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Ando Y, Chang FC, James M, Zhou Y, Zhang M. Chitosan Scaffolds as Microcarriers for Dynamic Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1957. [PMID: 37514142 PMCID: PMC10384976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) possess remarkable potential for regenerative medicine in the treatment of presently incurable diseases. However, a key challenge lies in producing sufficient quantities of hNSCs, which is necessary for effective treatment. Dynamic culture systems are recognized as a powerful approach to producing large quantities of hNSCs required, where microcarriers play a critical role in supporting cell expansion. Nevertheless, the currently available microcarriers have limitations, including a lack of appropriate surface chemistry to promote cell adhesion, inadequate mechanical properties to protect cells from dynamic forces, and poor suitability for mass production. Here, we present the development of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan scaffolds as microcarriers for hNSC expansion under defined conditions in bioreactors. We demonstrate that chitosan scaffolds with a concentration of 4 wt% (4CS scaffolds) exhibit desirable microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties suited for hNSC expansion. Furthermore, they could also withstand degradation in dynamic conditions. The 4CS scaffold condition yields optimal metabolic activity, cell adhesion, and protein expression, enabling sustained hNSC expansion for up to three weeks in a dynamic culture. Our study introduces an effective microcarrier approach for prolonged expansion of hNSCs, which has the potential for mass production in a three-dimensional setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ando
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Materials Department, Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, Yasu 520-2362, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fei-Chien Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Garrudo FFF, Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira FA, Paradiso P, Colaço R, Marques AC, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Electrical stimulation of neural-differentiating iPSCs on novel coaxial electroconductive nanofibers. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5359-5382. [PMID: 34223566 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering strategies are paramount to create fully mature neurons, necessary for new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases or the creation of reliable in vitro models. Scaffolds can provide physical support for these neurons and enable cues for enhancing neural cell differentiation, such as electrical current. Coaxial electrospinning fibers, designed to fulfill neural cell needs, bring together an electroconductive shell layer (PCL-PANI), able to mediate electrical stimulation of cells cultivated on fibers mesh surface, and a soft core layer (PGS), used to finetune fiber diameter (951 ± 465 nm) and mechanical properties (1.3 ± 0.2 MPa). Those dual functional coaxial fibers are electroconductive (0.063 ± 0.029 S cm-1, stable over 21 days) and biodegradable (72% weigh loss in 12 hours upon human lipase accelerated assay). For the first time, the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on induced neural progenitor cells were studied using such fibers. The results show increase in neural maturation (upregulation of MAP2, NEF-H and SYP), up-regulation of glutamatergic marker genes (VGLUT1 - 15-fold) and voltage-sensitive channels (SCN1α - 12-fold, CACNA1C - 32-fold), and a down-regulation of GABAergic marker (GAD67 - 0.09-fold), as detected by qRT-PCR. Therefore, this study suggest a shift from an inhibitory to an excitatory neural cell profile. This work shows that the PGS/PCL-PANI coaxial fibers here developed have potential applications in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA. and Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo E S Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio A Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrizia Paradiso
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Selective Proliferation of Highly Functional Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Microgravity Culture with Stirred Microspheres. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030560. [PMID: 33806638 PMCID: PMC7998608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of adult stem-cell transplantations are limited by poor cell-retention in target organs, and a reduced potential for optimal cell differentiation compared to embryonic stem cells. However, contemporary studies have indicated heterogeneity within adult stem-cell pools, and a novel culturing technique may address these limitations by selecting those for cell proliferation which are highly functional. Here, we report the preservation of stemness in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) by using microgravity conditions combined with microspheres in a stirred suspension. The cells were bound to microspheres (100-300 μm) and cultured using a wave-stirring shaker. One-week cultures using polystyrene and collagen microspheres increased the proportions of SSEA-3(+) hASCs 4.4- and 4.3-fold (2.7- and 2.9-fold increases in their numbers), respectively, compared to normal culture conditions. These cultured hASCs expressed higher levels of pluripotent markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, MYC, and KLF), and had improved abilities for proliferation, colony formation, network formation, and multiple-mesenchymal differentiation. We believe that this novel culturing method may further enhance regenerative therapies using hASCs.
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Amores de Sousa MC, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira IAF, Diogo MM, Linhardt RJ, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC. Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibers and Fiber Alignment Enhance Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580135. [PMID: 33195141 PMCID: PMC7649414 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to generate the cells of the nervous system and, when cultured on nanofiber scaffolds, constitute a promising approach for neural tissue engineering. In this work, the impact of combining nanofiber alignment with functionalization of the electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with biological adhesion motifs on the culture of an NSC line (CGR8-NS) is evaluated. A five-rank scale for fiber density was introduced, and a 4.5 level, corresponding to 70–80% fiber density, was selected for NSC in vitro culture. Aligned nanofibers directed NSC distribution and, especially in the presence of laminin (PCL-LN) and the RGD-containing peptide GRGDSP (PCL-RGD), promoted higher cell elongation, quantified by the eccentricity and axis ratio. In situ differentiation resulted in relatively higher percentage of cells expressing Tuj1 in PCL-LN, as well as significantly longer neurite development (41.1 ± 1.0 μm) than PCL-RGD (32.0 ± 1.0 μm), pristine PCL (25.1 ± 1.2 μm), or PCL-RGD randomly oriented fibers (26.5 ± 1.4 μm), suggesting that the presence of LN enhances neuronal differentiation. This study demonstrates that aligned nanofibers, functionalized with RGD, perform as well as PCL-LN fibers in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. The presence of the full LN protein improves neuronal differentiation outcomes, which may be important for the use of this system in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Amores de Sousa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês A F Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Valinhas A, Santiago-Toledo G, Wall IB. Microcarrier expansion of c-MycER TAM -modified human olfactory mucosa cells for neural regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:329-344. [PMID: 32955111 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human olfactory mucosa cells (hOMCs) have potential as a regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury. In our earlier work, we derived PA5 cells, a polyclonal population that retains functional attributes of primary human OMCs. Microcarrier suspension culture is an alternative to planar two-dimensinal culture to produce cells in quantities that can meet the needs of clinical development. This study aimed to screen the effects of 10 microcarriers on PA5 hOMCs yield and phenotype. Studies performed in well plates led to a 2.9-fold higher cell yield on plastic compared to plastic plus microcarriers with upregulation of neural markers β-III tubulin and nestin for both conditions. Microcarrier suspension culture resulted in concentrations of 1.4 × 105 cells/ml and 4.9 × 104 cells/ml for plastic and plastic plus, respectively, after 7 days. p75NTR transcript was significantly upregulated for PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus compared to Plastic. Furthermore, coculture of PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus with a neuronal cell line (NG108-15) led to increased neurite outgrowth. This study shows successful expansion of PA5 cells using suspension culture on microcarriers, and it reveals competing effects of microcarriers on cell expansion versus functional attributes, showing that designing scalable bioprocesses should not only be driven by cell yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valinhas
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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6
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Fernandes CSM, Rodrigues AL, Alves VD, Fernandes TG, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Natural Multimerization Rules the Performance of Affinity-Based Physical Hydrogels for Stem Cell Encapsulation and Differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3081-3091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. M. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - André L. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vitor D. Alves
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Membrane bioreactor for investigation of neurodegeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Carvalho MS, Miranda CC, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Cabral JMS. Strategies for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells as aggregates in single-use Vertical-Wheel™ bioreactors. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 31534477 PMCID: PMC6744632 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since their inception, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have held much promise for pharmacological applications and cell-based therapies. However, their potential can only be realised if large numbers of cells can be produced reproducibly on-demand. While bioreactors are ideal systems for this task, due to providing agitation and control of the culture parameters, the common impeller geometries were not designed for the expansion of mammalian cells, potentially leading to sub-optimal results. Results This work reports for the first time the usage of the novel Vertical-Wheel single-use bioreactors for the expansion of hiPSCs as floating aggregates. Cultures were performed in the PBS MINI 0.1 bioreactor with 60 mL of working volume. Two different culture media were tested, mTeSR1 and mTeSR3D, in a repeated batch or fed-batch mode, respectively, as well as dextran sulfate (DS) supplementation. mTeSR3D was shown to sustain hiPSC expansion, although with lower maximum cell density than mTeSR1. Dextran sulfate supplementation led to an increase in 97 and 106% in maximum cell number when using mTeSR1 or mTeSR3D, respectively. For supplemented media, mTeSR1 + DS allowed for a higher cell density to be obtained with one less day of culture. A maximum cell density of (2.3 ± 0.2) × 106 cells∙mL− 1 and a volumetric productivity of (4.6 ± 0.3) × 105 cells∙mL− 1∙d− 1 were obtained after 5 days with mTeSR1 + DS, resulting in aggregates with an average diameter of 346 ± 11 μm. The generated hiPSCs were analysed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR and their differentiation potential was assayed, revealing the maintenance of their pluripotency after expansion. Conclusions The results here described present the Vertical-Wheel bioreactor as a promising technology for hiPSC bioprocessing. The specific characteristics of this bioreactor, namely in terms of the innovative agitation mechanism, can make it an important system in the development of hiPSC-derived products under current Good Manufacturing Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo E S Nogueira
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta S Carvalho
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C Miranda
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- 1Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,2The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Rodrigues AL, Rodrigues CAV, Gomes AR, Vieira SF, Badenes SM, Diogo MM, Cabral JM. Dissolvable Microcarriers Allow Scalable Expansion And Harvesting Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Xeno‐Free Conditions. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800461. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André L. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Ana R. Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Sara F. Vieira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Sara M. Badenes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Maria M. Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
| | - Joaquim M.S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineLisbon CampusInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049‐001 LisboaPortugal
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Morelli S, Piscioneri A, Salerno S, Chen CC, Chew CH, Giorno L, Drioli E, De Bartolo L. Microtube array membrane bioreactor promotes neuronal differentiation and orientation. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025018. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6f6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Qiu L, Lim YM, Chen AK, Reuveny S, Oh SKW, Tan EK, Zeng L. Microcarrier-Expanded Neural Progenitor Cells Can Survive, Differentiate, and Innervate Host Neurons Better When Transplanted as Aggregates. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1343-57. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x690378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an excellent cell source for transplantation therapy due to their availability and ethical acceptability. However, the traditional method of expansion and differentiation of hESCs into NPCs in monolayer cultures requires a long time, and the cell yield is low. A microcarrier (MC) platform can improve the expansion of hESCs and increase the yield of NPCs. In this study, for the first time, we transplanted microcarrier-expanded hESC-derived NPCs into the striatum of adult NOD-SCID IL2Rgc null mice, either as single cells or as cell aggregates. The recipient mice were perfused, and the in vivo survival, differentiation, and targeted innervation of the transplanted cells were assessed by immunostaining. We found that both the transplanted single NPCs and aggregate NPCs were able to survive 1 month posttransplantation, as revealed by human-specific neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and human nuclear antigen staining. Compared to the single cells, the transplanted cell aggregates showed better survival over a 3-month period. In addition, both the transplanted single NPCs and the aggregate NPCs were able to differentiate into DCX-positive immature neurons and Tuj1-positive neurons in vivo by 1 month posttransplantation. However, only the transplantation of aggregate NPCs was shown to result in mature neurons at 3 months posttransplantation. Furthermore, we found that the cell aggregates were able to send long axons to innervate their targets. Our study provides preclinical evidence that the use of MCs to expand and differentiate hESC-derived NPCs and transplantation of these cells as aggregates produce longer survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu Ming Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Allen K. Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve K. W. Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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12
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Sart S, Yan Y, Li Y, Lochner E, Zeng C, Ma T, Li Y. Crosslinking of extracellular matrix scaffolds derived from pluripotent stem cell aggregates modulates neural differentiation. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:222-232. [PMID: 26577988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At various developmental stages, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their progeny secrete a large amount of extracellular matrices (ECMs) which could interact with regulatory growth factors to modulate stem cell lineage commitment. ECMs derived from PSC can be used as unique scaffolds that provide broad signaling capacities to mediate cellular differentiation. However, the rapid degradation of ECMs can impact their applications as the scaffolds for in vitro cell expansion and in vivo transplantation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effects of crosslinking on the ECMs derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the regulatory capacity of the crosslinked ECMs on the proliferation and differentiation of reseeded ESC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). To create different biological cues, undifferentiated aggregates, spontaneous embryoid bodies, and ESC-derived NPC aggregates were decellularized. The derived ECMs were crosslinked using genipin or glutaraldehyde to enhance the scaffold stability. ESC-derived NPC aggregates were reseeded on different ECM scaffolds and differential cellular compositions of neural progenitors, neurons, and glial cells were observed. The results indicate that ESC-derived ECM scaffolds affect neural differentiation through intrinsic biological cues and biophysical properties. These scaffolds have potential for in vitro cell culture and in vivo tissue regeneration study. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Dynamic interactions of acellular extracellular matrices and stem cells are critical for lineage-specific commitment and tissue regeneration. Understanding the synergistic effects of biochemical, biological, and biophysical properties of acellular matrices would facilitate scaffold design and the functional regulation of stem cells. The present study assessed the influence of crosslinked embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular matrix on neural differentiation and revealed the synergistic interactions of various matrix properties. While embryonic stem cell-derived matrices have been assessed as tissue engineering scaffolds, the impact of crosslinking on the embryonic stem cell-derived matrices to modulate neural differentiation has not been studied. The results from this study provide novel knowledge on the interface of embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular matrix and neural aggregates. The findings reported in this manuscript are significant for stem cell differentiation toward the applications in stem cell-based drug screening, disease modeling, and cell therapies.
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Dang LTH, Feric NT, Laschinger C, Chang WY, Zhang B, Wood GA, Stanford WL, Radisic M. Inhibition of apoptosis in human induced pluripotent stem cells during expansion in a defined culture using angiopoietin-1 derived peptide QHREDGS. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7786-99. [PMID: 24930852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion molecule signaling is critical to human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) survival, self-renewal, and differentiation. Thus, hPSCs are grown as clumps of cells on feeder cell layers or poorly defined extracellular matrices such as Matrigel. We sought to define a small molecule that would initiate adhesion-based signaling to serve as a basis for a defined substrate for hPSC culture. Soluble angiopoeitin-1 (Ang-1)-derived peptide QHREDGS added to defined serum-free media increased hPSC colony cell number and size during long- and short-term culture when grown on feeder cell layers or Matrigel, i.e. on standard substrates, without affecting hPSC morphology, growth rate or the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, QHREDGS treatment decreased hPSC apoptosis during routine passaging and single-cell dissociation. Mechanistically, the interaction of QHREDGS with β1-integrins increased expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), increased expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and decreased caspase-3/7 activity. QHREDGS immobilization to polyethylene glycol hydrogels significantly increased cell adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. We propose QHREDGS as a small molecule inhibitor of hPSC apoptosis and the basis of an affordable defined substrate for hPSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan T H Dang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicole T Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Carol Laschinger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Wing Y Chang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on microcarriers. J Biotechnol 2014; 174:39-48. [PMID: 24480567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Translation of stem cell research to industrial and clinical settings mostly requires large quantities of cells, especially those involving large organs such as the liver. A scalable reactor system is desirable to ensure a reliable supply of sufficient quantities of differentiated cells. To increase the culture efficiency in bioreactor system, high surface to volume ratio needs to be achieved. We employed a microcarrier culture system for the expansion of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as well as for directed differentiation of these cells to hepatocyte-like cells. Cells in single cell suspension were attached to the bead surface in even distribution and were expanded to 1×10(6)cells/ml within 2 days of hESC culture with maintenance of the level of pluripotency markers. Directed differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells on microcarriers, both in static culture and stirred bioreactors, induced similar levels of hepatocyte-like cell differentiation as observed with cells cultured in conventional tissue culture plates. The cells expressed both immature and mature hepatocyte-lineage genes and proteins such as asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGPR-1) and albumin. Differentiated cells exhibited functional characteristics such as secretion of albumin and urea, and CYP3A4 activity could be detected. Microcarriers thus offer the potential for large-scale expansion and differentiation of hESCs induced hepatocyte-like cells in a more controllable bioreactor environment.
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dos Santos FF, Andrade PZ, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Bioreactor design for clinical-grade expansion of stem cells. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:644-54. [PMID: 23625834 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The many clinical trials currently in progress will likely lead to the widespread use of stem cell-based therapies for an extensive variety of diseases, either in autologous or allogeneic settings. With the current pace of progress, in a few years' time, the field of stem cell-based therapy should be able to respond to the market demand for safe, robust and clinically efficient stem cell-based therapeutics. Due to the limited number of stem cells that can be obtained from a single donor, one of the major challenges on the roadmap for regulatory approval of such medicinal products is the expansion of stem cells using Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliant culture systems. In fact, manufacturing costs, which include production and quality control procedures, may be the main hurdle for developing cost-effective stem cell therapies. Bioreactors provide a viable alternative to the traditional static culture systems in that bioreactors provide the required scalability, incorporate monitoring and control tools, and possess the operational flexibility to be adapted to the differing requirements imposed by various clinical applications. Bioreactor systems face a number of issues when incorporated into stem cell expansion protocols, both during development at the research level and when bioreactors are used in on-going clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the issues that must be confronted during the development of GMP-compliant bioreactors systems used to support the various clinical applications employing stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F dos Santos
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering - Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Andrade PZ, dos Santos F, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL. Stem cell bioengineering strategies to widen the therapeutic applications of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:988-1003. [PMID: 23564692 DOI: 10.1002/term.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has observed a significant increase in recent years, due to the unique features of UCB haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) for the treatment of blood-related disorders. However, the low cell numbers available per UCB unit significantly impairs the widespread use of this source for transplantation of adult patients, resulting in graft failure, delayed engraftment and delayed immune reconstitution. In order to overcome this issue, distinct approaches are now being considered in clinical trials, such as double-UCB transplantation, intrabone injection or ex vivo expansion. In this article the authors review the current state of the art, future trends and challenges on the ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs, focusing on culture parameters affecting the yield and quality of the expanded HSC grafts: novel HSC selection schemes prior to cell culture, cytokine/growth factor cocktails, the impact of biochemical factors (e.g. O2 ) or the addition of supportive cells, e.g. mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based feeder layers) were addressed. Importantly, a critical challenge in cellular therapy is still the scalability, reproducibility and control of the expansion process, in order to meet the clinical requirements for therapeutic applications. Efficient design of bioreactor systems and operation modes are now the focus of many bioengineers, integrating the increasing 'know-how' on HSC biology and physiology, while complying with the GMP standards for the production of cellular products, i.e. through the use of commercially available, highly controlled, disposable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Z Andrade
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal.,Cell2b, Advanced Therapeutics, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Francisco dos Santos
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal.,Cell2b, Advanced Therapeutics, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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Park JH, Pérez RA, Jin GZ, Choi SJ, Kim HW, Wall IB. Microcarriers designed for cell culture and tissue engineering of bone. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:172-90. [PMID: 23126371 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microspherical particulates have been an attractive form of biomaterials that find usefulness in cell delivery and tissue engineering. A variety of compositions, including bioactive ceramics, degradable polymers, and their composites, have been developed into a microsphere form and have demonstrated the potential to fill defective bone and to populate tissue cells on curved matrices. To enhance the capacity of cell delivery, the conventional solid form of spheres is engineered to have either a porous structure to hold cells or a thin shell to in-situ encapsulate cells within the structure. Microcarriers can also be a potential reservoir system of bioactive molecules that have therapeutic effects in regulating cell behaviors. Due to their specific form, advanced technologies to culture cell-loaded microcarriers are required, such as simple agitation or shaking, spinner flask, and rotating chamber system. Here, we review systematically, from material design to culture technology, the microspherical carriers used for the delivery of cells and tissue engineering, particularly of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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