski K, Kianmehr E. Recent advances in C/ N-alkylation with alcohols through hydride transfer strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7713-7745. [PMID: 36169049 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the most recent reports in three powerful and ever-growing fields of borrowing hydrogen, acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, and base-mediated hydride transfer strategies; which pave the way for generating reactive intermediates via shuttling hydrogen (or hydride) between starting materials without any need for an external hydrogen source to easily construct more complex structures. There is a thorough focus on diversifying the utility of alcohols for C/N-alkylation leading to the synthesis of branched ketones, alcohols, amines, indols, and 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridines and pyrimidines, various transformations with the focus on C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions via metal-based catalysis or metal-free approaches in this context to give a global overview in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jafarzadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hasan Sobhani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | | | - Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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6
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Li G, Li M, Xia Z, Tan Z, Deng W, Fang C. Direct Synthesis of Amides from Benzonitriles and Benzylic Alcohols via a KO t-Bu-Mediated MPV-type Hydrogen Transfer Process. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8884-8891. [PMID: 35758138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV)-type reduction between benzonitriles and benzylic alcohols under transition-metal-free conditions has been demonstrated for the first time. Using simple KOt-Bu as the base, various benzonitriles can be efficiently reduced by benzylic alcohols via hydrogen transfer reduction, and the resultant phenyl imine can react further with benzylic alcohols to give amides as the final product in which both the alcohols and the nitriles are incorporated. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction may go through multiple MPV-type hydrogen transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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7
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Wu S, Song W, Zhu R, Hu J, Zhao L, Li Z, Yu X, Xia C, Zhao J. Catalyst-Free α-Alkylation-α-Hydroxylation of Oxindole with Alcohols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5464-5471. [PMID: 35389661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-Alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles, a subclass of oxindole products, have antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities. In this study, a green and economical protocol for the synthesis of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles is developed for the first time via α-alkylation-α-hydroxylation of oxindole with benzyl alcohols without using any transition-metal catalysts in yields of 29-93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Zhu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyao Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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8
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Su F, Lai M, Zhao M, Song M, Hu X, Zhang J. t
‐BuOK‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Direct Olefination and Alkylation of Methyl
N
‐Heteroarenes with Primary Alcohols under Control of Temperature. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Su
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Mingzhou Song
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
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9
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Lai M, Su F, Hu J, Wang M, Zhao M, Zhang G. Synthesis of N-Heteroarenemethyl Esters via C–C Bond Cleavage of Acyl Cyanides Under Transition Metal-Free Conditions. Front Chem 2022; 9:822625. [PMID: 35155384 PMCID: PMC8828493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.822625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical method to synthesize N-heteroaryl esters from N-heteroaryl methanols with acyl cyanides via C–C bond cleavage without using any transition metal is demonstrated here. The use of Na2CO3/15-crown-5 couple enables access to a series of N-heteroaryl esters in high efficiency. This protocol is operationally simple and highly environmentally benign producing only cyanides as byproducts.
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10
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Subaramanian M, Sivakumar G, Balaraman E. First-Row Transition-Metal Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Related Reactions: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3839-3871. [PMID: 34415674 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable catalytic protocols that circumvent the use of expensive and precious metal catalysts and avoid toxic reagents plays a crucial role in organic synthesis. Indeed, the direct employment of simple and abundantly available feedstock chemicals as the starting materials broadens their synthetic application in contemporary research. In particular, the transition metal-catalyzed diversification of alcohols with various nucleophilic partners to construct a wide range of building blocks is a powerful and highly desirable methodology. Moreover, the replacement of precious metal catalysts by non-precious and less toxic metals for selective transformations is one of the main goals and has been paid significant attention to in modern chemistry. In view of this, the first-row transition metal catalysts find extensive applications in various synthetic transformations such as catalytic hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and related reactions. Herein, we have disclosed our recent developments on the base-metal catalysis such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni for the acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions and its application in the C-C and C-N bond formation via hydrogen auto-transfer (HA) and acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling (ADC) reactions. These HA/ADC protocols employ alcohol as alkylating agents and eliminate water and/or hydrogen gas as by-products, representing highly atom-efficient and environmentally benign reactions. Furthermore, diverse simple to complex organic molecules synthesis by C-C and C-N bond formation using feedstock alcohols are also overviewed. Overall, this account deals with the contribution and development of efficient and novel homogeneous as well as heterogeneous base-metal catalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Ganesan Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
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11
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Luo N, Zhong Y, Wen H, Shui H, Luo R. Iridium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Construction of
α
‐Substituted Ketones via Hydrogen Borrowing of Alcohols in Water. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nianhua Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Hongling Shui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
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12
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Arslan B, Gülcemal S. α-Alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols catalyzed by backbone modified N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1788-1796. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
α-Alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols was achieved by using backbone-modified NHC–IrI complexes as catalysts with turnover numbers of up to 960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Arslan
- Department of Chemistry
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova
- Turkey
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13
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Wang YB, Shi L, Zhang X, Fu LR, Hu W, Zhang W, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. NaOH-Mediated Direct Synthesis of Quinoxalines from o-Nitroanilines and Alcohols via a Hydrogen-Transfer Strategy. J Org Chem 2021; 86:947-958. [PMID: 33351617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A NaOH-mediated sustainable synthesis of functionalized quinoxalines is disclosed via redox condensation of o-nitroamines with diols and α-hydroxy ketones. Under optimized conditions, various o-nitroamines and alcohols are well tolerated to generate the desired products in 44-99% yields without transition metals and external redox additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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14
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Paudel K, Xu S, Ding K. α-Alkylation of Nitriles with Primary Alcohols by a Well-Defined Molecular Cobalt Catalyst. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14980-14988. [PMID: 33136400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The α-alkylation of nitriles with primary alcohols to selectively synthesize nitriles by a well-defined molecular homogeneous cobalt catalyst is presented. Thirty-two examples with up to 95% yield are reported. Remarkably, this transformation is environmentally friendly and atom economical with water as the only byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Paudel
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States.,Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Keying Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States.,Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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15
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Xiao J, Li F, Zhong T, Wu X, Guo F, Li Q, Tang ZL. Copper-catalyzed radical oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H cross-coupling between arylacetonitriles and benzylic compounds. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Dambatta MB, Santos J, Bolt RR, Morrill LC. Transition metal free α-C-alkylation of ketones using secondary alcohols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Chen XJ, Gui QW, Yi R, Yu X, Wu ZL, Huang Y, Cao Z, He WM. Copper(i)-catalyzed intermolecular cyanoarylation of alkenes: convenient access to α-alkylated arylacetonitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5234-5237. [PMID: 32602499 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cu(i)-catalyzed intermolecular cyanoarylation of alkenes with diaryliodonium salts as a radical arylating reagent and tetra-butylammonium cyanide as an electrophilic cyanating reagent was established. A broad range of α-alkylated arylacetonitriles were efficiently constructed in good to excellent yields under base- and oxidant-free and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Rongnan Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xianyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Zhi-Lin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Wei-Min He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
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18
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Wübbolt S, Cheong CB, Frost JR, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. A Vinyl Cyclopropane Ring Expansion and Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Borrowing Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11339-11344. [PMID: 32314851 PMCID: PMC7463175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A vinyl cyclopropane rearrangement embedded in an iridium-catalyzed hydrogen borrowing reaction enabled the formation of substituted stereo-defined cyclopentanes from Ph* methyl ketone and cyclopropyl alcohols. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for the ring-expansion reaction being the result of a cascade based on oxidation of the cyclopropyl alcohols, followed by aldol condensation with the pentamethyl phenyl-substituted ketone to form an enone containing the vinyl cyclopropane. Subsequent single electron transfer (SET) to this system initiates a rearrangement, and the catalytic cycle is completed by reduction of the new enone. This process allows for the efficient formation of diversely substituted cyclopentanes as well as the construction of complex bicyclic carbon skeletons containing up to four contiguous stereocentres, all with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - James R. Frost
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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19
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Chakraborty P, Garg N, Manoury E, Poli R, Sundararaju B. C-Alkylation of Various Carbonucleophiles with Secondary Alcohols under CoIII-Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Azizi K, Madsen R. Radical condensation between benzylic alcohols and acetamides to form 3-arylpropanamides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7800-7806. [PMID: 34123070 PMCID: PMC8163310 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new radical condensation reaction is developed where benzylic alcohols and acetamides are coupled to generate 3-arylpropanamides with water as the only byproduct. The transformation is performed with potassium tert-butoxide as the only additive and gives rise to a variety of 3-arylpropanamides in good yields. The mechanism has been investigated experimentally with labelled substrates, trapping experiments and spectroscopic measurements. The findings indicate a radical pathway where potassium tert-butoxide is believed to serve a dual role as both base and radical initiator. The radical anion of the benzylic alcohol is proposed as the key intermediate, which undergoes coupling with the enolate of the amide to form the new C–C bond. Subsequent elimination to the corresponding cinnamamide and olefin reduction then affords the 3-arylpropanamides. Benzylic alcohols and acetamides are coupled into 3-arylpropanamides by a new radical condensation through the radical anion of the alcohol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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21
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Wübbolt S, Cheong CB, Frost JR, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. A Vinyl Cyclopropane Ring Expansion and Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Borrowing Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Choon Boon Cheong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - James R. Frost
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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22
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Yadav V, Landge VG, Subaramanian M, Balaraman E. Manganese-Catalyzed α-Olefination of Nitriles with Secondary Alcohols. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Yadav
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad − 201002, India
| | - Vinod G. Landge
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, India
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati − 517507, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati − 517507, India
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