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Leistner A, Holzgrabe U. Impurity profiling of dapsone using gradient HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:113982. [PMID: 33657522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The quality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a very important aspect for drug products entering the market. However, also for the well-established drugs, there ought to be a state-of-the-art impurity control. Some of the pharmacopoeial tests for related substances still make use of thin layer chromatography, even though selectivity and sensitivity are suboptimal. Here, we report on the development of a new gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for dapsone in order to replace the currently described pharmacopoeial TLC method. The separation of all relevant components was achieved on a C18 stationary phase (Waters XTerra® RP18 5 μm 4.6 × 250 mm) using a water-acetonitrile gradient. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02% was registered for all specified impurities. Additionally, within this study an "impurity of an impurity" was identified by means of LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Leistner
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Machado S, Fernandes SR, Chaves LL, Lima SAC, Silva EMP, Barreiros L, Reis S, Segundo MA. Chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of dapsone and clofazimine in nanoformulations. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3382-3388. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandia Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sara R. Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luise L. Chaves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sofia A. C. Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduarda M. P. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Kizu R, Nishimura K, Sato R, Kosaki K, Tanaka T, Tanigawara Y, Hasegawa T. Population Pharmacokinetics of Diazoxide in Children with Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 88:316-323. [PMID: 28715810 PMCID: PMC5804843 DOI: 10.1159/000478696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazoxide is the first-line treatment for pediatric hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI). This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of diazoxide in children with HI. METHODS We obtained 81 blood samples from 22 children with HI. Measured serum diazoxide concentrations were used for population pharmacokinetic analysis. Patient factors influencing pharmacokinetics were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effects model analysis. Relationships between drug exposure and adverse drug reactions were also investigated. RESULTS Diazoxide disposition in the body was described by a 1-compartment model. Oral clearance (CL/F) and the volume of distribution were proportional to body weight (WT), as expressed by CL/F in males (liters/h) = 0.0358 + 0.00374 × WT (kg). CL/F in females was 39% greater than that in males. Steady-state concentrations of diazoxide were similar following twice- and 3 times-daily dosing when the total daily doses were comparable. A patient whose serum diazoxide concentration exceeded 100 μg/mL over a 4-month period developed hyperglycemia. No significant correlation was observed between severity of hirsutism and diazoxide concentration. CONCLUSION We have proposed for the first time a population pharmacokinetic model for diazoxide in children with HI. The potential risk of diabetes mellitus and/or hyperglycemia increases when serum concentrations of diazoxide exceed 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Tanigawara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,*Prof. Yusuke Tanigawara, PhD, Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 (Japan), E-Mail
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, Tokyo, Japan
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Rojo L, Fernandez-Gutierrez M, Deb S, Stevens MM, San Roman J. Designing dapsone polymer conjugates for controlled drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2015; 27:32-41. [PMID: 26320539 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates have significantly influenced polymer therapeutics over the last decade via controlled pharmacokinetics. Dapsone (4,4'-diamino diphenylsulphone) is not only widely used in the treatment of leprosy but forms an essential component in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases and malaria. However, its low bioavailability and non-specific distribution in the body leads to absorption throughout organs including skin, liver, and kidneys that can cause serious side effects. Thus, in this study we report the synthesis of polymer-drug conjugates of dapsone covalently bonded to macromolecular chains towards the development of new bioactive polymeric formulations with anti-inflammatory properties. Dapsone was functionalised with an acrylic moiety in which the acrylamide residue was directly bonded to one of the aromatic rings of dapsone. This functionalisation yielded an unsymmetrical dapsone methacrylamide (DapMA) structure, which on free radical polymerisation and co-polymerisation with HEMA yielded polymers of hydrocarbon macromolecules with pendant dapsone units. Thermal and size-exclusion chromatographic analysis revealed an increase in thermal stabilisation of the homopolymer (p(DapMA)) in comparison to the copolymer (p(Dap-co-HEMA)) with relatively high average molecular weight. The polymer conjugates exhibited high stability with low dapsone release from the polymeric backbone due to hydrolysis. However, a significant anti-inflammatory activity in a nitric oxide inhibition assay confirmed that this property was the consequence of only the macromolecular composition and not related to the release of low molecular weight compounds. Thus, the conjugation of dapsone to macromolecular systems provides a synthetic route to incorporate this drug into polymeric systems, facilitating their development into new anti-inflammatory therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The dapsone-conjugated methacrylic monomer and polymer derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties described are previously unreported. The scientific impact of this work lies in its potential to expand the clinical applications of dapsone toward the development of advanced anti-inflammatory therapies based on polymer-therapeutic approaches. These approaches facilitate the treatment of existing rare auto-immune and other inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rojo
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Julio San Roman
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological changes in obese subjects can modify the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs influencing the therapeutic efficacy. METHODS In this study, the authors compare plasma dapsone trough levels of multibacillary leprosy subjects stratified by body mass index (BMI) to evaluate if obesity plays a significant role on drug levels. The relationship between drug levels and BMI was also determined. Dapsone was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and BMI based on World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS At steady state, the median plasma dapsone trough level was significantly lower in obesity class 2 group, when compared with other groups, but they were similar between normal weight and preobesity groups. A weak association between drug levels and BMI was observed. CONCLUSIONS Obesity promotes a significant reduction in plasma dapsone trough levels of subjects with multibacillary leprosy with a weak association between drug levels and BMI.
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Ogaki S, Taguchi K, Watanabe H, Ishima Y, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Carbon Monoxide-Bound Red Blood Cell Resuscitation Ameliorates Hepatic Injury Induced by Massive Hemorrhage and Red Blood Cell Resuscitation via Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Protection in Hemorrhagic Shock Rats. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2199-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Schalcher TR, Borges RS, Coleman MD, Batista Júnior J, Salgado CG, Vieira JLF, Romão PRT, Oliveira FR, Monteiro MC. Clinical oxidative stress during leprosy multidrug therapy: impact of dapsone oxidation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85712. [PMID: 24465659 PMCID: PMC3899049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the oxidative stress in leprosy patients under multidrug therapy (MDT; dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin), evaluating the nitric oxide (NO) concentration, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and methemoglobin formation. For this, we analyzed 23 leprosy patients and 20 healthy individuals from the Amazon region, Brazil, aged between 20 and 45 years. Blood sampling enabled the evaluation of leprosy patients prior to starting multidrug therapy (called MDT 0) and until the third month of multidrug therapy (MDT 3). With regard to dapsone (DDS) plasma levels, we showed that there was no statistical difference in drug plasma levels between multibacillary (0.518±0.029 µg/mL) and paucibacillary (0.662±0.123 µg/mL) patients. The methemoglobin levels and numbers of Heinz bodies were significantly enhanced after the third MDT-supervised dose, but this treatment did not significantly change the lipid peroxidation and NO levels in these leprosy patients. In addition, CAT activity was significantly reduced in MDT-treated leprosy patients, while GSH content was increased in these patients. However, SOD and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity levels were similar in patients with and without treatment. These data suggest that MDT can reduce the activity of some antioxidant enzyme and influence ROS accumulation, which may induce hematological changes, such as methemoglobinemia in patients with leprosy. We also explored some redox mechanisms associated with DDS and its main oxidative metabolite DDS-NHOH and we explored the possible binding of DDS to the active site of CYP2C19 with the aid of molecular modeling software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysa Ribeiro Schalcher
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica/UFPA and Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brasil
| | - Rosivaldo S. Borges
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica/UFPA and Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brasil
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- Mechanisms of Drug Toxicity Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - João Batista Júnior
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal - UDF, SEP/SUL EQ 704/904 - CONJ A, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Claudio G. Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia UFPA/MC, Marituba, Pará, and Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Brasil
| | - Jose Luiz F. Vieira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica/UFPA and Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brasil
| | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Fabio R. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica/UFPA and Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brasil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica/UFPA and Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Electroanalytical application of a screen-printed electrode modified by dodecanethiol-stabilized platinum nanoparticles for dapsone determination. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bergamaschi MM, Alcantara GKS, Valério DAR, Queiroz RHC. Curcumin could prevent methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1638-41. [PMID: 21426920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The curcumin's effect given orally by gavage in single- or multiple-dose regimens on methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone (DDS) was investigated in male Wistar rats. In the single-dose regimen, groups of 10 rats received either vehicle alone, or curcumin at 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 30 mg/kg body weight (bw), or curcumin at 0.02, 0.1, 1, 10, or 30 mg/kg bw plus DDS at 40 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally (i.p.), 2 hours after. In the multiple-dose regimen, groups of 10 rats received either vehicle alone, or curcumin at 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 30 mg/kg bw for 5 days, with or without DDS (40 mg/kg bw, i.p.) 2 hours after on the fifth day. In both regimens, further groups of 10 rats were given DDS alone (positive controls) or normal saline (negative controls) i.p. Single-dose treatment with curcumin at 0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg bw significantly reduced DDS-induced methemoglobin formation, while the higher doses showed a pro-oxidant effect, significantly increasing DDS-induced methemoglobinemia. In the multiple-dose regimen, treatment with curcumin at 0.1 mg/kg bw significantly reduced DDS-induced methemoglobin formation, but the higher doses were without significant effect compared to DDS alone. It is concluded that curcumin at low doses mitigates methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone in rats, both in single- and multiple-dose regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus M Bergamaschi
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, De Quirós ARB, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Cruz JM, Paseiro-Losada P. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Polyfunctional Amines and Related Compounds Used as Monomers and Additives in Food Packaging Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:676-694. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fernandes Vieira JL, Bardarez Riveira JG, Silva Martins ADN, da Silva JP, Salgado CG. Methemoglobinemia and dapsone levels in patients with leprosy. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Veggi LM, Pretto L, Ochoa EJ, Catania VA, Luquita MG, Taborda DR, Sánchez Pozzi EJ, Ikushiro SI, Coleman MD, Roma MG, Mottino AD. Dapsone induces oxidative stress and impairs antioxidant defenses in rat liver. Life Sci 2008; 83:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Omran AA. Individual and Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Dapsone and Metoclopramide HCl in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Synthetic Binary Mixtures. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:1498-501. [PMID: 16272742 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of dapsone (DAP) and metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP) in both pure and dosage forms. Individual and simultaneous methods are based on the diazo coupling reaction of these drugs with benzoylacetone (BAC) in alkaline medium. The resulting azo dyes exhibit maximum absorption at 437 and 411 nm with a molar absorptivity of 4.14x10(4) and 2.97x10(4) l mol-1 cm-1 for DAP and MCP, respectively. Simultaneous determination of DAP and MCP was developed utilizing first-order digital derivative spectrophotometry. All variables have been optimized. No interferences were observed from drug excipients and the validity of the methods was tested against reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ahmed Omran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
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