Penicillium fellutanum lipase as a green and ecofriendly biocatalyst for depolymerization of poly (ɛ-caprolactone): Biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations

Nano-based biofuel production from low-cost lignocellulose biomass: environmental sustainability and economic approach

The use of nanomaterials in biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass offers a promising approach to simultaneously address environmental sustainability and economic viability. This review provides an overview of the environmental and economic implications of integrating nanotechnology into biofuel production from low-cost lignocellulosic biomass. In this review, we highlight the potential benefits and challenges of nano-based biofuel production. Nanomaterials provide opportunities to improve feedstock pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and catalysis, resulting in enhanced process efficiency, lower energy consumption, and reduced environmental impact. Conducting life cycle assessments is crucial for evaluating the overall environmental footprint of biofuel production. An economic perspective that focuses on the cost implications of utilizing nanomaterials in biofuel production is also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of both environmental and economic dimensions is essential to fully harness the potential of nanomaterials in biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass and to move towards sustainable future energy.

Artificial Intelligence Aided Lipase Production and Engineering for Enzymatic Performance Improvement

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), tailoring methods for enzyme engineering have been widely expanded. Additional protocols based on optimized network models have been used to predict and optimize lipase production as well as properties, namely, catalytic activity, stability, and substrate specificity. Here, different network models and algorithms for the prediction and reforming of lipase, focusing on its modification methods and cases based on AI, are reviewed in terms of both their advantages and disadvantages. Different neural networks coupled with various algorithms are usually applied to predict the maximum yield of lipase by optimizing the external cultivations for lipase production, while one part is used to predict the molecule variations affecting the properties of lipase. However, few studies have directly utilized AI to engineer lipase by affecting the structure of the enzyme, and a set of research gaps needs to be explored. Additionally, future perspectives of AI application in enzymes, including lipase engineering, are deduced to help the redesign of enzymes and the reform of new functional biocatalysts. This review provides a new horizon for developing effective and innovative AI tools for lipase production and engineering and facilitating lipase applications in the food industry and biomass conversion.

Production of a fermented solid containing lipases from Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 and its direct employment in organic medium in ethyl oleate synthesis

The production and direct employment in organic medium in the ethyl-oleate synthesis of a fermented solid (FS) containing lipases by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 (PR10110) was investigated. For the production of this FS, the solid-state fermentation of different agroindustrial waste was used, such as: cocoa shell, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane bagasse with cocoa shell, and cocoa shell with soybean oil and nutrient solution. The response surface methodology was used to study the effect of independent variables of initial moisture content and inductor concentration, as carbon source and inducer on lipase production. The characterization of the fermented solid in organic medium was also carried out. The highest lipase activity (53 ± 5 U g^-1 ) was 16% higher than that obtained with the nonoptimized conditions. The characterization studies observed high stability of the FS in organic solvents for 5 h at 30°C, as well as at different temperatures, and the residual activity was measured against triolein. The FS was also able to catalyze ethyl-oleate synthesis maintaining high relative conversion over five reaction cycles of 96 h at 40°C in n-heptane. These results are promising and highlight the use of the FS containing PR10110 lipases for the first time in biocatalytic processes.