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Iijima D, Sugama H, Takahashi Y, Hirai M, Togashi Y, Xie J, Shen J, Ke Y, Akatsuka H, Kawaguchi T, Takedomi K, Kashima A, Nishio M, Inui Y, Yoneda H, Xia G, Iijima T. Discovery of SPH3127: A Novel, Highly Potent, and Orally Active Direct Renin Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10882-10897. [PMID: 35939295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which regulates blood pressure and renal function and hence is an attractive target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular/renal diseases. However, the development of direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) with favorable oral bioavailability has been a longstanding challenge for many years. This problem was thought to be because most of the reported DRIs were peptide-like structures or nonpeptide-like structures with a molecular weight (MW) of > 600. Therefore, we tried to find nonpeptidomimetic DRIs with a MW of < 500 and discovered the promising 2-carbamoyl morpholine derivative 4. In our efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of 4 without a significant increase in the MW, we discovered compound 18 (SPH3127), which demonstrated higher bioavailability and a more potent antihypertensive effect in preclinical models than aliskiren and has completed a phase II clinical trial for essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Iijima
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugama
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takahashi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Hirai
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Togashi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Jianshu Xie
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 5, No. 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 5, No. 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ying Ke
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 5, No. 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hidenori Akatsuka
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawaguchi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Takedomi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Kashima
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishio
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inui
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yoneda
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Guangxin Xia
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 5, No. 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Toru Iijima
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan.,Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nielsen RB, Holm R, Pijpers I, Snoeys J, Nielsen UG, Nielsen CU. Oral etoposide and zosuquidar bioavailability in rats: Effect of co-administration and in vitro-in vivo correlation of P-glycoprotein inhibition. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100089. [PMID: 34977557 PMCID: PMC8683663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein inhibitors, like zosuquidar, have widely been used to study the role of P-glycoprotein in oral absorption. Still, systematic studies on the inhibitor dose-response relationship on intestinal drug permeation are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 0.79 nM-2.5 μM zosuquidar on etoposide permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. We also investigated etoposide pharmacokinetics after oral or IV administration to Sprague Dawley rats with co-administration of 0.063–63 mg/kg zosuquidar, as well as the pharmacokinetics of zosuquidar itself. Oral zosuquidar bioavailability was 2.6–4.2%, while oral etoposide bioavailability was 5.5 ± 0.9%, which increased with increasing zosuquidar doses to 35 ± 5%. The intestinal zosuquidar concentration required to induce a half-maximal increase in bioavailability was estimated to 180 μM. In contrast, the IC50 of zosuquidar on etoposide permeability in vitro was only 5–10 nM, and a substantial in vitro-in vivo discrepancy of at least four orders of magnitude was thereby identified. Overall, the present study provides valuable insights for future formulation development that applies fixed dose combinations of P-glycoprotein inhibitors to increase the absorption of poorly permeable P-glycoprotein substrate drugs.
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Robles NR, Fici F, Valladares J, Grassi G. Antiretroviral Treatment and Antihypertensive Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4116-4124. [PMID: 34784859 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210810090805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of hypertension among the population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a new threat to the health and well-being of people living with this disease, in particular, among those who received antiretroviral therapy. The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure in HIV-infected patients is significantly higher than the rate observed in HIV-uninfected subjects. The approach to the HIV-positive patient requires the assessment of individual cardiovascular risk and its consideration when designing the individualized target. On the other hand, the numerous pharmacological interactions of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are essential elements to take into account. Serum levels of any kind of antihypertensive drugs may be influenced by the coadministration of protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or other antiretroviral. Similarly, plasma concentrations of antiretroviral drugs can be increased by the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers or diuretics. In this regard, the treatment of high blood pressure in HIV patients should be preferentially based on ACE inhibitors or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás R Robles
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francesco Fici
- Cardiovascular Risk Chair, University of Salamanca School of Medicine, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julian Valladares
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Universita Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Spain
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Predicting the Changes in Oral Absorption of Weak Base Drugs Under Elevated Gastric pH Using an In Vitro–In Silico–In Vivo Approach: Case Examples—Dipyridamole, Prasugrel, and Nelfinavir. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:584-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Karibe T, Imaoka T, Abe K, Ando O. Curcumin as an In Vivo Selective Intestinal Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:667-679. [PMID: 29358184 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To estimate the clinical impact of pharmacokinetic modulation via breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in vivo approaches in nonclinical settings are desired in drug development. Clinical observation has identified curcumin as a promising candidate for in vivo selective BCRP inhibition, in addition to several well known inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pantoprazole. This study aimed to confirm the inhibitory efficacy of curcumin on gastrointestinal BCRP function in cynomolgus monkeys and to perform comparisons with lapatinib and pantoprazole. Oral area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and bioavailability of well known BCRP (sulfasalazine and rosuvastatin), P-glycoprotein (fexofenadine, aliskiren, and talinolol), and CYP3A (midazolam) substrates were investigated in the presence and absence of inhibitors. Oral exposures of sulfasalazine and rosuvastatin were markedly elevated by curcumin with minimal changes in systemic clearance, whereas pharmacokinetic alterations after fexofenadine, aliskiren, and talinolol oral exposure were limited. Curcumin increased oral midazolam exposure without affecting systemic clearance, presumably owing to partial inhibition of intestinal CYP3A. Lapatinib increased the oral AUC for sulfasalazine to a greater extent than curcumin did, whereas pantoprazole had a smaller effect. However, lapatinib also exerted significant effects on fexofenadine, failed to selectively discriminate between BCRP and P-glycoprotein inhibition, and had an effect on oral midazolam exposure comparable with that of curcumin. Thus, pharmacokinetic evaluation in monkeys demonstrated that pretreatment with curcumin as an in vivo selective BCRP inhibitor was more appropriate than pretreatment with lapatinib and pantoprazole for the assessment of the impact of BCRP on gastrointestinal absorption in nonrodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Karibe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ando
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Lee SC, Arya V, Yang X, Volpe DA, Zhang L. Evaluation of transporters in drug development: Current status and contemporary issues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116:100-118. [PMID: 28760687 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transporters govern the access of molecules to cells or their exit from cells, thereby controlling the overall distribution of drugs to their intracellular site of action. Clinically relevant drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are of increasing interest in drug development. Drug transporters, acting alone or in concert with drug metabolizing enzymes, can play an important role in modulating drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, thus affecting the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of a drug. The drug interaction guidance documents from regulatory agencies include various decision criteria that may be used to predict the need for in vivo assessment of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. Regulatory science research continues to assess the prediction performances of various criteria as well as to examine the strength and limitations of each prediction criterion to foster discussions related to harmonized decision criteria that may be used to facilitate global drug development. This review discusses the role of transporters in drug development with a focus on methodologies in assessing transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, challenges in both in vitro and in vivo assessments of transporters, and emerging transporter research areas including biomarkers, assessment of tissue concentrations, and effect of diseases on transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Chih Lee
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vikram Arya
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Donna A Volpe
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Nicolas JM, Bouzom F, Hugues C, Ungell AL. Oral drug absorption in pediatrics: the intestinal wall, its developmental changes and current tools for predictions. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:209-230. [PMID: 27976409 PMCID: PMC5516238 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dissolution, intestinal absorption and presystemic metabolism of a drug depend on its physicochemical characteristics but also on numerous physiological (e.g. gastrointestinal pH, volume, transit time, morphology) and biochemical factors (e.g. luminal enzymes and flora, intestinal wall enzymes and transporters). Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated indicating that these factors may differ in children and adults resulting in age-related changes in drug exposure and drug response. Thus, drug dosage may require adjustment for the pediatric population to ensure the desired therapeutic outcome and to avoid side-effects. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the effects of age on intestinal physiology and function, significant knowledge gaps remain. Studying and predicting pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients remains challenging due to ethical concerns associated with clinical trials in this vulnerable population, and because of the paucity of predictive in vitro and in vivo animal assays. This review details the current knowledge related to developmental changes determining intestinal drug absorption and pre-systemic metabolism. Supporting experimental approaches as well as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling are also discussed together with their limitations and challenges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Nicolas
- Non-Clinical Development Department, UCB Biopharma sprl, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - François Bouzom
- Non-Clinical Development Department, UCB Biopharma sprl, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Chanteux Hugues
- Non-Clinical Development Department, UCB Biopharma sprl, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Anna-Lena Ungell
- Non-Clinical Development Department, UCB Biopharma sprl, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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Takahashi T, Ohtsuka T, Uno Y, Utoh M, Yamazaki H, Kume T. Pre-incubation with cyclosporine A potentiates its inhibitory effects on pitavastatin uptake mediated by recombinantly expressed cynomolgus monkey hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:479-490. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd; Kainan Wakayama Japan
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd; Kainan Wakayama Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kume
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation; Toda Saitama Japan
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Chiu KW, Nakano T, Chen KD, Hsu LW, Lai CY, Huang CY, Cheng YF, Goto S, Chen CL. Cytochrome P450 in living donor liver transplantation. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:32. [PMID: 25975271 PMCID: PMC4432787 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 metabolizes many drugs in the liver. Three genotypes of CYP2C19 with extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizing activity, respectively, have been identified in peripheral blood of transplant recipients and new liver grafts in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The expression of the final genotype in liver graft biopsies depends on the donor, whereas the expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells depends on the recipient. The metabolizing isoenzyme of the major anti-rejection agents passes through CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1, which have also been identified to have similar biological characteristics as genotype of CYP2C19 in liver tissue. Recently, pyrosequencing has been used to investigate the expressions of different genotypes in liver grafts in LDLT. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the biological expressions of the CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MRD1 genotypes in liver grafts before and after LDLT. The application of pyrosequencing may be beneficial in further research on liver transplantation. Laser capture microdissection of hepatocytes in liver grafts may be a direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Wah Chiu
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yin Huang
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver transplantation program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
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