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Ashrafizadeh M, Javanmardi S, Moradi-Ozarlou M, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Garg M. Natural products and phytochemical nanoformulations targeting mitochondria in oncotherapy: an updated review on resveratrol. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200257. [PMID: 32163546 PMCID: PMC7133519 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles with two distinct membranes, known as an outer mitochondrial membrane and inner cell membrane. Originally, mitochondria have been derived from bacteria. The main function of mitochondria is the production of ATP. However, this important organelle indirectly protects cells by consuming oxygen in the route of energy generation. It has been found that mitochondria are actively involved in the induction of the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. So, there have been efforts to sustain mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibit its dysfunction. Notably, due to the potential role of mitochondria in the stimulation of apoptosis, this organelle is a promising target in cancer therapy. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that exhibits significant pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. The anti-tumor activity of resveratrol may be a consequence of its effect on mitochondria. Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between resveratrol and mitochondria, and it has been demonstrated that resveratrol is able to significantly enhance the concentration of reactive oxygen species, leading to the mitochondrial dysfunction and consequently, apoptosis induction. A number of signaling pathways such as sirtuin and NF-κB may contribute to the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by resveratrol. Besides, resveratrol shifts cellular metabolism from glycolysis into mitochondrial respiration to induce cellular death in cancer cells. In the present review, we discuss the possible interactions between resveratrol and mitochondria, and its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Javanmardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohammadinejad R, Tavakol S, Ahmadi Z, Roomiani S, Katebi M. Autophagy, anoikis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress: Potential applications in melanoma therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19471-19479. [PMID: 31032940 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma as the most major skin malignancy has attracted much attention, so far. Although a successful therapeutic strategy requires an accurate understanding of the precise mechanisms for the initiation and progression of the melanoma. Several types of cell death mechanisms have recently been identified along with conventional cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis. Among those mechanisms, necroptosis, anoikis, ferroptosis, and autophagy may be considered to have remarkable modulatory impacts on melanoma. In the present review, we explain the mechanisms of cell death signaling pathways related to autophagy, ferroptosis, anoikis, necroptosis, and reticulum endoplasmic stress in cells and describe how those mechanisms transduce signals in melanoma cells. Meanwhile, we describe how we can modulate those mechanisms to eliminate melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Sahar Roomiani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Majid Katebi
- Department of Anatomy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
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Lorda-Diez CI, Solis-Mancilla ME, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Garcia-Porrero JA, Hurle JM, Montero JA. Cell senescence, apoptosis and DNA damage cooperate in the remodeling processes accounting for heart morphogenesis. J Anat 2019; 234:815-829. [PMID: 30875434 PMCID: PMC6539749 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, organ morphogenesis requires major tissue rearrangements that are tightly regulated at the genetic level. A large number of studies performed in recent decades assigned a central role to programmed cell death for such morphogenetic tissue rearrangements that often sculpt the shape of embryonic organs. However, accumulating evidence indicates that far from being the only factor responsible for sculpting organ morphology, programmed cell death is accompanied by other tissue remodeling events that ensure the outcome of morphogenesis. In this regard, cell senescence has been recently associated with morphogenetic degenerative embryonic processes as an early tissue remodeling event in development of the limbs, kidney and inner ear. Here, we have explored cell senescence by monitoring β‐galactosidase activity during embryonic heart development where programmed cell death is believed to exert an important morphogenetic function. We report the occurrence of extensive cell senescence foci during heart morphogenesis. These foci overlap spatially and temporally with the areas of programmed cell death that are associated with remodeling of the outflow tract to build the roots of the great arteries and with the septation of cardiac cavities. qPCR analysis allowed us to identify a gene expression profile characteristic of the so‐called senescence secretory associated phenotype in the remodeling outflow tract of the embryonic heart. In addition, we confirmed local upregulation of numerous tumor suppressor genes including p21, p53, p63, p73 and Btg2. Interestingly, the areas of cell senescence were also accompanied by intense lysosomal activation and non‐apoptotic DNA damage revealed by γH2AX immunolabeling. Considering the importance of sustained DNA damage as a triggering factor for cell senescence and apoptosis, we propose the coordinated contribution of DNA damage, senescence and apoptotic cell death to assure tissue remodeling in the developing vertebrate heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Lorda-Diez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Michelle E Solis-Mancilla
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan A Garcia-Porrero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan M Hurle
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan A Montero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Montero JA, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Lorda-Diez CI, Garcia-Porrero JA, Hurle JM. DNA damage precedes apoptosis during the regression of the interdigital tissue in vertebrate embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35478. [PMID: 27752097 PMCID: PMC5067507 DOI: 10.1038/srep35478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage independent of caspase activation accompanies programmed cell death in different vertebrate embryonic organs. We analyzed the significance of DNA damage during the regression of the interdigital tissue, which sculpts the digits in the embryonic limb. Interdigit remodeling involves oxidative stress, massive apoptosis and cell senescence. Phosphorylation of H2AX mediated by ATM precedes caspase dependent apoptosis and cell senescence during interdigit regression. The association of γH2AX with other downstream DNA repair factors, including MDC1, Rad50 and 53BP1 suggests a defensive response of cells against DNA damage. The relative distribution of cells γH2AX-only positive, TUNEL-only positive, and cells double positive for both markers is consistent with a sequence of degenerative events starting by damage of the DNA. In support of this interpretation, the relative number of γH2AX-only cells increases after caspase inhibition while the relative number of TUNEL-only cells increases after inhibition of ATM. Furthermore, cultured interdigits survived and maintained intense chondrogenic potential, even at advanced stages of degeneration, discarding a previous commitment to die. Our findings support a new biological paradigm considering embryonic cell death secondary to genotoxic stimuli, challenging the idea that considers physiological cell death a cell suicide regulated by an internal death clock that pre-programmes degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Montero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Carlos I Lorda-Diez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Juan A Garcia-Porrero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Juan M Hurle
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
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