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Abadie RB, Staples AA, Lauck LV, Dautel AD, Spillers NJ, Klapper RJ, Hirsch JD, Varrassi G, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. Vitamin A-Mediated Birth Defects: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50513. [PMID: 38226115 PMCID: PMC10788247 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or excess in expectant mothers can result in fetal abnormalities such as night blindness, bone anomalies, or epithelial cell problems. In contrast, excessive vitamin A in pregnancy can precipitate fetal central nervous system deformities. During pregnancy, a pregnant woman should monitor her vitamin A intake ensuring she gets the recommended dosage, but also ensuring she doesn't exceed the recommended dosage, because either one can result in teratogenicity in the fetus. The widespread and unregulated use of multivitamins and supplements makes consuming doses greater than the recommended quantity more common in developed countries. While vitamin A excess is more common in developed countries, deficiency is most prevalent in developing countries. With proper maintenance, regulation, and education about VAD and excess, a pregnant mother can diminish potential harm to her fetus and potential teratogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raegan B Abadie
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Abigail A Staples
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Lillian V Lauck
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alexandra D Dautel
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Noah J Spillers
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Rachel J Klapper
- Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jon D Hirsch
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | | | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Iwata J. MicroRNAs and Gene Regulatory Networks Related to Cleft Lip and Palate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043552. [PMID: 36834963 PMCID: PMC9958963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital birth defects and has a complex etiology. Either genetic or environmental factors, or both, are involved at various degrees, and the type and severity of clefts vary. One of the longstanding questions is how environmental factors lead to craniofacial developmental anomalies. Recent studies highlight non-coding RNAs as potential epigenetic regulators in cleft lip and palate. In this review, we will discuss microRNAs, a type of small non-coding RNAs that can simultaneously regulate expression of many downstream target genes, as a causative mechanism of cleft lip and palate in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-486-2641; Fax: +1-713-486-4416
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