1
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Hinton M, Thliveris JA, Hatch GM, Dakshinamurti S. Nitric oxide augments signaling for contraction in hypoxic pulmonary arterial smooth muscle—Implications for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1144574. [PMID: 37064915 PMCID: PMC10090299 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1144574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxic persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN) is usually treated with oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide (NO), both pulmonary arterial relaxants. But treatment failure with NO occurs in 25% of cases. We previously demonstrated that 72 h exposure to hypoxia, modeling PPHN, sensitized pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) to the contractile agonist thromboxane and inhibited relaxant adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity.Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor, on the thromboxane-mediated contraction and NO-independent relaxation pathways and on reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in PASMC. In addition, we examined the effect of the peroxynitrite scavenger 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato Iron (III) (FeTPPS) on these processes.Results: Exposure of PASMC to 72 h hypoxia increased total intracellular ROS compared to normoxic control cells and this was mitigated by treatment of cells with either SNP or FeTPPS. Total protein nitrosylation was increased in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls. Both normoxic and hypoxic cells treated with SNP exhibited increased total protein nitrosylation and intracellular nitrite; this was reduced by treatment with FeTPPS. While cell viability and mitochondrial number were unchanged by hypoxia, mitochondrial activity was decreased compared to controls; addition of FeTPPS did not alter this. Basal and maximal mitochondrial metabolism and ATP turnover were reduced in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls. Hypoxic PASMC had higher basal Ca2+, and a heightened peak Ca2+ response to thromboxane challenge compared to controls. Addition of SNP further elevated the peak Ca2+ response, while addition of FeTPPS brought peak Ca2+ response down to control levels. AC mediated relaxation was impaired in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls but was normalized following treatment with FeTPPS. Addition of SNP inhibited adenylyl cyclase activity in both normoxic and hypoxic PASMC. Moreover, addition of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA improved AC activity, but the effect was minimal.Discussion: We conclude that NO independently augments contraction and inhibits relaxation pathways in hypoxic PASMC, in part by a mechanism involving nitrogen radical formation and protein nitrosylation. These observations may partially explain impaired effectiveness of NO when treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Hinton
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James A. Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant M. Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shyamala Dakshinamurti,
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2
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Grün C, Pfeifer J, Liebsch G, Gottwald E. O 2-sensitive microcavity arrays: A new platform for oxygen measurements in 3D cell cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1111316. [PMID: 36890915 PMCID: PMC9986295 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen concentration plays a crucial role in (3D) cell culture. However, the oxygen content in vitro is usually not comparable to the in vivo situation, which is partly due to the fact that most experiments are performed under ambient atmosphere supplemented with 5% CO2, which can lead to hyperoxia. Cultivation under physiological conditions is necessary, but also fails to have suitable measurement methods, especially in 3D cell culture. Current oxygen measurement methods rely on global oxygen measurements (dish or well) and can only be performed in 2D cultures. In this paper, we describe a system that allows the determination of oxygen in 3D cell culture, especially in the microenvironment of single spheroids/organoids. For this purpose, microthermoforming was used to generate microcavity arrays from oxygen-sensitive polymer films. In these oxygen-sensitive microcavity arrays (sensor arrays), spheroids cannot only be generated but also cultivated further. In initial experiments we could show that the system is able to perform mitochondrial stress tests in spheroid cultures to characterize mitochondrial respiration in 3D. Thus, with the help of sensor arrays, it is possible to determine oxygen label-free and in real-time in the immediate microenvironment of spheroid cultures for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grün
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Pfeifer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Aleemardani M, Solouk A, Akbari S, Moeini M. A hydrogel-fiber-hydrogel composite scaffold based on silk fibroin with the dual-delivery of oxygen and quercetin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:297-311. [PMID: 36224726 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Supplying sufficient oxygen within the scaffolds is one of the essential hindrances in tissue engineering that can be resolved by oxygen-generating biomaterials (OGBs). Two main issues related to OGBs are controlling oxygenation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To address these concerns, we developed a composite scaffold entailing three layers (hydrogel-electrospun fibers-hydrogel) with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The fibers, the middle layer, reinforced the composite structure, enhancing the mechanical strength from 4.27 ± 0.15 to 8.27 ± 0.25 kPa; also, this layer is made of calcium peroxide and silk fibroin (SF) through electrospinning, which enables oxygen delivery. The first and third layers are physical SF hydrogels to control oxygen release, containing quercetin (Q), a nonenzymatic antioxidant. This composite scaffold resulted in almost more than 40 mmHg of oxygen release for at least 13 days, and compared with similar studies is in a high range. Here, Q was used for the first time for an OGB to scavenge the possible ROS. Q delivery not only led to antioxidant activity but also stabilized oxygen release and enhanced cell viability. Based on the given results, this composite scaffold can be introduced as a safe and controllable oxygen supplier, which is promising for tissue engineering applications, particularly for bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleemardani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Akbari
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moeini
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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4
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McDonnell EE, Buckley CT. Two‐ and three‐dimensional in vitro nucleus pulposus cultures: An in silico analysis of local nutrient microenvironments. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1222. [PMID: 36203867 PMCID: PMC9520769 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that the unique biochemical microenvironment of the intervertebral disc plays a predominant role in cell viability and biosynthesis. However, unless the effect of microenvironmental conditions is primary to a study objective, in vitro culture parameters that are critical for reproducibility are both varied and not routinely reported. Aims This work aims to investigate the local microenvironments of commonly used culture configurations, highlighting physiological relevance, potential discrepancies, and elucidating possible heterogeneity across the research field. Materials and Methods This work uses nutrient‐transport in silico models to reflect on the effect of often underappreciated parameters, such as culture geometry and diffusional distance (vessel, media volume, construct size), seeding density, and external boundary conditions on the local microenvironment of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems. Results We elucidate important discrepancies between the external boundary conditions such as the incubator level or media concentrations and the actual local cellular concentrations. Oxygen concentration and cell seeding density were found to be highly influential parameters and require utmost consideration when utilizing 3D culture systems. Discussion This work highlights that large variations in the local nutrient microenvironment can easily be established without consideration of several key parameters. Without careful deliberation of the microenvironment within each specific and unique system, there is the potential to confound in vitro results leading to heterogeneous results across the research field in terms of biosynthesis and matrix composition. Conclusion Overall, this calls for a greater appreciation of key parameters when designing in vitro experiments. Better harmony and standardization of physiologically relevant local microenvironments are needed to push toward reproducibility and successful translation of findings across the research field. Large variations in the local nutrient microenvironment can easily be established without careful consideration of several key parameters. While one external concentration may be suitable for one culture configuration, they may not be appropriate for another. External conditions need to be tailored to the specific cells and culture system to establish homogeneous and physiologically relevant microenvironments. Taken together, more deliberate consideration of the external boundary concentrations and in vitro culture design, harmony and standardization of a physiologically relevant microenvironment will push toward greater reproducibility and more successful translation of findings across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. McDonnell
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
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5
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Li Y, Ye Z, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Song J, Xu F, Li F. In Situ and Quantitative Monitoring of Cardiac Tissues Using Programmable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10515-10523. [PMID: 35822575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cardiac tissue model holds great potential as a powerful platform for drug screening. Respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 levels are the three key parameters for determining the physiological functions of cardiac tissues, which are technically challenging to be monitored in an in situ and quantitative manner. Herein, we constructed an in vitro cardiac tissue model on polyacrylamide gels and applied a pulsatile electrical field to promote the maturation of the cardiac tissue. Then, we built a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) platform with programmable pulse potentials to in situ characterize the dynamic changes in the respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 level of cardiac tissues under both normal physiological and drug (isoproterenol and propranolol) treatment conditions using oxygen, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), and H2O2 as the corresponding redox mediators. The SECM results showed that isoproterenol treatment induced enhanced oxygen consumption, accelerated contractile frequency, and increased released H2O2 level, while propranolol treatment induced dynamically decreased oxygen consumption and contractile frequency and no obvious change in H2O2 levels, suggesting the effects of activation and inhibition of β-adrenoceptor on the metabolic and electrophysiological activities of cardiac tissues. Our work realizes the in situ and quantitative monitoring of respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and secreted H2O2 level of living cardiac tissues using SECM for the first time. The programmable SECM methodology can also be used to real-time and quantitatively monitor electrochemical and electrophysiological parameters of cardiac tissues for future drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovasology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710077, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Blancke Soares A, Meier R, Liebsch G, Schwenk-Zieger S, Kirmaier ME, Theurich S, Widmann M, Canis M, Gires O, Haubner F. High-resolution spatiotemporal pH e and pO 2 imaging in head and neck and oesophageal carcinoma cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33947450 PMCID: PMC8097870 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background pO2 and pH are physiological parameters relevant for different processes in health and disease, including wound healing and cancer progression. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) have a high rate of local recurrence that is partly related to treatment-resistant residual tumour cells. Hence, novel diagnostic tools are required to visualise potential residual tumour cells and thereby improve treatment outcome for HNSCC and ESCC patients. We developed a device to spatiotemporally measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) to distinguish HNSCC and ESCC cells from healthy cells in vitro, exploiting general metabolic differences between cancer cells and healthy cells. Methods OCR and ECAR were measured via a newly developed device named STO2p-Q (SpatioTemporal O2 and pH Quantification) using the VisiSens technology based on ratiometric fluorescence imaging, facilitating spatiotemporal resolution. Results were confirmed using extracellular flux analyses (Seahorse technology). Results STO2p-Q is described and used to measure OCR and ECAR in HNSCC and ESCC cell lines and normal fibroblast and epithelial cells as components of the tumour microenvironment. OCR measurements showed differences amongst HNSCC and ESCC cell lines and between HNSCC/ESCC and normal cells, which on average had lower OCR than HNSCC/ESCC cells. Both OCR and ECAR measurements were independently verified using the Seahorse technology. Additionally, using STO2p-Q, HNSCC/ESCC, and normal cells could be spatially resolved with a resolution in the low millimetre range. Conclusions We developed a method to spatiotemporally measure OCR and ECAR of cells, which has many potential in vitro applications and lays the foundation for the development of novel diagnostic tools for the detection of cancerous tissue in HNSCC and ESCC patients in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00257-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Blancke Soares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Meier
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Liebsch
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Schwenk-Zieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin E Kirmaier
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Cancer and Immunometabolism Research Group, Gene Center LMU, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Cancer and Immunometabolism Research Group, Gene Center LMU, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Widmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Nikmaneshi MR, Firoozabadi B, Munn LL. A mechanobiological mathematical model of liver metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2861-2874. [PMID: 32501531 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a complex role in metabolism and detoxification, and better tools are needed to understand its function and to develop liver-targeted therapies. In this study, we establish a mechanobiological model of liver transport and hepatocyte biology to elucidate the metabolism of urea and albumin, the production/detoxification of ammonia, and consumption of oxygen and nutrients. Since hepatocellular shear stress (SS) can influence the enzymatic activities of liver, the effect of SS on the urea and albumin synthesis are empirically modeled through the mechanotransduction mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the rheology and dynamics of the sinusoid flow can significantly affect liver metabolism. We show that perfusate rheology and blood hematocrit can affect urea and albumin production by changing hepatocyte mechanosensitive metabolism. The model can also simulate enzymatic diseases of the liver such as hyperammonemia I, hyperammonemia II, hyperarginemia, citrollinemia, and argininosuccinicaciduria, which disrupt the urea metabolism and ammonia detoxification. The model is also able to predict how aggregate cultures of hepatocytes differ from single cell cultures. We conclude that in vitro perfusable devices for the study of liver metabolism or personalized medicine should be designed with similar morphology and fluid dynamics as patient liver tissue. This robust model can be adapted to any type of hepatocyte culture to determine how hepatocyte viability, functionality, and metabolism are influenced by liver pathologies and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Nikmaneshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Sakaguchi K, Hinata Y, Kagawa Y, Iwasaki K, Tsuneda S, Shimizu T, Umezu M. Low-temperature culturing improves survival rate of tissue-engineered cardiac cell sheets. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:89-97. [PMID: 29872740 PMCID: PMC5986703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembling three-dimensional (3D) tissues from single cells necessitates the use of various advanced technological methods because higher-density tissues require numerous complex capillary structures to supply sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Accordingly, creating healthy culture conditions to support 3D cardiac tissues requires an appropriate balance between the supplied nutrients and cell metabolism. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and efficient method for low-temperature cultivation (< 37 °C) that decreases cell metabolism for facilitating the buildup of 3D cardiac tissues. We created 3D cardiac tissues using cell sheet technology and analyzed the viability of the cardiac cells in low-temperature environments. To determine a method that would allow thicker 3D tissues to survive, we investigated the cardiac tissue viability under low-temperature culture processes at 20–33.5 °C and compared it with the viability under the standard culture process at 37 °C. Our results indicated that the standard culture process at 37 °C was unable to support higher-density myocardial tissue; however, low-temperature culture conditions maintained dense myocardial tissue and prevascularization. To investigate the efficiency of transplantation, layered cell sheets produced by the low-temperature culture process were also transplanted under the skin of nude rats. Cardiac tissue cultured at 30 °C developed denser prevascular networks than the tissue cultured at the standard temperature. Our novel findings indicate that the low-temperature process is effective for fabricating 3D tissues from high-functioning cells such as heart cells. This method should make major contributions to future clinical applications and to the field of organ engineering. Low-temperature culture conditions maintained layered myocardial cell sheets. Cardiac tissue cultured at 30 °C developed denser prevascular networks than the 37 °C cultivation. Low-temperature tissue engineering could possibily improve cell delivery for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuto Hinata
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, TWIns, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagawa
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, TWIns, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Iwasaki
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umezu
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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9
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Haraguchi Y, Kagawa Y, Sakaguchi K, Matsuura K, Shimizu T, Okano T. Thicker three-dimensional tissue from a "symbiotic recycling system" combining mammalian cells and algae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41594. [PMID: 28139713 PMCID: PMC5282507 DOI: 10.1038/srep41594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report an in vitro co-culture system that combines mammalian cells and algae, Chlorococcum littorale, to create a three-dimensional (3-D) tissue. While the C2C12 mouse myoblasts and rat cardiac cells consumed oxygen actively, intense oxygen production was accounted for by the algae even in the co-culture system. Although cell metabolism within thicker cardiac cell-layered tissues showed anaerobic respiration, the introduction of innovative co-cultivation partially changed the metabolism to aerobic respiration. Moreover, the amount of glucose consumption and lactate production in the cardiac tissues and the amount of ammonia in the culture media decreased significantly when co-cultivated with algae. In the cardiac tissues devoid of algae, delamination was observed histologically, and the release of creatine kinase (CK) from the tissues showed severe cardiac cell damage. On the other hand, the layered cell tissues with algae were observed to be in a good histological condition, with less than one-fifth decline in CK release. The co-cultivation with algae improved the culture condition of the thicker tissues, resulting in the formation of 160 μm-thick cardiac tissues. Thus, the present study proposes the possibility of creating an in vitro “symbiotic recycling system” composed of mammalian cells and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagawa
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,School of Creative Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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10
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Jackman CP, Carlson AL, Bursac N. Dynamic culture yields engineered myocardium with near-adult functional output. Biomaterials 2016; 111:66-79. [PMID: 27723557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues hold promise for cell therapy and drug development, but exhibit inadequate function and maturity. In this study, we sought to significantly improve the function and maturation of rat and human engineered cardiac tissues. We developed dynamic, free-floating culture conditions for engineering "cardiobundles", 3-dimensional cylindrical tissues made from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) embedded in fibrin-based hydrogel. Compared to static culture, 2-week dynamic culture of neonatal rat cardiobundles significantly increased expression of sarcomeric proteins, cardiomyocyte size (∼2.1-fold), contractile force (∼3.5-fold), and conduction velocity of action potentials (∼1.4-fold). The average contractile force per cross-sectional area (59.7 mN/mm2) and conduction velocity (52.5 cm/s) matched or approached those of adult rat myocardium, respectively. The inferior function of statically cultured cardiobundles was rescued by transfer to dynamic conditions, which was accompanied by an increase in mTORC1 activity and decline in AMPK phosphorylation and was blocked by rapamycin. Furthermore, dynamic culture effects did not stimulate ERK1/2 pathway and were insensitive to blockers of mechanosensitive channels, suggesting increased nutrient availability rather than mechanical stimulation as the upstream activator of mTORC1. Direct comparison with phenylephrine treatment confirmed that dynamic culture promoted physiological cardiomyocyte growth rather than pathological hypertrophy. Optimized dynamic culture conditions also augmented function of human cardiobundles made reproducibly from cardiomyocytes derived from multiple hPSC lines, resulting in significantly increased contraction force (∼2.5-fold) and conduction velocity (∼1.4-fold). The average specific force of 23.2 mN/mm2 and conduction velocity of 25.8 cm/s approached the functional metrics of adult human myocardium. In conclusion, we have developed a versatile methodology for engineering cardiac tissues with a near-adult functional output without the need for exogenous electrical or mechanical stimulation, and have identified mTOR signaling as an important mechanism for advancing tissue maturation and function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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Kagawa Y, Haraguchi Y, Tsuneda S, Shimizu T. Real-time quantitation of internal metabolic activity of three-dimensional engineered tissues using an oxygen microelectrode and optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:855-864. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kagawa
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
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12
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Kagawa Y, Miyahara H, Ota Y, Tsuneda S. System for measuring oxygen consumption rates of mammalian cells in static culture under hypoxic conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:189-97. [PMID: 26558344 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of mammalian cells in hypoxic environments is essential for designing and developing a three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture system. However, OCR measurements under hypoxic conditions are infrequently reported in the literature. Here, we developed a system for measuring OCRs at low oxygen levels. The system injects nitrogen gas into the environment and measures the oxygen concentration by an optical oxygen microsensor that consumes no oxygen. The developed system was applied to HepG2 cells in static culture. Specifically, we measured the spatial profiles of the local dissolved oxygen concentration in the medium, then estimated the OCRs of the cells. The OCRs, and also the pericellular oxygen concentrations, decreased nonlinearly as the oxygen partial pressure in the environment decreased from 19% to 1%. The OCRs also depended on the culture period and the matrix used for coating the dish surface. Using this system, we can precisely estimate the OCRs of various cell types under environments that mimic 3-D culture conditions, contributing crucial data for an efficient 3-D culture system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kagawa
- Inst. for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-Cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Miyahara
- Dept. of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-Cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuri Ota
- Dept. of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-Cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Inst. for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-Cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Dept. of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-Cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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