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Sun HC, Zhou J, Wang Z, Liu X, Xie Q, Jia W, Zhao M, Bi X, Li G, Bai X, Ji Y, Xu L, Zhu XD, Bai D, Chen Y, Chen Y, Dai C, Guo R, Guo W, Hao C, Huang T, Huang Z, Li D, Li G, Li T, Li X, Li G, Liang X, Liu J, Liu F, Lu S, Lu Z, Lv W, Mao Y, Shao G, Shi Y, Song T, Tan G, Tang Y, Tao K, Wan C, Wang G, Wang L, Wang S, Wen T, Xing B, Xiang B, Yan S, Yang D, Yin G, Yin T, Yin Z, Yu Z, Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Zhao H, Zhou L, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Qin S, Shen F, Cai X, Teng G, Cai J, Chen M, Li Q, Liu L, Wang W, Liang T, Dong J, Chen X, Wang X, Zheng S, Fan J. Chinese expert consensus on conversion therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2021 edition). Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022; 11:227-252. [PMID: 35464283 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-21-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have resulted in improved response rates. This has provided an opportunity for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC to achieve adequate tumor downstaging to undergo surgical resection, a 'conversion therapy' strategy. However, conversion therapy is a new approach to the treatment of HCC and its practice and treatment protocols are still being developed. Review the evidence for conversion therapy in HCC and develop consensus statements to guide clinical practice. Evidence review: Many research centers in China have accumulated significant experience implementing HCC conversion therapy. Preliminary findings and data have shown that conversion therapy represents an important strategy to maximize the survival of selected patients with intermediate stage to advanced HCC; however, there are still many urgent clinical and scientific challenges for this therapeutic strategy and its related fields. In order to summarize and learn from past experience and review current challenges, the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2021 Edition) was developed based on a review of preliminary experience and clinical data from Chinese and non-Chinese studies in this field and combined with recommendations for clinical practice. Sixteen consensus statements on the implementation of conversion therapy for HCC were developed. The statements generated in this review are based on a review of clinical evidence and real clinical experience and will help guide future progress in conversion therapy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Jia
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongping Guo
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Center of General Surgery, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fubao Liu
- Division of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shichun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Weifu Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Shao
- Department of Intervention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunqiang Tang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chidan Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Liver Surgery Department, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bangde Xiang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowen Yin
- Department of Intervention, Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Hepatic & Biliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hubei Cancer Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Aibin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ledu Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Hepatoliliary Surgery Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shukui Qin
- Qinhuai Medical Area, Eastern Theater General Hospital of PLA China, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minshan Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Le Roy B, Dupré A, Gallon A, Chabrot P, Gagnière J, Buc E. Liver hypertrophy: Underlying mechanisms and promoting procedures before major hepatectomy. J Visc Surg 2018; 155:393-401. [PMID: 30126801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various procedures can promote hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) before major hepatectomy to prevent postoperative liver failure. The pathophysiological situation following portal vein embolization (PVE), hepatic artery ligation/embolization or hepatectomy remains unclear. On one hand, the main mechanisms of hepatic regeneration appear to be driven by hepatic hypoxia (involving the hepatic arterial buffer response), an increased portal blood flow inducing shear stress and the involvement of several mediators (inflammatory cytokines, vasoregulators, growth factors, eicosanoids and several hormones). On the other hand, several factors are associated with impaired liver regeneration, such as biliary obstruction, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, male gender, age, ethanol and viral infection. All these mechanisms may explain the varying degrees of hypertrophy observed following a surgical or radiological procedure promoting hypertrophy the FLR. Radiological procedures include left and right portal vein embolization (extended or not to segment 4), sequential PVE and hepatic vein embolization (HVE), and more recently combined PVE and HVE. Surgical procedures include associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, and more recently the combined portal embolization and arterial ligation procedure. This review aimed to clarify the pathophysiology of liver regeneration; it also describes radiological or surgical procedures employed to improve liver regeneration in terms of volumetric changes, the feasibility of the second step and the benefits and drawbacks of each procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Le Roy
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hôpital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 1, place Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Auvergne UMR 6602 UCA/CNRS/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand Faculty of Medicine, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - A Dupré
- Inserm, LabTAU UMR1032, Centre Léon-Bérard, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - A Gallon
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Auvergne UMR 6602 UCA/CNRS/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand Faculty of Medicine, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Chabrot
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Auvergne UMR 6602 UCA/CNRS/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand Faculty of Medicine, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Gagnière
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hôpital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 1, place Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Buc
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hôpital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 1, place Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Auvergne UMR 6602 UCA/CNRS/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand Faculty of Medicine, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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