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Yadav SP, Karmakar G, Shah AY, Vats BG, Pathak A, Tyagi A, Chauhan RS, Singh V. Precursor engineering for soft selective synthesis of phase pure metal-rich digenite (Cu 9S 5) and djurleite (Cu 31S 16) nanocrystals and investigation of their photo-switching characteristics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22656-22664. [PMID: 39027037 PMCID: PMC11255559 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper sulfide nanostructures have evolved as one of the most technologically important materials for energy conversion and storage owing to their economic and non-toxic nature and superior performances. This paper presents a direct, scalable synthetic route aided by a single source molecular precursor (SSP) approach to access copper sulfide nanomaterials. Two SSPs, CuX(dmpymSH)(PPh3)2 (where X = Cl or I), were synthesized in quantitative yields and thermolyzed under appropriate conditions to afford the nanostructures. The analysis of the nanostructures through pXRD, EDS and XPS suggested that phase pure digenite (Cu9S5) and djurleite (Cu31S16) nanostructures were isolated from -Cl and -I substituted SSPs, respectively. The morphologies of the as-synthesized nanomaterials were investigated using electron microscopy techniques (SEM and TEM). DRS studies on pristine materials revealed blue shifted optical band gaps, which were found to be optimum for photoelectrochemical application. A prototype photoelectrochemical cell fabricated using the pristine nanostructures exhibited a stable photo-switching property, which presents these materials as suitable economic and environmentally friendly photon absorber materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Peerappa Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce Vidyavihar Mumbai 400077 India
| | - Gourab Karmakar
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Alpa Y Shah
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Bal Govind Vats
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Adish Tyagi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Rohit Singh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce Vidyavihar Mumbai 400077 India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai- 400085 India
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Kundu A, Chakraborty B. Surface Structure to Tailor the Electrochemical Behavior of Mixed-Valence Copper Sulfides during Water Electrolysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:642-656. [PMID: 38425911 PMCID: PMC10900219 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The semiconducting behavior of mixed-valence copper sulfides arises from the pronounced covalency of Cu-S bonds and the exchange coupling between CuI and CuII centers. Although electrocatalytic study with digenite Cu9S5 and covellite CuS has been performed earlier, detailed redox chemistry and its interpretation through lattice structure analysis have never been realized. Herein, nanostructured Cu9S5 and CuS are prepared and used as electrode materials to study their electrochemistry. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and microscopic studies have found the exposed surface of Cu9S5 to be d(0015) and d(002) for CuS. Tetrahedral (Td) CuII, distorted octahedral (Oh) CuII, and trigonal planar (Tp) CuI sites form the d(0015) surface of Cu9S5, while the (002) surface of CuS consists of only Td CuII. The distribution of CuI and CuII sites in the lattice, predicted by PXRD, can further be validated through core-level Cu 2p X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The difference in the electrochemical response of Cu9S5 and CuS arises predominantly from the different copper sites present in the exposed surfaces and their redox states. In situ Raman spectra recorded during cyclic voltammetric study indicates that Cu9S5 is more electrochemically labile compared to CuS and transforms rapidly to CuO/Cu2O. Contact-angle and BET analyses imply that a high-surface-energy and macroporous Cu9S5 surface favors the electrolyte diffusion, which leads to a pronounced redox response. Post-chronoamperometric (CA) characterizations identify the potential-dependent structural transformation of Cu9S5 and CuS to CuO/Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 electroactive species. The performance of the in situ formed copper-oxides towards electrocatalytic water-splitting is superior compared to the pristine copper sulfides. In this study, the redox chemistry of the Cu9S5/CuS has been correlated to the atomic arrangements and coordination geometry of the surface exposed sites. The structure-activity correlation provides in-depth knowledge of how to interpret the electrochemistry of metal sulfides and their in situ potential-driven surface/bulk transformation pathway to evolve the active phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinava Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Ahmed ATA, Ansari AS, Sree VG, Jana A, Meena A, Sekar S, Cho S, Kim H, Im H. Nitrogen-Doped CuO@CuS Core-Shell Structure for Highly Efficient Catalytic OER Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3160. [PMID: 38133057 PMCID: PMC10745488 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is a highly efficient route to produce ideally clean H2 fuel with excellent energy conversion efficiency and high gravimetric energy density, without producing carbon traces, unlike steam methane reforming, and it resolves the issues of environmental contamination via replacing the conventional fossil fuel. Particular importance lies in the advancement of highly effective non-precious catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The electrocatalytic activity of an active catalyst mainly depends on the material conductivity, accessible catalytically active sites, and intrinsic OER reaction kinetics, which can be tuned via introducing N heteroatoms in the catalyst structure. Herein, the efficacious nitrogenation of CuS was accomplished, synthesized using a hydrothermal procedure, and characterized for its electrocatalytic activity towards OER. The nitrogen-doped CuO@CuS (N,CuO@CuS) electrocatalyst exhibited superior OER activity compared to pristine CuS (268 and 602 mV), achieving a low overpotential of 240 and 392 mV at a current density of 10 and 100 mA/cm2, respectively, ascribed to the favorable electronic structural modification triggered by nitrogen incorporation. The N,CuO@CuS also exhibits excellent endurance under varied current rates and a static potential response over 25 h with stability measured at 10 and 100 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Talha Aqueel Ahmed
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Abu Saad Ansari
- Center of Excellence Applied Nanotechnology, Nano Center Indonesia Research Institute, Banten 15314, Indonesia;
| | - Vijaya Gopalan Sree
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Atanu Jana
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Abhishek Meena
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Sankar Sekar
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Cho
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyungsang Kim
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunsik Im
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (A.T.A.A.); (V.G.S.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (H.K.)
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Ghosh S, Dasgupta B, Kalra S, Ashton MLP, Yang R, Kueppers CJ, Gok S, Alonso EG, Schmidt J, Laun K, Zebger I, Walter C, Driess M, Menezes PW. Evolution of Carbonate-Intercalated γ-NiOOH from a Molecularly Derived Nickel Sulfide (Pre)Catalyst for Efficient Water and Selective Organic Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206679. [PMID: 36651137 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a competent (pre)catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to produce green hydrogen is critical for a carbon-neutral economy. In this aspect, the low-temperature, single-source precursor (SSP) method allows the formation of highly efficient OER electrocatalysts, with better control over their structural and electronic properties. Herein, a transition metal (TM) based chalcogenide material, nickel sulfide (NiS), is prepared from a novel molecular complex [NiII (PyHS)4 ][OTf]2 (1) and utilized as a (pre)catalyst for OER. The NiS (pre)catalyst requires an overpotential of only 255 mV to reach the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm-2 and shows 63 h of chronopotentiometry (CP) stability along with over 95% Faradaic efficiency in 1 m KOH. Several ex situ measurements and quasi in situ Raman spectroscopy uncover that NiS irreversibly transformed to a carbonate-intercalated γ-NiOOH phase under the alkaline OER conditions, which serves as the actual active structure for the OER. Additionally, this in situ formed active phase successfully catalyzes the selective oxidation of alcohol, aldehyde, and amine-based organic substrates to value-added chemicals, with high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suptish Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basundhara Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shweta Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marten L P Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruotao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher J Kueppers
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sena Gok
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduardo Garcia Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Laun
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry/Biophysical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. PC14, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry/Biophysical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. PC14, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Materials Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis - CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Walter C, Beltrán-Suito R, Schwarze M, Gupta NK, Menezes PW, Driess M. Elemental chalcogens acting as metal-free electrocatalysts for effective alkaline and acidic hydrogen evolution reaction. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen Z, Yang H, Kang Z, Driess M, Menezes PW. The Pivotal Role of s-, p-, and f-Block Metals in Water Electrolysis: Status Quo and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108432. [PMID: 35104388 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals, in particular noble metals, are the most common species in metal-mediated water electrolysis because they serve as highly active catalytic sites. In many cases, the presence of nontransition metals, that is, s-, p-, and f-block metals with high natural abundance in the earth-crust in the catalytic material is indispensable to boost efficiency and durability in water electrolysis. This is why alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth metals, lean metals, and metalloids receive growing interest in this research area. In spite of the pivotal role of these nontransition metals in tuning efficiency of water electrolysis, there is far more room for developments toward a knowledge-based catalyst design. In this review, five classes of nontransition metals species which are successfully utilized in water electrolysis, with special emphasis on electronic structure-catalytic activity relationships and phase stability, are discussed. Moreover, specific fundamental aspects on electrocatalysts for water electrolysis as well as a perspective on this research field are also addressed in this account. It is anticipated that this review can trigger a broader interest in using s-, p-, and f-block metals species toward the discovery of advanced polymetal-containing electrocatalysts for practical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis - CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Kundu A, Adak MK, Kumar Y, Chakraborty B. Electrochemically Derived Crystalline CuO from Covellite CuS Nanoplates: A Multifunctional Anode Material. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4995-5009. [PMID: 35293211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present era, electrochemical water splitting has been showcased as a reliable solution for alternative and sustainable energy development. The development of a cheap, albeit active, catalyst to split water at a substantial overpotential with long durability is a perdurable challenge. Moreover, understanding the nature of surface-active species under electrochemical conditions remains fundamentally important. A facile hydrothermal approach is herein adapted to prepare covellite (hexagonal) phase CuS nanoplates. In the covellite CuS lattice, copper is present in a mixed-valent state, supported by two different binding energy values (932.10 eV for CuI and 933.65 eV for CuII) found in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and adopted two different geometries, that is, trigonal planar preferably for CuI and tetrahedral preferably for CuII. The as-synthesized covellite CuS behaves as an efficient electro(pre)catalyst for alkaline water oxidation while deposited on a glassy carbon and nickel foam (NF) electrodes. Under cyclic voltammetry cycles, covellite CuS electrochemically and irreversibly oxidized to CuO, indicated by a redox feature at 1.2 V (vs the reversible hydrogen electrode) and an ex situ Raman study. Electrochemically activated covellite CuS to the CuO phase (termed as CuSEA) behaves as a pure copper-based catalyst showing an overpotential (η) of only 349 (±5) mV at a current density of 20 mA cm-2, and the TOF value obtained at η349 (at 349 mV) is 1.1 × 10-3 s-1. A low Rct of 5.90 Ω and a moderate Tafel slope of 82 mV dec-1 confirm the fair activity of the CuSEA catalyst compared to the CuS precatalyst, reference CuO, and other reported copper catalysts. Notably, the CuSEA/NF anode can deliver a constant current of ca. 15 mA cm-2 over a period of 10 h and even a high current density of 100 mA cm-2 for 1 h. Post-oxygen evolution reaction (OER)-chronoamperometric characterization of the anode via several spectroscopic and microscopic tools firmly establishes the formation of crystalline CuO as the active material along with some amorphous Cu(OH)2 via bulk reconstruction of the covellite CuS under electrochemical conditions. Given the promising OER activity, the CuSEA/NF anode can be fabricated as a water electrolyzer, Pt(-)//(+)CuSEA/NF, that delivers a j of 10 mA cm-2 at a cell potential of 1.58 V. The same electrolyzer can further be used for electrochemical transformation of organic feedstocks like ethanol, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to their respective acids. The present study showcases that a highly active CuO/Cu(OH)2 heterostructure can be constructed in situ on NF from the covellite CuS nanoplate, which is not only a superior pure copper-based electrocatalyst active for OER and overall water splitting but also for the electro-oxidation of industrial feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinava Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Cu2S Nanoflakes Decorated with NiS Nanoneedles for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Activity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020278. [PMID: 35208402 PMCID: PMC8875390 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal sulfides are considered excellent materials for oxygen evolution reaction because of their excellent conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity. In this report, the NiS-Cu2S composites were prepared on copper foam (NiS-Cu2S-CF) using a facile synthetic strategy. The scanning electron microscopy results confirmed that the NiS nanoneedles were successfully grown on Cu2S nanoflakes, greatly increasing the active sites. Particularly, the optimized 15% NiS-Cu2S-CF composite demonstrated excellent oxygen evolution activity with a small overpotential of 308 mV@20 mA cm−2, which is significantly smaller than that of noble metal-based electrocatalysts and other NiS-Cu2S-CF composites. The enhanced oxygen evolution activity is attributed to the unique morphology that can provide ample active sites, rich ion-transfer pathways, and the synergistic effect between NiS and Cu2S, which can boost the electron transfer rate.
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Aggarwal P, Sarkar D, Awasthi K, Menezes PW. Functional role of single-atom catalysts in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution: Current developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gao L, Cui X, Sewell CD, Li J, Lin Z. Recent advances in activating surface reconstruction for the high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8428-8469. [PMID: 34259239 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A climax in the development of cost-effective and high-efficiency transition metal-based electrocatalysts has been witnessed recently for sustainable energy and related conversion technologies. In this regard, structure-activity relationships based on several descriptors have already been proposed to rationally design electrocatalysts. However, the dynamic reconstruction of the surface structures and compositions of catalysts during electrocatalytic water oxidation, especially during the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), complicate the streamlined prediction of the catalytic activity. With the achievements in operando and in situ techniques, it has been found that electrocatalysts undergo surface reconstruction to form the actual active species in situ accompanied with an increase in their oxidation state during OER in alkaline solution. Accordingly, a thorough understanding of the surface reconstruction process plays a critical role in establishing unambiguous structure-composition-property relationships in pursuit of high-efficiency electrocatalysts. However, several issues still need to be explored before high electrocatalytic activities can be realized, as follows: (1) the identification of initiators and pathways for surface reconstruction, (2) establishing the relationships between structure, composition, and electrocatalytic activity, and (3) the rational manipulation of in situ catalyst surface reconstruction. In this review, the recent progress in the surface reconstruction of transition metal-based OER catalysts including oxides, non-oxides, hydroxides and alloys is summarized, emphasizing the fundamental understanding of reconstruction behavior from the original precatalysts to the actual catalysts based on operando analysis and theoretical calculations. The state-of-the-art strategies to tailor the surface reconstruction such as substituting/doping with metals, introducing anions, incorporating oxygen vacancies, tuning morphologies and exploiting plasmonic/thermal/photothermal effects are then introduced. Notably, comprehensive operando/in situ characterization together with computational calculations are responsible for unveiling the improvement mechanism for OER. By delivering the progress, strategies, insights, techniques, and perspectives, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface reconstruction in transition metal-based OER catalysts and future guidelines for their rational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Walter C, Menezes PW, Driess M. Perspective on intermetallics towards efficient electrocatalytic water-splitting. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8603-8631. [PMID: 34257861 PMCID: PMC8246119 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01901e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermetallic compounds exhibit attractive electronic, physical, and chemical properties, especially in terms of a high density of active sites and enhanced conductivity, making them an ideal class of materials for electrocatalytic applications. Nevertheless, widespread use of intermetallics for such applications is often limited by the complex energy-intensive processes yielding larger particles with decreased surface areas. In this regard, alternative synthetic strategies are now being explored to realize intermetallics with distinct crystal structures, morphology, and chemical composition to achieve high performance and as robust electrode materials. In this perspective, we focus on the recent advances and progress of intermetallics for the reaction of electrochemical water-splitting. We first introduce fundamental principles and the evaluation parameters of water-splitting. Then, we emphasize the various synthetic methodologies adapted for intermetallics and subsequently, discuss their catalytic activities for water-splitting. In particular, importance has been paid to the chemical stability and the structural transformation of the intermetallics as well as their active structure determination under operating water-splitting conditions. Finally, we describe the challenges and future opportunities to develop novel high-performance and stable intermetallic compounds that can hold the key to more green and sustainable economy and rise beyond the horizon of water-splitting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Walter
- Derpartment of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Derpartment of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Derpartment of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 Berlin 10623 Germany
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12
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Gahlot S, Purohit B, Jeanneau E, Mishra S. Coinage Metal Complexes with Di‐tertiary‐butyl Sulfide as Precursors with Ultra‐Low Decomposition Temperature. Chemistry 2021; 27:10826-10832. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Gahlot
- Université Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon 2 avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Bhagyesh Purohit
- Université Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon 2 avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Université Lyon 1 Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon 5 rue de La Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Shashank Mishra
- Université Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon 2 avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
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Rajput A, Kundu A, Chakraborty B. Recent Progress on Copper‐Based Electrode Materials for Overall Water‐Splitting. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi India
| | - Avinava Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi India
| | - Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi India
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14
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Muthalif MPA, Choe Y. Surface modification of CuS counter electrodes by hydrohalic acid treatment for improving interfacial charge transfer in quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 595:15-24. [PMID: 33813220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High charge transfer resistance and low electrocatalytic activity of counter electrodes (CEs) are mainly responsible for the poor photovoltaic performance of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Herein, a novel strategy has been successfully introduced for the first time to improve the electrocatalytic activity and charge transfer properties of a copper sulfide (CuS) CE by modifying it with the addition of hydrohalic acids (HHA). Through the suitable surface modification of HHA-incorporated CuS CE, the charge transfer from the external circuit to the CE surface was effectively facilitated. The electrochemical analyses suggest that charge transfer resistance is sufficiently reduced at the CE/electrolyte interface by using the HHA-treated CuS CEs. This improvement is mainly attributed to the high electrocatalytic activity of the modified CEs for the reduction of the polysulfide redox couple electrolyte in QDSSCs. The device constructed with TiO2/CdS/CdSe/ZnS photoanodes and the hydrogen-fluoride-treated CuS (HFCuS) CE exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 4.25%, which is considerably higher than that of the device with the bare CuS CE (3.11%). These findings can facilitate the fabrication of highly efficient CEs for next-generation solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Panthakkal Abdul Muthalif
- Department of Polymer Science and Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Jangjeong-Dong, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Youngson Choe
- Department of Polymer Science and Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Jangjeong-Dong, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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15
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Sol gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application as nano-composite electrode material for supercapacitor. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Beltrán-Suito R, Forstner V, Hausmann JN, Mebs S, Schmidt J, Zaharieva I, Laun K, Zebger I, Dau H, Menezes PW, Driess M. A soft molecular 2Fe-2As precursor approach to the synthesis of nanostructured FeAs for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11834-11842. [PMID: 34123210 PMCID: PMC8162750 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented molecular 2Fe-2As precursor complex was synthesized and transformed under soft reaction conditions to produce an active and long-term stable nanocrystalline FeAs material for electrocatalytic water oxidation in alkaline media. The 2Fe2As-centred β-diketiminato complex, having an unusual planar Fe2As2 core structure, results from the salt-metathesis reaction of the corresponding β-diketiminato FeIICl complex and the AsCO- (arsaethynolate) anion as the monoanionic As- source. The as-prepared FeAs phase produced from the precursor has been electrophoretically deposited on conductive electrode substrates and shown to act as a electro(pre)catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The deposited FeAs undergoes corrosion under the severe anodic alkaline conditions which causes extensive dissolution of As into the electrolyte forming finally an active two-line ferrihydrite phase (Fe2O3(H2O) x ). Importantly, the dissolved As in the electrolyte can be fully recaptured (electro-deposited) at the counter electrode making the complete process eco-conscious. The results represent a new and facile entry to unexplored nanostructured transition-metal arsenides and their utilization for high-performance OER electrocatalysis, which are also known to be magnificent high-temperature superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Beltrán-Suito
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Viktoria Forstner
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - J Niklas Hausmann
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry: Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Ivelina Zaharieva
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Konstantin Laun
- Institut für Chemie, Max-Volmar-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, Max-Volmar-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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17
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Mondal I, Mahata A, Kim H, Pal U, De Angelis F, Park JY. A combined experimental and theoretical approach revealing a direct mechanism for bifunctional water splitting on doped copper phosphide. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17769-17779. [PMID: 32820761 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective electrocatalyst should have a high dispersion of active atoms and a controllable surface structure to optimize activity. Additionally, bifunctional characteristics give an added benefit for the overall water splitting. Herein, we report the synthesis and fabrication of Fe-doped Cu/Cu3P supported on a flexible carbon cloth (CC) with a hydrophilic surface for efficient bifunctional water electrolysis under alkaline conditions. Surface doping of Fe in the hexagonal Cu3P does not alter the lattice parameters, but it promotes the surface metallicity by stimulating Cuδ+ and Cu0 sites in Cu3P, resulting in an augmented electroactive surface area. Cu2.75Fe0.25P composition exhibits unprecedented OER activity with a low overpotential of 470 mV at 100 mA cm-2. Under a two electrode electrolyzer system the oxygen and hydrogen gas was evolved with an unprecedented rate at their respective electrode made of same catalyst. Density functional theory further elucidates the role of the Fe center toward electronic state modulation, which eventually alters the entire adsorption behavior of the reaction intermediates and reduces the overpotential on Fe-doped system over pristine Cu3P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Mondal
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Chakraborty B, Beltrán‐Suito R, Hlukhyy V, Schmidt J, Menezes PW, Driess M. Crystalline Copper Selenide as a Reliable Non-Noble Electro(pre)catalyst for Overall Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3222-3229. [PMID: 32196943 PMCID: PMC7318255 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting remains a frontier research topic in the quest to develop artificial photosynthetic systems by using noble metal-free and sustainable catalysts. Herein, a highly crystalline CuSe has been employed as active electrodes for overall water splitting (OWS) in alkaline media. The pure-phase klockmannite CuSe deposited on highly conducting nickel foam (NF) electrodes by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) displayed an overpotential of merely 297 mV for the reaction of oxygen evolution (OER) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 whereas an overpotential of 162 mV was attained for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the same current density, superseding the Cu-based as well as the state-of-the-art RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts. The bifunctional behavior of the catalyst has successfully been utilized to fabricate an overall water-splitting device, which exhibits a low cell voltage (1.68 V) with long-term stability. Post-catalytic analyses of the catalyst by ex-situ microscopic, spectroscopic, and analytical methods confirm that under both OER and HER conditions, the crystalline and conductive CuSe behaves as an electro(pre)catalyst forming a highly reactive in situ crystalline Cu(OH)2 overlayer (electro(post)catalyst), which facilitates oxygen (O2 ) evolution, and an amorphous Cu(OH)2 /CuOx active surface for hydrogen (H2 ) evolution. The present study demonstrates a distinct approach to produce highly active copper-based catalysts starting from copper chalcogenides and could be used as a basis to enhance the performance in durable bifunctional overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Rodrigo Beltrán‐Suito
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Viktor Hlukhyy
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry: Functional MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinHardenbergstraße 4010623BerlinGermany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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