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Peng J, Zhang L, Lu K, Chen X, Pang H, Yao X, Li P, Cao P, Li X, Wang Z, Qin L, Zhou M, Wang M, Li Q, Qiu C, Sun M, Li Y, Gong L, Wei X, Wang S, Chen J, Lu C, Zou S, Ding X, Chen L, Zhang M, Dong H. Plant PI4P is required for bacteria to translocate type-3 effectors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 245:748-766. [PMID: 39568298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Type-3 effectors (T3E) of phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacteria fulfill a virulent role, causing disease, or an avirulent role, inducing immunity, following their translocation into plant cells. This study aimed to validate the hypothesis that bacterial T3E translocation requires lipidic compounds in plant cell membranes. Based on genetic, molecular, and biochemical assays, we determined that phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) associated with plant cell membranes is essential for the translocation of T3E by bacterial pathogens. Replicate experimental data revealed that PI4P cooperates with the type-3 translocase HrpF to facilitate the translocation of effectors TAL and Xop from Xanthomonas oryzae and Hop from Pseudomonas syringae into the cells of Oryza sativa and Nicotiana benthamiana, respectively. Genetic and molecular analyses confirmed that, once translocated into plant cells, the distinct effectors induce disease or immunity. Combined genetic and pharmacological analyses revealed that when PI4P content is suppressed via genetic or pharmacological measures, the T3 effector translocation is considerably suppressed, resulting in serious inhibition of bacterial infection. Overall, these findings demonstrate that cooperative functioning of HrpF-PI4P is conserved in bacterial effectors and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Peng
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Hainan Province Sanya City Bureau for Business Environment Construction, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 202100, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lina Qin
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Maoling Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Qizhen Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Chunyu Qiu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Mingxin Sun
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yufen Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Liping Gong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 202100, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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Wimmi S, Balinovic A, Brianceau C, Pintor K, Vielhauer J, Turkowyd B, Helbig C, Fleck M, Langenfeld K, Kahnt J, Glatter T, Endesfelder U, Diepold A. Cytosolic sorting platform complexes shuttle type III secretion system effectors to the injectisome in Yersinia enterocolitica. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:185-199. [PMID: 38172622 PMCID: PMC10769875 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria use type III secretion injectisomes to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic target cells. Recruitment of effectors to the machinery and the resulting export hierarchy involve the sorting platform. These conserved proteins form pod structures at the cytosolic interface of the injectisome but are also mobile in the cytosol. Photoactivated localization microscopy in Yersinia enterocolitica revealed a direct interaction of the sorting platform proteins SctQ and SctL with effectors in the cytosol of live bacteria. These proteins form larger cytosolic protein complexes involving the ATPase SctN and the membrane connector SctK. The mobility and composition of these mobile pod structures are modulated in the presence of effectors and their chaperones, and upon initiation of secretion, which also increases the number of injectisomes from ~5 to ~18 per bacterium. Our quantitative data support an effector shuttling mechanism, in which sorting platform proteins bind to effectors in the cytosol and deliver the cargo to the export gate at the membrane-bound injectisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wimmi
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Balinovic
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Corentin Brianceau
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katherine Pintor
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vielhauer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bartosz Turkowyd
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos Helbig
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Fleck
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Langenfeld
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Endesfelder
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- SYNMIKRO, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- SYNMIKRO, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
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