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Epigenetics in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:211-239. [PMID: 37019593 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, alcohol abuse and its detrimental effects on developing offspring are major public health, economic and social challenges. The prominent characteristic attributes of alcohol (ethanol) abuse during pregnancy in humans are neurobehavioral impairments in offspring due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS), causing structural and behavioral impairments that are together named fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Development-specific alcohol exposure paradigms were established to recapitulate the human FASD phenotypes and establish the underlying mechanisms. These animal studies have offered some critical molecular and cellular underpinnings likely to account for the neurobehavioral impairments associated with prenatal ethanol exposure. Although the pathogenesis of FASD remains unclear, emerging literature proposes that the various genomic and epigenetic components that cause the imbalance in gene expression can significantly contribute to the development of this disease. These studies acknowledged numerous immediate and enduring epigenetic modifications, such as methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins, and regulatory networks related to RNA, using many molecular approaches. Methylated DNA profiles, PTMs of histone proteins, and RNA-regulated expression of genes are essential for synaptic and cognitive behavior. Thus, offering a solution to many neuronal and behavioral impairments reported in FASD. In the current chapter, we review the recent advances in different epigenetic modifications that cause the pathogenesis of FASD. The information discussed can help better explain the pathogenesis of FASD and thereby might provide a basis for finding novel therapeutic targets and innovative treatment strategies.
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Pinson MR, Chung DD, Mahnke AH, Salem NA, Osorio D, Nair V, Payne EA, Del Real JJ, Cai JJ, Miranda RC. Gag-like proteins: Novel mediators of prenatal alcohol exposure in neural development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:556-569. [PMID: 35187673 PMCID: PMC9018584 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background We previously showed that ethanol did not kill fetal neural stem cells (NSCs), but that their numbers nevertheless are decreased due to aberrant maturation and loss of self‐renewal. To identify mechanisms that mediate this loss of NSCs, we focused on a family of Gag‐like proteins (GLPs), derived from retroviral gene remnants within mammalian genomes. GLPs are important for fetal development, though their role in brain development is virtually unexplored. Moreover, GLPs may be transferred between cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and thereby transfer environmental adaptations between cells. We hypothesized that GLPs may mediate some effects of ethanol in NSCs. Methods Sex‐segregated male and female fetal murine cortical NSCs, cultured ex vivo as nonadherent neurospheres, were exposed to a dose range of ethanol and to mitogen‐withdrawal‐induced differentiation. We used siRNAs to assess the effects of NSC‐expressed GLP knockdown on growth, survival, and maturation and in silico GLP knockout, in an in vivo single‐cell RNA‐sequencing dataset, to identify GLP‐mediated developmental pathways that were also ethanol‐sensitive. Results PEG10 isoform‐1, isoform‐2, and PNMA2 were identified as dominant GLP species in both NSCs and their EVs. Ethanol‐exposed NSCs exhibited significantly elevated PEG10 isoform‐2 and PNMA2 protein during differentiation. Both PEG10 and PNMA2 were mediated apoptosis resistance and additionally, PEG10 promoted neuronal and astrocyte lineage maturation. Neither GLP influenced metabolism nor cell cycle in NSCs. Virtual PEG10 and PNMA2 knockout identified gene transcription regulation and ubiquitin‐ligation processes as candidate mediators of GLP‐linked prenatal alcohol effects. Conclusions Collectively, GLPs present in NSCs and their EVs may confer apoptosis resistance within the NSC niche and contribute to the abnormal maturation induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Pinson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Dae D Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vijay Nair
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Payne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan J Del Real
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Center for Statistical Bioinformatics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Lussier AA, Bodnar TS, Weinberg J. Intersection of Epigenetic and Immune Alterations: Implications for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:788630. [PMID: 34924946 PMCID: PMC8680672 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.788630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure can impact virtually all body systems, resulting in a host of structural, neurocognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. Among the adverse impacts associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are alterations in immune function, including an increased incidence of infections and alterations in immune/neuroimmune parameters that last throughout the life-course. Epigenetic patterns are also highly sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure, with widespread alcohol-related alterations to epigenetic profiles, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression. Importantly, epigenetic programs are crucial for immune system development, impacting key processes such as immune cell fate, differentiation, and activation. In addition to their role in development, epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as attractive candidates for the biological embedding of environmental factors on immune function and as mediators between early-life exposures and long-term health. Here, following an overview of the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on immune function and epigenetic patterns, we discuss the potential role for epigenetic mechanisms in reprogramming of immune function and the consequences for health and development. We highlight a range of both clinical and animal studies to provide insights into the array of immune genes impacted by alcohol-related epigenetic reprogramming. Finally, we discuss potential consequences of alcohol-related reprogramming of immune/neuroimmune functions and their effects on the increased susceptibility to mental health disorders. Overall, the collective findings from animal models and clinical studies highlight a compelling relationship between the immune system and epigenetic pathways. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the long-term and multisystem effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, laying the groundwork for possible novel interventions and therapeutic strategies to treat individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Lussier
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hicks SD, Miller MW. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in neural stem cells is transforming growth factor β1-dependent. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:214-225. [PMID: 30853389 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Following neurotoxic damage, cells repair their DNA, and survive or undergo apoptosis. This study tests the hypothesis that ethanol induces a DNA damage response (DDR) in neural stem cells (NSCs) that promotes excision repair (ER) and this repair is influenced by the growth factor environment. Non-immortalized NSCs treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 or transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 were exposed to ethanol. Ethanol increased total DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oxidized DNA bases. TGFβ1 potentiated these toxic effects. Transcriptional analyses of cultured NSCs revealed ethanol-induced increases in transcripts related to the DDR (e.g., Hus1 and p53), base ER (e.g., Mutyh and Nthl1), and nucleotide ER (e.g., Xpc), particularly in the presence of TGFβ1. Expression and activity of ER proteins were affected by ethanol. Similar changes occurred in proliferating cells of ethanol-treated mouse fetuses. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in NSCs depends on the ambient growth factors. Gene products for DNA repair in stem cells are among the first biomarkers identifying fetal alcohol-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hicks
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Anatomy, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Petrelli B, Bendelac L, Hicks GG, Fainsod A. Insights into retinoic acid deficiency and the induction of craniofacial malformations and microcephaly in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Genesis 2019; 57:e23278. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berardino Petrelli
- Regenerative Medicine Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Liat Bendelac
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
| | - Geoffrey G. Hicks
- Regenerative Medicine Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Abraham Fainsod
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
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Myrie SB, Pinder MA. Skeletal muscle and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:222-229. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is critical for mobility and many metabolic functions integral to survival and long-term health. Alcohol can affect skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism, which will have immediate and long-term consequences on health. While skeletal muscle abnormalities, including morphological, biochemical, and functional impairments, are well-documented in adults that excessively consume alcohol, there is a scarcity of information about the skeletal muscle in the offspring prenatally exposed to alcohol (“prenatal alcohol exposure”; PAE). This minireview examines the available studies addressing skeletal muscle abnormalities due to PAE. Growth restriction, fetal alcohol myopathy, and abnormalities in the neuromuscular system, which contribute to deficits in locomotion, are some direct, immediate consequences of PAE on skeletal muscle morphology and function. Long-term health consequences of PAE-related skeletal abnormalities include impaired glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In general, there is limited information on the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of skeletal abnormalities in PAE offspring. There is a need to understand how PAE affects muscle growth and function at the cellular level during early development to improve the immediate and long-term health of offspring suffering from PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semone B. Myrie
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark A. Pinder
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Gavin DP, Grayson DR, Varghese SP, Guizzetti M. Chromatin Switches during Neural Cell Differentiation and Their Dysregulation by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8050137. [PMID: 28492482 PMCID: PMC5448011 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes persistent neuropsychiatric deficits included under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Cellular identity emerges from a cascade of intrinsic and extrinsic (involving cell-cell interactions and signaling) processes that are partially initiated and maintained through changes in chromatin structure. Prenatal alcohol exposure influences neuronal and astrocyte development, permanently altering brain connectivity. Prenatal alcohol exposure also alters chromatin structure through histone and DNA modifications. However, the data linking alcohol-induced differentiation changes with developmental alterations in chromatin structure remain to be elucidated. In the first part of this review, we discuss the sequence of chromatin structural changes involved in neural cell differentiation during normal development. We then discuss the effects of prenatal alcohol on developmental histone modifications and DNA methylation in the context of neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis. We attempt to synthesize the developmental literature with the FASD literature, proposing that alcohol-induced changes to chromatin structure account for altered neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis as well as altered neuron and astrocyte differentiation. Together these changes may contribute to the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in FASD. Future studies using standardized alcohol exposure paradigms at specific developmental stages will advance the understanding of how chromatin structural changes impact neural cell fate and maturation in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gavin
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sajoy P Varghese
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Marina Guizzetti
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Lussier AA, Weinberg J, Kobor MS. Epigenetics studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: where are we now? Epigenomics 2017; 9:291-311. [PMID: 28234026 PMCID: PMC5549650 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse in utero events can alter the development and function of numerous physiological systems, giving rise to lasting neurodevelopmental deficits. In particular, data have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure can reprogram neurobiological systems, altering developmental trajectories and resulting in increased vulnerability to adverse neurobiological, behavioral and health outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are potential mediators for the reprogramming of neurobiological systems, as they may provide a link between the genome, environmental conditions and neurodevelopmental outcomes. This review outlines the current state of epigenetic research in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, highlighting the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the reprogramming of neurobiological systems by alcohol and as potential diagnostic tools for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. We also present an assessment of the current limitations in studies of prenatal alcohol exposure, and highlight the future steps needed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Lussier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Developmental Alcohol-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6020012. [PMID: 27070644 PMCID: PMC4931489 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its damaging consequences on the developing infant brain are significant public health, social, and economic issues. The major distinctive features of prenatal alcohol exposure in humans are cognitive and behavioral dysfunction due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which results in a continuum of disarray that is collectively called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Many rodent models have been developed to understand the mechanisms of and to reproduce the human FASD phenotypes. These animal FASD studies have provided several molecular pathways that are likely responsible for the neurobehavioral abnormalities that are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure of the developing CNS. Recently, many laboratories have identified several immediate, as well as long-lasting, epigenetic modifications of DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by using a variety of epigenetic approaches in rodent FASD models. Because DNA methylation patterns, DNA-associated histone protein modifications and miRNA-regulated gene expression are crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, they can therefore offer an answer to many of the neurobehavioral abnormalities that are found in FASD. In this review, we briefly discuss the current literature of DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins modification and miRNA and review recent developments concerning epigenetic changes in FASD.
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10
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Huang B, Ning S, Zhuang L, Jiang C, Cui Y, Fan G, Qin L, Liu J. Ethanol Inactivated Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Maintain the Self-Renew and Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130332. [PMID: 26091287 PMCID: PMC4474813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) inactivated by mitomycin C or irradiation were applied to support the self-renew and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To avoid the disadvangtages of mitomycin C and irradiation, here MEFs were treated by ethanol (ET). Our data showed that 10% ET-inactivated MEFs (eiMEFs) could well maintain the self-renew and proliferation of hESCs. hESCs grown on eiMEFs expressed stem cell markers of NANOG, octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4), stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA4) and tumour related antigen-1-81 (TRA-1-81), meanwhile maintained normal karyotype after long time culture. Also, hESCs cocultured with eiMEFs were able to form embryoid body (EB) in vitro and develop teratoma in vivo. Moreover, eiMEFs could keep their nutrient functions after long time cryopreservation. Our results indicate that the application of eiMEF in hESCs culture is safe, economical and convenient, thus is a better choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Song Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - Lianju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Usta SN, Scharer CD, Xu J, Frey TK, Nash RJ. Chemically defined serum-free and xeno-free media for multiple cell lineages. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:97. [PMID: 25405151 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture is one of the most common methods used to recapitulate a human disease environment in a laboratory setting. Cell culture techniques are used to grow and maintain cells of various types including those derived from primary tissues, such as stem cells and cancer tumors. However, a major confounding factor with cell culture is the use of serum and animal (xeno) products in the media. The addition of animal products introduces batch and lot variations that lead to experimental variability, confounds studies with therapeutic outcomes for cultured cells, and represents a major cost associated with cell culture. Here we report a commercially available serum-free, albumin-free, and xeno free (XF) media (Neuro-Pure(TM)) that is more cost-effective than other commercial medias. Neuro-Pure was used to maintain and differentiate various cells of neuronal lineages, fibroblasts, as well as specific cancer cell lines; without the use of contaminants such serum, albumin, and animal products. Neuro-Pure allows for a controlled and reproducible cell culture environment that is applicable to translational medicine and general tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Naz Usta
- 1 Jeevan Biosciences Inc., Dunwoody, GA, USA ; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- 1 Jeevan Biosciences Inc., Dunwoody, GA, USA ; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- 1 Jeevan Biosciences Inc., Dunwoody, GA, USA ; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teryl K Frey
- 1 Jeevan Biosciences Inc., Dunwoody, GA, USA ; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rodney J Nash
- 1 Jeevan Biosciences Inc., Dunwoody, GA, USA ; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Progeny as an In VitroModel to Assess (Developmental) Neurotoxicity. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527674183.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Khalid O, Kim JJ, Kim HS, Hoang M, Tu TG, Elie O, Lee C, Vu C, Horvath S, Spigelman I, Kim Y. Gene expression signatures affected by alcohol-induced DNA methylomic deregulation in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:791-806. [PMID: 24751885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, especially human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), are useful models to study molecular mechanisms of human disorders that originate during gestation. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) consumption during pregnancy causes a variety of prenatal and postnatal disorders collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). To better understand the molecular events leading to FASDs, we performed a genome-wide analysis of EtOH's effects on the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs in culture. Gene Co-expression Network Analysis showed significant alterations in gene profiles of EtOH-treated differentiated or undifferentiated hESCs, particularly those associated with molecular pathways for metabolic processes, oxidative stress, and neuronal properties of stem cells. A genome-wide DNA methylome analysis revealed widespread EtOH-induced alterations with significant hypermethylation of many regions of chromosomes. Undifferentiated hESCs were more vulnerable to EtOH's effect than their differentiated counterparts, with methylation on the promoter regions of chromosomes 2, 16 and 18 in undifferentiated hESCs most affected by EtOH exposure. Combined transcriptomic and DNA methylomic analysis produced a list of differentiation-related genes dysregulated by EtOH-induced DNA methylation changes, which likely play a role in EtOH-induced decreases in hESC pluripotency. DNA sequence motif analysis of genes epigenetically altered by EtOH identified major motifs representing potential binding sites for transcription factors. These findings should help in deciphering the precise mechanisms of alcohol-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khalid
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hyun-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Hoang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thanh G Tu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Omid Elie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Connie Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Catherine Vu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Box 957088, 4357A Gonda Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 63-078 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-041 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 73-022 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 8-684 Factor Building, Box 951781, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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