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Xiang K, Li Y, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Peptide-based non-viral gene delivery: A comprehensive review of the advances and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131194. [PMID: 38554914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the most effective treatment option for diseases, but its effectiveness is affected by the choice and design of gene carriers. The genes themselves have to pass through multiple barriers in order to enter the cell and therefore require additional vectors to carry them inside the cell. In gene therapy, peptides have unique properties and potential as gene carriers, which can effectively deliver genes into specific cells or tissues, protect genes from degradation, improve gene transfection efficiency, and enhance gene targeting and biological responsiveness. This paper reviews the research progress of peptides and their derivatives in the field of gene delivery recently, describes the obstacles encountered by foreign materials to enter the interior of the cell, and introduces the following classes of functional peptides that can carry materials into the interior of the cell, and assist in transmembrane translocation of carriers, thus breaking through endosomal traps to enable successful entry of genetic materials into the nucleus of the cell. The paper also discusses the combined application of peptide vectors with other vectors to enhance its transfection ability, explores current challenges encountered by peptide vectors, and looks forward to future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bio nanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Fu S, Xu X, Ma Y, Zhang S, Zhang S. RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors targeting integrin α vβ 3 for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:1-11. [PMID: 29564914 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1455841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is restrictedly expressed on angiogenic blood vessels and tumour cells. It plays a key role in angiogenesis for tumour growth and metastasis. RGD peptide can specifically recognise the integrin αvβ3, which serves as targeted molecular for anti-angiogenesis strategies. Therefore, the targeted delivery of therapeutics by RGD peptide-based non-viral vectors to tumour vasculature and tumour cells is recognised as a promising approach for treating cancer. In this review, we illustrate the interaction between RGD peptide and integrin αvβ3 from different perspectives. Meanwhile, four types of RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors for cancer therapy, including RGD-based cationic polymers, lipids, peptides and hybrid systems, are summarised. The aim is to particularly highlight the enhanced therapeutic effects and specific targeting ability exhibited by these vectors for cancer gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China.,b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Yu Ma
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China
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3
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Sun Y, Liu H, Cheng L, Zhu S, Cai C, Yang T, Yang L, Ding P. Thiol Michael addition reaction: a facile tool for introducing peptides into polymer-based gene delivery systems. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Shimeng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; Husson University; Bangor ME USA
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Sun Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Yang T, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Exploring the role of peptides in polymer-based gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:23-37. [PMID: 28778533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are widely studied as non-viral gene vectors because of their strong DNA binding ability, capacity to carry large payload, flexibility of chemical modifications, low immunogenicity, and facile processes for manufacturing. However, high cytotoxicity and low transfection efficiency substantially restrict their application in clinical trials. Incorporating functional peptides is a promising approach to address these issues. Peptides demonstrate various functions in polymer-based gene delivery systems, such as targeting to specific cells, breaching membrane barriers, facilitating DNA condensation and release, and lowering cytotoxicity. In this review, we systematically summarize the role of peptides in polymer-based gene delivery, and elaborate how to rationally design polymer-peptide based gene delivery vectors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Polymers are widely studied as non-viral gene vectors, but suffer from high cytotoxicity and low transfection efficiency. Incorporating short, bioactive peptides into polymer-based gene delivery systems can address this issue. Peptides demonstrate various functions in polymer-based gene delivery systems, such as targeting to specific cells, breaching membrane barriers, facilitating DNA condensation and release, and lowering cytotoxicity. In this review, we highlight the peptides' roles in polymer-based gene delivery, and elaborate how to utilize various functional peptides to enhance the transfection efficiency of polymers. The optimized peptide-polymer vectors should be able to alter their structures and functions according to biological microenvironments and utilize inherent intracellular pathways of cells, and consequently overcome the barriers during gene delivery to enhance transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Shih Y, Venault A, Tayo LL, Chen SH, Higuchi A, Deratani A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Quemener D, Chang Y. A Zwitterionic-Shielded Carrier with pH-Modulated Reversible Self-Assembly for Gene Transfection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1914-1926. [PMID: 28147481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cationic vectors are ideal candidates for gene delivery thanks to their capability to carry large gene inserts and their scalable production. However, their cationic density gives rise to high cytotoxicity. We present the proper designed core-shell polyplexes made of either poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) as the core and zwitterionic poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PAA-b-PSBMA) diblock copolymer as the shell. Gel retardation and ethidium bromide displacement assays were used to determine the PEI/DNA or PDMAEMA/DNA complexation. At neutral pH, the copolymer serves as a protective shell of the complex. As PSBMA is a nonfouling block, the shell reduced the cytotoxicity and enhanced the hemocompatibility (lower hemolysis activity, longer plasma clotting time) of the gene carriers. PAA segments in the copolymer impart pH sensitivity by allowing deshielding of the core in acidic solution. Therefore, the transfection efficiency of polyplexes at pH 6.5 was better than at pH 7.0, from β-galactosidase assay, and for all PAA-b-PSBMA tested. These results were supported by more favorable physicochemical properties in acidic solution (zeta potential, particle size, and interactions between the polymer and DNA). Thus, the results of this study offer a potential route to the development of efficient and nontoxic pH-sensitive gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuju Shih
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapúa Institute of Technology , Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Sheng-Han Chen
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andre Deratani
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damien Quemener
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hayakawa EH, Mochizuki E, Tsuda T, Akiyoshi K, Matsuoka H, Kuwabata S. The effect of hydrophilic ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate and choline lactate on lipid vesicle fusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85467. [PMID: 24392011 PMCID: PMC3877375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are room-temperature molten salts that have applications in both physical sciences and more recently in the purification of proteins and lipids, gene transfection and sample preparation for electron microscopy (EM) studies. Transfection of genes into cells requires membrane fusion between the cell membrane and the transfection reagent, thus, ILs may be induce a membrane fusion event. To clarify the behavior of ILs with cell membranes the effect of ILs on model membranes, i.e., liposomes, were investigated. We used two standard ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate ([EMI][Lac]) and choline lactate ([Ch][Lac]), and focused on whether these ILs can induce lipid vesicle fusion. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and dynamic light scattering were employed to determine whether the ILs induced vesicle fusion. Vesicle solutions at low IL concentrations showed negligible fusion when compared with the controls in the absence of ILs. At concentrations of 30% (v/v), both types of ILs induced vesicle fusion up to 1.3 and 1.6 times the fluorescence intensity of the control in the presence of [Ch][Lac] and [EMI][Lac], respectively. This is the first demonstration that [EMI][Lac] and [Ch][Lac] induce vesicle fusion at high IL concentrations and this observation should have a significant influence on basic biophysical studies. Conversely, the ability to avoid vesicle fusion at low IL concentrations is clearly advantageous for EM studies of lipid samples and cells. This new information describing IL-lipid membrane interactions should impact EM observations examining cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri H. Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Medical Zoology and Parasitology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- *E-mail: (EHH); (SK)
| | - Eiko Mochizuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Medical Zoology and Parasitology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- *E-mail: (EHH); (SK)
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7
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Analysis of Cell Binding and Internalization of Multivalent PEG-Based Gene Delivery Vehicles. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2012; 11:54-61. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2011.2179555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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The biocompatibility of fatty acid modified dextran-agmatine bioconjugate gene delivery vector. Biomaterials 2012; 33:604-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Manuri PVR, Wilson MH, Maiti SN, Mi T, Singh H, Olivares S, Dawson MJ, Huls H, Lee DA, Rao PH, Kaminski JM, Nakazawa Y, Gottschalk S, Kebriaei P, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Cooper LJN. piggyBac transposon/transposase system to generate CD19-specific T cells for the treatment of B-lineage malignancies. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:427-37. [PMID: 19905893 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral integrating vectors can be used for expression of therapeutic genes. piggyBac (PB), a transposon/transposase system, has been used to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stems cells from somatic cells, without genetic alteration. In this paper, we apply PB transposition to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in primary human T cells. We demonstrate that T cells electroporated to introduce the PB transposon and transposase stably express CD19-specific CAR and when cultured on CD19(+) artificial antigen-presenting cells, numerically expand in a CAR-dependent manner, display a phenotype associated with both memory and effector T cell populations, and exhibit CD19-dependent killing of tumor targets. Integration of the PB transposon expressing CAR was not associated with genotoxicity, based on chromosome analysis. PB transposition for generating human T cells with redirected specificity to a desired target such as CD19 is a new genetic approach with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi V Raja Manuri
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Peng HT, Huang Huang, Shek PN, Charbonneau S, Blostein MD. PEGylation of Melittin: Structural Characterization and Hemostatic Effects. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911509354230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote and understand the structure—property relationship for hemostasis, we modified melittin (MLT) using a four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The PEGylation was characterized by FTIR, MALDI-MS, NMR, a bicinchoninic acid assay, circular dichroism, hemolysis assay, and thromboelastography. Changes in the reaction conditions affected the extent of the modification, the numbers of MLT conjugated to PEG arms, and possible PEGylation sites. The reaction at pH 9.2 with a high MLT/PEG ratio, resulted in the highest modification. Reactions in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) resulted in more multi-arm coupled MLT, reaching a maximum of four MLT per PEG. The helicity of the modified peptide, relative to the native peptide, was essentially maintained in DMSO, but substantially lost at pH 9.2. PEGylation reduced the hemolytic effects of MLT and subsequently changed its coagulation profiles. The overall hemostatic effects of MLT modified in DMSO indicate that this may be a convenient approach to the PEGylation of biomolecules for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. Peng
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, P.O. Box 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Huang Huang
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, P.O. Box 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pang N. Shek
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, P.O. Box 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Charbonneau
- Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark D. Blostein
- Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Nie H, Khew ST, Lee LY, Poh KL, Tong YW, Wang CH. Lysine-based peptide-functionalized PLGA foams for controlled DNA delivery. J Control Release 2009; 138:64-70. [PMID: 19409431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its hydrophobicity and negatively charged surfaces, PLGA-based scaffolds have encountered problems in controlled-release and tissue engineering applications. The effects of charge modification of PLGA micro-porous foams on DNA delivery and DNA transfection are investigated herein. Tailor-designed l-lysine peptides (K4 and K20) were employed to modify the surface charge of PLGA foams using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide cross linkers and the effects of charge modification of PLGA were examined in three main aspects: DNA adsorption, DNA release properties and DNA transfection. Successful conjugation of peptide and DNA adsorption were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A plasmid encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) was used throughout the current study and the results indicate that adsorption capacity and release behavior of DNA were highly dependent on the charge properties of the foam surfaces. The release rates of DNA from the K4- and K20-functionalized foams are more sustainable as compared to the blank foam. As a result, the sustained release of DNA from modified foams led to negligible cytotoxicity and sustained expression of DNA which is favorable for DNA delivery and tissue engineering application. Furthermore, the ease of fabrication and modification of PLGA foams makes it a promising DNA delivery device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Nie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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12
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Peng HT, Blostein MD, Shek PN. Experimental optimization of anin situforming hydrogel for hemorrhage control. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 89:199-209. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Moore NM, Sheppard CL, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Characterization of a multifunctional PEG-based gene delivery system containing nuclear localization signals and endosomal escape peptides. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:854-64. [PMID: 18926782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal escape and nuclear localization are two barriers to gene delivery that need to be addressed in the design of new nonviral gene delivery vehicles. We have previously synthesized low-toxicity polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based vehicles with endosomal escape functionalities, but it was determined that the transfection efficiency of PEG-based vehicles that escaped the endosome was still limited by poor nuclear localization. Two different nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptides, SV40 and TAT, were coupled to PEG-based vehicles with DNA-binding peptides (DBPs) to determine the effect of NLS peptides on the transfection efficiency of PEG-based gene delivery vehicles. Coupling one SV40 peptide, a classical NLS, or two TAT peptides, a nonclassical NLS, to PEG-DBP vehicles increased the transfection efficiency of PEG-DBP/DNA particles 15-fold and resulted in similar efficiency to that of a common cationic polymer vehicle, polyethylenimine (PEI). The transfection efficiency of both types of PEG-DBP-NLS particles was further increased 7-fold in the presence of chloroquine, suggesting that the transfection efficiency of PEG-DBP-NLS particles is limited by their ability to escape the endosome. To develop particles that could escape the endosome and target the nucleus, a mixture of PEG-DBP-NLS vehicles and PEG-based vehicles with DBPs and endosomal escape peptides were complexed with plasmid DNA to form multifunctional particles that had a transfection efficiency 2-3 times higher than that of PEI. Additionally, the PEG-based vehicles were less toxic and more resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption than PEI, making them an attractive alternative for nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Moore
- Department of Environmental, Energy, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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14
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Moore NM, Sheppard CL, Barbour TR, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. The effect of endosomal escape peptides on in vitro gene delivery of polyethylene glycol-based vehicles. J Gene Med 2008; 10:1134-49. [PMID: 18642401 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With recent progress in gene therapy clinical trials, there is an even greater demand to advance the development of nonviral gene delivery vehicles. We have previously developed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based vehicles with transfection efficiency similar to polyethyleneimine and low cytotoxicity. It was hypothesized that conjugating endosomal escape peptides (EEPs) to PEG-based vehicles would further increase their transfection efficiency. The present study aimed to determine how two different EEPs, INF7 and H5WYG, which destabilize the endosomal membrane at different pHs, affect the efficiency of PEG-based vehicles. METHODS INF7 and H5WYG were conjugated to PEG-tetraacrylate (PEG-TA) via a Michael-type addition at the desired molar ratios. The pH-dependent membrane lytic activity, transfection efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and endosomal escape kinetic rate constants were determined. RESULTS Fusogenic peptides, INF7 and H5WYG, showed pH-dependent membrane lytic activity when conjugated to PEG-TA. The highest membrane lytic activity of PEG-INF7 and PEG-H5WYG conjugates occurred at pH 5 and 5.5, respectively. Coupling one INF7 peptide to PEG-DNA binding peptide (DBP) vehicles increased the transfection efficiency ten-fold and showed greater transfection efficiency than PEG-DBP vehicles coupled with H5WYG peptide. Fitting a first-order kinetic model to the average intracellular pH of the vehicle/DNA particles over time determined that coupling EEPs to PEG-DBP vehicles increased the endosomal escape rate constant by two orders of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Endosomal escape is a key step in nonviral cellular trafficking and thus the transfection efficiency of nonviral vehicles can be increased by targeting release of DNA from the endosome with EEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Moore
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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15
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Van Horn BA, Iha RK, Wooley KL. Sequential and Single-Step, One-Pot Strategies for the Transformation of Hydrolytically Degradable Polyesters into Multifunctional Systems. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7026963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Van Horn
- Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Rhiannon K. Iha
- Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
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16
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Wu L, Al-Haydari M, da Rocha SRP. Novel propellant-driven inhalation formulations: engineering polar drug particles with surface-trapped hydrofluoroalkane-philes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 33:146-58. [PMID: 18083015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Challenges in reformulating pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) with hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants, and the potential of inhalation formulations for the delivery of drugs to and through the lungs have encouraged the development of novel suspension-based pMDI formulations. In this work we propose a new methodology for engineering polar drug particles with enhanced stability and aerosol characteristics in propellant HFAs. The approach consists in 'trapping' HFA-philic moieties at the surface of particles, which are formed using a modified emulsification-diffusion method. The trapped moieties act as stabilizing agents, thus preventing flocculation of the otherwise unstable colloidal drug particles. This approach has advantages compared to surfactant-stabilized colloids in that no free stabilizers remain in solution (reduced toxicity), and the challenges associated with the synthesis of well-balanced amphiphiles are circumvented. The methodology was tested by trapping polyethylene glycol (PEG) at the surface of particles of a model polar drug-salbutamol sulfate. Colloidal probe microscopy is used to quantitatively demonstrate the trapping of the HFA-phile at the surface, and the ability of PEG in screening particle-particle cohesive interactions. Both physical stability and the corresponding aerosol characteristics are significantly improved compared to those of a commercial formulation. The fine particle fraction of PEG-coated salbutamol sulfate was observed to be 42% higher than that of Ventolin HFA. The formation of stable dispersions of terbutaline hemisulfate using the same approach, suggests this to be a generally applicable methodology to polar drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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