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Fajardo VM, Feng I, Chen BY, Perez-Ramirez CA, Shi B, Clark P, Tian R, Lien CL, Pellegrini M, Christofk H, Nakano H, Nakano A. GLUT1 overexpression enhances glucose metabolism and promotes neonatal heart regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8669. [PMID: 33883682 PMCID: PMC8060418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart switches its main metabolic substrate from glucose to fatty acids shortly after birth. This metabolic switch coincides with the loss of regenerative capacity in the heart. However, it is unknown whether glucose metabolism regulates heart regeneration. Here, we report that glucose metabolism is a determinant of regenerative capacity in the neonatal mammalian heart. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Glut1, the embryonic form of constitutively active glucose transporter, resulted in an increase in glucose uptake and concomitant accumulation of glycogen storage in postnatal heart. Upon cryoinjury, Glut1 transgenic hearts showed higher regenerative capacity with less fibrosis than non-transgenic control hearts. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis revealed two distinct populations of ventricular cardiomyocytes: Tnnt2-high and Tnnt2-low cardiomyocytes, the latter of which showed significantly higher mitotic activity in response to high intracellular glucose in Glut1 transgenic hearts. Metabolic profiling shows that Glut1-transgenic hearts have a significant increase in the glucose metabolites including nucleotides upon injury. Inhibition of the nucleotide biosynthesis abrogated the regenerative advantage of high intra-cardiomyocyte glucose level, suggesting that the glucose enhances the cardiomyocyte regeneration through the supply of nucleotides. Our data suggest that the increase in glucose metabolism promotes cardiac regeneration in neonatal mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana M Fajardo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iris Feng
- Department of Molecular, Cell, Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bao Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cesar A Perez-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baochen Shi
- Department of Molecular, Cell, Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Martí J, Santa-Cruz MC, Serra R, Hervás JP. Hydroxyurea Treatment and Development of the Rat Cerebellum: Effects on the Neurogenetic Profiles and Settled Patterns of Purkinje Cells and Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Neurons. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:563-580. [PMID: 27401826 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current paper analyzes the development of the male and female rat cerebellum exposed to hydroxyurea (HU) (300 or 600 mg/kg) as embryo and collected at postnatal day 90. Our study reveals that the administration of this drug compromises neither the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex nor deep nuclei (DCN). However, in comparison with the saline group, we observed that several cerebellar parameters were lower in the HU injected groups. These parameters included area of the cerebellum, cerebellar cortex length, molecular layer area, Purkinje cell number, granule cell counts, internal granular layer, white matter and cerebellar nuclei areas, and number of deep cerebellar nuclei neurons. These features were larger in the rats injected with saline, smaller in those exposed to 300 mg/kg of HU and smallest in the group receiving 600 mg/kg of this agent. No sex differences in the effect of the HU were observed. In addition, we infer the neurogenetic timetables and the neurogenetic gradients of PCs and DCN neurons in rats exposed to either saline or HU as embryos. For this purpose, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was injected into pregnant rats previously administered with saline or HU. This thymidine analog was administered following a progressively delayed cumulative labeling method. The data presented here show that systematic differences exist in the pattern of neurogenesis and in the spatial location of cerebellar neurons between rats injected with saline or HU. No sex differences in the effect of the HU were observed. These findings have implications for the administration of this compound to women in gestation as the effects of HU on the development of the cerebellum might persist throughout their offsprings' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Martí
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M C Santa-Cruz
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Serra
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José P Hervás
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Guan Z, Wang X, Dong Y, Xu L, Zhu Z, Wang J, Zhang T, Niu B. dNTP deficiency induced by HU via inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase affects neural tube development. Toxicology 2014; 328:142-51. [PMID: 25527867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxic chemicals in utero during the neural tube development period can cause developmental disorders. To evaluate the disruption of neural tube development programming, the murine neural tube defects (NTDs) model was induced by interrupting folate metabolism using methotrexate in our previous study. The present study aimed to examine the effects of dNTP deficiency induced by hydroxyurea (HU), a specific ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor, during murine neural tube development. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of HU on gestation day (GD) 7.5, and the embryos were checked on GD 11.5. RNR activity and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels were measured in the optimal dose. Additionally, DNA damage was examined by comet analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cellular behaviors in NTDs embryos were evaluated with phosphorylation of histone H3 (PH-3) and caspase-3 using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results showed that NTDs were observed mostly with HU treatment at an optimal dose of 225 mg/kg b/w. RNR activity was inhibited and dNTP levels were decreased in HU-treated embryos with NTDs. Additionally, increased DNA damage, decreased proliferation, and increased caspase-3 were significant in NTDs embryos compared to the controls. Results indicated that HU induced murine NTDs model by disturbing dNTP metabolism and further led to the abnormal cell balance between proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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