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Temena MA, Acar A. Increased TRIM31 gene expression is positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 associated genes TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11763. [PMID: 35970857 PMCID: PMC9378649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides typical respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients also have gastrointestinal symptoms. Studies focusing on the gastrointestinal tumors derived from gastrointestinal tissues have raised a question whether these tumors might express higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and therefore patients diagnosed with GI cancers may be more susceptible to the infection. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and their co-expressions in gastrointestinal solid tumors, cancer cell lines and patient-derived organoids relative to their normal counterparts. Moreover, we have found increased co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection known to be mediated by this protease pair might facilitate the effects of viral infection in GI cancer patients. Further, our findings also demonstrate that TRIM31 expression is upregulated in gastrointestinal tumors, while the inhibition of TRIM31 significantly altered viral replication and viral processes associated with cellular pathways in gastrointestinal cancer samples. Taken together, these findings indicate that in addition to the co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 protease pair in GI cancers, TRIM31 expression is positively correlated with this pair and TRIM31 may play a role in providing an increased susceptibility in GI cancer patients to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arda Temena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Xu F, Gao J, Orgil BO, Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Purevjav E, Davenport AS, Li K, Towbin JA, Black DD, Pierre JF, Lu L. Ace2 and Tmprss2 Expressions Are Regulated by Dhx32 and Influence the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Caused by SARS-CoV-2. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1212. [PMID: 34834564 PMCID: PMC8621576 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most important pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry depends on the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming of the spike protein, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms through which these two proteins and their cognate transcripts interact and influence the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this study, we quantified the expression, associations, genetic modulators, and molecular pathways for Tmprss2 and Ace2 mRNA expressions in GI tissues using a systems genetics approach and the expanded family of highly diverse BXD mouse strains. The results showed that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 are highly expressed in GI tissues with significant covariation. We identified a significant expression quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 that controls the expression of both Tmprss2 and Ace2. Dhx32 was found to be the strongest candidate in this interval. Co-expression network analysis demonstrated that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 were located at the same module that is significantly associated with other GI-related traits. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that hub genes in this module are linked to circadian rhythms. Collectively, our data suggested that genes with circadian rhythms of expression may have an impact on COVID-19 disease, with implications related to the timing and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Athena S. Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dennis D. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
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Hussen J, Kandeel M, Hemida MG, Al-Mubarak AIA. Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for COVID-19. Pathogens 2020; 9:E917. [PMID: 33167401 PMCID: PMC7694378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global efforts to contain the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) include the development of novel preventive vaccines and effective therapeutics. Passive antibody therapies using convalescent plasma, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2)-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are among the most promising strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, several immunomodulatory antibodies acting via several mechanisms to boost the host immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as to avoid the harmful overreaction of the immune system are currently under clinical trial. Our main objective is to present the current most up-to-date progress in some clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. We highlight the pros and pitfalls of several SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
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