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Moree LK, Faulkner LAV, Crowley JD. Heterometallic cages: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:25-46. [PMID: 38037385 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
High symmetry metallosupramolecular architectures (MSAs) have been exploited for a range of applications including molecular recognition, catalysis and drug delivery. Recently there have been increasing efforts to enhance those applications by generating reduced symmetry MSAs. While there are several emerging methods for generating lower symmetry MSAs, this tutorial review examines the general methods used for synthesizing heterometallic MSAs with a particular focus on heterometallic cages. Additionally, the intrinsic properties of the cages and their potential emerging applications as host-guest systems and reaction catalysts are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana K Moree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Logan A V Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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2
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Buchanan JS, Preston D. A Catalogue of Orthogonal Complementary Ligand Pairings for Palladium(II) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200272. [PMID: 35362213 PMCID: PMC9324840 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is a form of information transfer, seen in the base pairing in DNA which is derived from the identity (acceptor or donor) and number of hydrogen bond sites within each base. Here we report bis‐ligand palladium(II) complexes that exhibit similar complementarity. Pd(II) has square planar four‐coordinate geometry, giving control over ligand orientation and denticity. Pairings were developed using ligand denticity (3 : 1 or 2 : 2), and hydrogen bond capability (AA:DD or AD:DA) or lack thereof. Five pairings were investigated, with two sets of four being found fully orthogonal. The two 3 : 1 pairings exhibited limited ligand exchange. The extent of this exchange varied dependant on solvent from 2 : 1 (desired to undesired) to 6 : 1. A reliable and varied set of ligand pairs have therefore been developed for bis‐ligand coordination sphere engineering in pursuit of sorting for complex molecular architectures and molecular‐level information storage and transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Buchanan
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Dan Preston
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, Building 137, Sullivan Creek Road, 26010, Australia, 9200, Canberra, AUSTRALIA
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3
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Nößler M, Hunger D, Neuman NI, Reimann M, Reichert F, Winkler M, Klein J, Bens T, Suntrup L, Demeshko S, Stubbe J, Kaupp M, van Slageren J, Sarkar B. Fluorinated Click-Derived Tripodal Ligands Drive Spin Crossover in both Iron(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10507-10517. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Control of the spin state of metal complexes is important because it leads to a precise control over the physical properties and the chemical reactivity of the metal complexes. Currently,...
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Nößler M, Hunger D, Reichert F, Winkler M, Reimann M, Klein J, Suhr S, Suntrup L, Beerhues J, Kaupp M, van Slageren J, Sarkar B. Spin-state control of cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes with click-derived tripodal ligands through non-covalent and fluorine-specific interactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:18097-18106. [PMID: 34851330 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fine-tuning of intermolecular or intramolecular non-covalent interactions (NCIs) and thus the precise synthesis of metal complexes in which the spin states can be controlled by NCIs remains challenging, even though several such complexes have been intensively studied. In this regard, we present mononuclear cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes with "click"-derived tripodal ligands that contain fluorinated benzyl substituents in the secondary coordination sphere. The complexes were co-crystallized with different solvent molecules to decipher the effect of the crystallized solvents on NCIs, and on the spin state of the metal ion. Additionally, the fluorine-specific interactions in the secondary coordination sphere were examined. We present a first structure-property correlation between the nature of interaction of the (per)fluorinated aromatic substituents on the ligand periphery, and the spin state of the metal complexes. In particular, the TF5TA containing ligand show interesting stacking motifs depending on the used solvent, and these interactions have an influence on the spin state of the cobalt(II) complexes. Furthermore, the iron(II) complex thereof, Fe(TF5TA)2(BF4)2·2EtOH displays spin crossover (SCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Nößler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Hunger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Felix Reichert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Mario Winkler
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Marc Reimann
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Klein
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon Suhr
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Lin HY, Zhou LY, Xu L. Photocatalysis in Supramolecular Fluorescent Metallacycles and Metallacages. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3805-3816. [PMID: 34529337 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of photocatalytic techniques for achieving light-to-fuel conversion is a promising way to ease the shortage of energy and degradation of the ecological environment. Fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages have drawn considerable attention and have been used in widespread fields due to easy preparation and their abundant functionality including photocatalysis. This review covers recent advances in photocatalysis in discrete supramolecular fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages. The developments in the utilization of the metallacycles skeletons and the effect of fluorescence-resonance energy transfer for photocatalysis are discussed. Furthermore, the use of the ligands decorated by organic chromophores or redox metal sites in metallacages as photocatalysts and their ability to encapsulate appropriate catalytic cofactors for photocatalysis are summarized. For the sake of brevity, macrocycles and cages with inorganic coordination complexes such as ruthenium complexes and iridium complexes are not included in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Le-Yong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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Kolien J, Inglis AR, Vasdev RAS, Howard BI, Kruger PE, Preston D. Exploiting the labile site in dinuclear [Pd2L2]n+ metallo-cycles: multi-step control over binding affinity without alteration of core host structure. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic metallosupramolecular systems have generally been binary (on/off) when they have control over molecular recognition. This report details a dipalladium(ii) system with four-step graduated control over recognition for a guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kolien
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Amanda R. Inglis
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | | | - Ben I. Howard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
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