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Fuß W. Previtamin D: Z-E photoisomerization via a Hula-twist conical intersection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6776-6789. [PMID: 30887977 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00500e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On photoisomerization of previtamin D - a steroid Z-triene - produced in situ by ring opening of 7-dehydrocholesterol in a cold matrix, it was found in A. M. Müller et al. [Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 505-507] that the product (tachysterol) had rotated not only its central double bond but also an adjacent single bond. This is called a Hula twist (HT) due to the alternative description, in which it is just one central CH group that rotates. It was pointed out that the results directly support the calculated molecular structure at a conical intersection, which mediates the Z-E isomerization of polyenes. With a more sophisticated technique, Saltiel et al. (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2013, 4, 716-721) confirmed this tachysterol rotamer as the main product but found two additional conformers. They believed to have seen also three previtamin D conformers, suggested to be a result of hot-ground-state reactions from the primary rotamer, and interpreted all tachysterol products to be a result of a double-bond twist (DBT), not a HT. On the basis of published circular dichroism data and consideration of other reactions, it is here shown that under these conditions hot-ground-state reactions are unimportant or even negligible and that there is practically only a single conformer of previtamin D after ring opening. All products can be easily understood on the basis of an HT-type conical intersection, which is thus further supported. Invoking a published pretwist model even rationalizes product ratios. The two twists in HT are concerted. Furthermore HT is fully consistent with the NEER principle (nonequilibration of excited rotamers) and even offers additional possibilities for conformer control.
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2
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Quantum scattering theory for collisional energy transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64207-3.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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3
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Experiments on collisional energy transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64207-3.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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Conte R, Houston PL, Bowman JM. Trajectory and Model Studies of Collisions of Highly Excited Methane with Water Using an ab Initio Potential. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12304-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Conte
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Paul L. Houston
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14852, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Houston PL, Conte R, Bowman JM. A Model For Energy Transfer in Collisions of Atoms with Highly Excited Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4695-710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Houston
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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6
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Vereecken L, Glowacki DR, Pilling MJ. Theoretical Chemical Kinetics in Tropospheric Chemistry: Methodologies and Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4063-114. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500488p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vereecken
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David R. Glowacki
- PULSE
Institute and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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7
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Houston PL, Conte R, Bowman JM. Collisional Energy Transfer in Highly Excited Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7758-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Houston
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14852, United States
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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8
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Conte R, Houston PL, Bowman JM. Classical Trajectory Study of Energy Transfer in Collisions of Highly Excited Allyl Radical with Argon. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:14028-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Conte
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson
Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Paul L. Houston
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson
Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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9
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10
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Du J, Sassin NA, Havey DK, Hsu K, Mullin AS. Full State-Resolved Energy Gain Profiles of CO2 from Collisions with Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules. II. Energy-Dependent Pyrazine (E = 32 700 and 37 900 cm–1) Relaxation. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12104-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404939s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Sassin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel K. Havey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kailin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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11
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12
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Lenzer T, Luther K. Trajectory studies on the collisional relaxation of highly excited benzenes by mono- and polyatomic colliders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Zhu Z, Marcus RA. On collisional energy transfer in recombination and dissociation reactions: A Wiener–Hopf problem and the effect of a near elastic peak. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:214106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3026605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Kosma K, Trushin SA, Fuss W, Schmid WE. Ultrafast Dynamics and Coherent Oscillations in Ethylene and Ethylene-d4 Excited at 162 nm. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7514-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kosma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - S. A. Trushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - W. E. Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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15
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Strekalov ML. An analytic description of collisional energy transfer by the SO2 and CS2 molecules in buffer gases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793107060012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Senosiain JP, Miller JA. The Reaction of n- and i-C4H5 Radicals with Acetylene. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3740-7. [PMID: 17408247 DOI: 10.1021/jp0675126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the reactions of i-C4H5 and n-C4H5 with acetylene. Both have been proposed as possible cyclization steps, forming benzene or fulvene, in rich flames burning aliphatic fuels. The relevant parts of the potential energy surface were determined from rQCISD(T) calculations extrapolated to the infinite-basis-set limit. Using this information in a Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus-based master equation, we have calculated thermal rate coefficients and product distributions for both reactions as a function of temperature and pressure. The results are cast in forms that can be used in modeling, and the implications of the results for flame chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Senosiain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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17
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Fernandez-Ramos A, Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ, Truhlar DG. Modeling the kinetics of bimolecular reactions. Chem Rev 2007; 106:4518-84. [PMID: 17091928 DOI: 10.1021/cr050205w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez-Ramos
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Kimura Y, Fukuda M, Kajimoto O, Terazima M. Study on the vibrational energy relaxation of p-nitroaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, and azulene by the transient grating method. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194516. [PMID: 17129132 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation processes of the electronic ground states of p-nitroaniline and N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline have been studied by transient grating spectroscopy with subpicosecond laser pulses. The rise time of the acoustic signal produced by the energy dissipation process of the hot ground state molecule was monitored. The acoustic signal was analyzed by an equation including the acoustic damping. The solvent temperature rise times in various solvents have been determined. The acoustic signals of azulene in previous papers [Y. Kimura et al., J. Chem. Phys. 123, 054512 (2005); 123, 054513 (2005)] were also reanalyzed using this equation. The temperature rise times in all cases are longer than the vibrational energy relaxation times of the solutes determined by the transient absorption measurements. The difference is discussed in terms of the energy transfer pathways from the solute to the solvent. We concluded that both the hydrogen bonding between the solute and the solvent and the lower frequency modes of the solutes play important roles in determining the energy transfer pathway from the solute to the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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19
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Dependence of the average energy transferred per collision of highly vibrationally excited polyatomic molecules on the excitation energy. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Weston RE, Barker JR. On Modeling the Pressure-dependent Photoisomerization of trans-Stilbene by Including Slow Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Redistribution. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7888-97. [PMID: 16789777 DOI: 10.1021/jp061630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data for the photoisomerization of trans-stilbene (S(1)) in thermal bath gases at pressures up to 20 bar obtained previously by Meyer, Schroeder, and Troe (J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 10528-10539) are modeled by using a full collisional-reaction master equation that includes non-RRKM (Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus) effects due to slow intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). The slow IVR effects are modeled by incorporating the theoretical results obtained recently by Leitner et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 10706-10716), who used the local random matrix theory. The present results show that the experimental rate constants of Meyer et al. are described to within about a factor of 2 over much of the experimental pressure range. However, a number of assumptions and areas of disagreement will require further investigation. These include a discrepancy between the calculated and experimental thermal rate constants near zero pressure, a leveling off of the experimental rate constants that is not predicted by theory and which depends on the identity of the collider gas, the need to use rate constants for collision-induced IVR that are larger than the estimated total collision rate constants, and the choice of barrier-crossing frequency. Despite these unsettled issues, the theory of Leitner et al. shows great promise for accounting for possible non-RRKM effects in an important class of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Weston
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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21
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Nilsson D, Nordholm S. Statistical Theory of Collisional Energy Transfer in Molecular Collisions. trans-Stilbene Deactivation by Argon, Carbon Dioxide, and n-Heptane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3289-96. [PMID: 16509655 DOI: 10.1021/jp055144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental techniques have made it possible to measure the full conditional probability density P(E, E') of the energy transfer between two colliding molecules in the gas phase, one of which is highly energized and the other in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature. Data have now become available for trans-stilbene deactivation by the three bath gas molecules Ar, CO2, and n-heptane (C7H16). The initial energies of trans-stilbene are set to 10 000, 20 000, 30 000, and 40 000 cm (-1). The results show that exceptionally large amounts of energy are transferred in each collision. By application of our partially ergodic collision theory (PECT), we find that the energy transfer efficiency betaE ranges from a rather normal value of 0.15 for n-heptane at the highest excitation energy to 0.93-nearly in the ergodic collision limit-for the argon bath gas at high excitation energy. Generally, the PECT produces a good fit of the data except for the nearly elastic peak in the case of n-heptane, where PECT produces a rounded and downshifted peak in contrast to a sharply defined elastic maximum of the monoexponential functional fit produced from the original experimental data obtained by kinetically controlled selective ionization in the work of the group of Luther in Göttingen. This problem is analyzed and found to be related partly to the lack of treatment of glancing collisions in the theory with a remaining uncertainty due to the weak dependence of energy transfer efficiency on nearly elastic collisions. A summary of the present state of understanding shows that collisional activation and deactivation of reactant molecules is more efficient and more statistical than has been previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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22
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Kimura Y, Yamamoto Y, Terazima M. Vibrational energy relaxation of azulene studied by the transient grating method. II. Liquid solvents. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054513. [PMID: 16108675 DOI: 10.1063/1.1994848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation process of the ground-state azulene in various liquids has been studied by the transient grating spectroscopy. The acoustic signal produced by the temperature rise of the solvent due to the vibrational energy relaxation of azulene was monitored. The temperature rise-time constant of the solvent has been determined both by the fitting of the acoustic signal to a theoretical model equation and by the analysis of the acoustic peak shift. We found that the temperature rise-time constants determined by the transient grating method in various solvents are larger than the vibrational energy relaxation time constants determined by the transient absorption measurement [D. Schwarzer, J. Troe, M. Votsmeier, and M. Zerezke, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3121 (1996)]. The difference is explained by different energy dissipation pathways from azulene to solvent; vibrational-vibrational (V-V) energy transfer and vibrational-translational (V-T) energy transfer. The contribution of the V-V energy transfer is estimated in various liquid solvents from the difference between the temperature rise time and vibrational energy relaxation time, and the solvent V-T relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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23
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Kimura Y, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara H, Terazima M. Vibrational energy relaxation of azulene studied by the transient grating method. I. Supercritical fluids. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054512. [PMID: 16108674 DOI: 10.1063/1.1994847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation process of the ground-state azulene in supercritical xenon, carbon dioxide, and ethane has been studied by the transient grating spectroscopy. In this method, azulene in these fluids was photoexcited by two counterpropagating subpicosecond laser pulses at 570 nm, which created a sinusoidal pattern of vibrationally hot ground-state azulene inside the fluids. The photoacoustic signal produced by the temperature rise of the solvent due to the vibrational energy relaxation of azulene was monitored by the diffraction of a probe pulse. The temperature-rise time constants of the solvents were determined at 383 and 298 K from 0.7 to 2.4 in rho(r), where rho(r) is the reduced density by the critical density of the fluids, by the fitting of the acoustic signal based on a theoretical model equation. In xenon, the temperature-rise time constant was almost similar to the vibrational energy-relaxation time constant of the photoexcited solute determined by the transient absorption measurement [D. Schwarzer, J. Troe, M. Votsmeier, and M. Zerezke, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3121 (1996)] at the same reduced density irrespective of the solvent temperature. On the other hand, the temperature-rise time constants in ethane were larger than the vibrational energy-relaxation time constants by a factor of about 2. In carbon dioxide, the difference was small. From these results, the larger time constants of the solvent temperature rise than those of the vibrational energy relaxation in ethane and carbon dioxide were interpreted in terms of the vibrational-vibrational (V-V) energy transfer between azulene and solvent molecules and the vibrational-translational (V-T) energy transfer between solvent molecules. The contribution of the V-V energy transfer process against the V-T energy transfer process has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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24
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Bellm SM, Lawrance WD. Recoil energy distributions for dissociation of the van der Waals molecule p-difluorobenzene–Ar with 450–3000cm−1 excess energy. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:104305. [PMID: 15836313 DOI: 10.1063/1.1858434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Velocity map imaging has been used to measure the distributions of translational energy released in the dissociation of p-difluorobenzene-Ar van der Waals complexes from the 5(1), 3(1), 5(2), 3(1)5(1), 5(3), 3(2), and 3(2)5(1) states. These states span 818-3317 cm(-1) of vibrational energy and correspond to a range of energies above dissociation of 451-2950 cm(-1). The translational energy release (recoil energy) distributions are remarkably similar, peaking at very low energy (10-20 cm(-1)) and decaying in an exponential fashion to approach zero near 300 cm(-1). The average translational energy released is small, shows no dependence on the initial vibrational energy, and spans the range 58-72 cm(-1) for the vibrational levels probed. The average value for the seven levels studied is 63 cm(-1). The low fraction of transfer to translation is qualitatively in accord with Ewing's momentum gap model [G. E. Ewing, Faraday Discuss. 73, 325 (1982)]. No evidence is found in the distributions for a high energy tail, although it is likely that the experiment is not sufficiently sensitive to detect a low fraction of transfer at high translational energies. The average translational energy released is lower than has been seen in comparable systems dissociating from triplet and cation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bellm
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Kimura Y, Abe D, Terazima M. Vibrational energy relaxation of naphthalene in the S(1) state in various gases. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:5794-800. [PMID: 15367005 DOI: 10.1063/1.1786925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of naphthalene in the S(1) state have been measured in various gases below 10(2) kPa. The band shape of the fluorescence changed in an earlier time region after the photoexcitation when an excess energy (3300 cm(-1)) above the 0-0 transition energy was given. The excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence band shape of an isolated naphthalene molecule was measured separately, and the time dependence of the fluorescence band shape in gases was found to be due to the vibrational energy relaxation in the S(1) state. We have succeeded in determining the transient excess vibrational energy by comparing the time-resolved fluorescence band shape with the excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence band shape. The excess vibrational energy decayed almost exponentially. From the slope of the decay rate against the buffer gas pressure, we have determined the collisional decay rate of the excess vibrational energy in various gases. The dependence of the vibrational energy relaxation rate on the buffer gas species was similar to the case of azulene. The comparisons with the results in the low temperature argon and the energy relaxation rate in the S(0) state in nitrogen were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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26
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Troe J, Viggiano AA, Williams S. The Reaction of O2+ + C8H10 (Ethylbenzene) as a Function of Pressure and Temperature. 2. Analysis of Collisional Energy Transfer of Highly Excited C8H10+. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031122r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Troe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - A. A. Viggiano
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - S. Williams
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
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27
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Hold U, Lenzer T, Luther K, Symonds AC. Collisional energy transfer probabilities of highly excited molecules from KCSI. III. Azulene: P(E′,E) and moments of energy transfer for energies up to 40 000 cm−1 via self-calibrating experiments. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1622382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ. The Recombination of Propargyl Radicals and Other Reactions on a C6H6 Potential. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Miller
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
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29
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Barker JR, Lohr LL, Shroll RM, Reading S. Modeling the Organic Nitrate Yields in the Reaction of Alkyl Peroxy Radicals with Nitric Oxide. 2. Reaction Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Barker
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Lawrence L. Lohr
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Robert M. Shroll
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Susan Reading
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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30
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Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ, Raffy C. Solution of Some One- and Two-Dimensional Master Equation Models for Thermal Dissociation: The Dissociation of Methane in the Low-Pressure Limit. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0144698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Miller
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
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31
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He Y, Pollak E. Theory of fluorescence decay of naphthalene: Was photoinduced cooling observed experimentally? J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1458249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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32
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Stone TA, Parmenter CS. Absolute Rate Constants for Collisional Vibrational Relaxation in Dense Vibrational Regions of S1 p-Difluorobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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33
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Goos E, Hippler H, Kachiani C, Svedung H. Collisional energy transfer in CH3radical decomposition—experiment versus theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b110267m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fuss W, Pushpa KK, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Ultrafast [2 + 2]-cycloaddition in norbornadiene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:60-6. [PMID: 12659150 DOI: 10.1039/b107442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excitation of norbornadiene (bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene) at 200 nm populates two states in parallel, the second pi(pi*) state and a Rydberg state. We monitored both populations by transient nonresonant ionization. From the pi(pi*) state the molecule relaxes in consecutive steps with time constants 5, 31 and 55 fs down to the ground-state surface, whereas the Rydberg population merges to the other path on the pi(pi*) surface within 420 fs. The relaxation steps are discussed in terms of conical intersections (CoIns) between different surfaces Information on them is inferred from known spectroscopy and, for the last CoIn, from published calculations on Dewar benzene-->prismane conversion and on ethylene photodimerization for which norbornadiene with its two nonconjugated double bonds is a model. The calculation predicts symmetry breaking for this CoIn, the two ethylenes forming a rhombus Although this distortion is hindered in norbornadiene by ring strain, this CoIn seems easily accessible as indicated by the short time (<55 fs) found for passing through it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741, Garching, Germany
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35
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36
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Knyazev VD, Slagle IR. Kinetics of the Reactions of Allyl and Propargyl Radicals with CH3. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Knyazev
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20064
| | - Irene R. Slagle
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20064
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37
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Barker JR, Yoder LM, King KD. Vibrational Energy Transfer Modeling of Nonequilibrium Polyatomic Reaction Systems. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Barker
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
| | - Laurie M. Yoder
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
| | - Keith D. King
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
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38
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Knyazev VD, Tsang W. Chemically and Thermally Activated Decomposition of Secondary Butyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001921z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Knyazev
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Wing Tsang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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39
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Yamaguchi T, Kimura Y, Hirota N. Vibrational energy relaxation of azulene in the S2 state. I. Solvent species dependence. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1305822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Wright SMA, Sims IR, Smith IWM. Vibrational Relaxation of Highly Excited Toluene in Collisions with He, Ar, and N2 at Temperatures down to 38 K. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0014216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. A. Wright
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Ian R. Sims
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Ian W. M. Smith
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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41
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Wu F, Weisman RB. Monte Carlo analysis of T1 pyrazine collisional vibrational relaxation: Evidence for supercollisions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Lenzer T, Luther K, Reihs K, Symonds AC. Collisional energy transfer probabilities of highly excited molecules from kinetically controlled selective ionization (KCSI). II. The collisional relaxation of toluene: P(E′,E) and moments of energy transfer for energies up to 50 000 cm−1. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Hold U, Lenzer T, Luther K, Reihs K, Symonds AC. Collisional energy transfer probabilities of highly excited molecules from kinetically controlled selective ionization (KCSI). I. The KCSI technique: Experimental approach for the determination of P(E′,E) in the quasicontinuous energy range. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Okazaki T, Hirota N, Nagata T, Osuka A, Terazima M. Spatially Resolved Thermalization Dynamics of Electronically Photoexcited Azulene Probed by a Molecular Integrated Thermometer. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991000s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noboru Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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45
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Wall MC, Lemoff AE, Mullin AS. Unraveling the energy dependence in large ΔE (V→RT) energy transfer: Separation of ΔE and probability in the collisional relaxation of highly vibrationally excited pyrazine (Evib=36 000 to 41 000 cm−1) by CO2. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Okazaki T, Hirota N, Nagata T, Osuka A, Terazima M. High Temporally and Spatially Resolved Thermal Energy Detection after Nonradiative Transition in Solution Using a Molecular Heater−Molecular Thermometer Integrated System. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990331f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noboru Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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47
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Elioff MS, Wall MC, Lemoff AS, Mullin AS. Observation of an energy threshold for large ΔE collisional relaxation of highly vibrationally excited pyrazine (Evib=31 000–41 000 cm−1) by CO2. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Wu F, Weisman RB. Efficient collisional vibrational relaxation of triplet state molecules: Pyrazine deuteration and methylation effects. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Abel B, Lange N, Reiche F, Troe J. State-resolved collisional energy transfer in highly excited NO2. II. Vibrational energy transfer in the presence of strong chemical interaction. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Wall MC, Lemoff AS, Mullin AS. Independent Determination of Supercollision Energy Loss Magnitudes and Rates in Highly Vibrationally Excited Pyrazine with Evib = 36000−41000 cm-1. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9819801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Andrew S. Lemoff
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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